Learning Check

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You CAN NOT use your neighbor!

Constitution and Bill of Rights

QC Standards •B.1.i. Interpret the ideas and principles expressed in the U.S. Constitution •B.1.j. Explain the development of the Bill of Rights, and assess various debates of the day Learning Targets •U1T14 - I can compare/contrast the views of Federalists and Anti-federalists •U1T15 - I can identify the basic structure of the Constitution and principles/themes it includes. •U1T16 - I can explain the addition of the Bill of Rights and describe its protections.

Introduction - lists 6 goals for American government:

• Form a more perfect Union

• Establish Justice

• Insure domestic tranquility (Peace)

• Provide for the common Defense

• Promote the general Welfare

• Secure the Blessings of Liberty.

7 articles create 3 branches and describe how each will work.

• Changes made to the Constitution.

• First ten = Bill of Rights (1791); list individual freedoms and protections.

Principles of the Constitution (leave space beside each one)

Popular Sovereignty. Separation of Powers. Checks & Balances. Limited Government. Federalism.

Basic Principles: Popular Sovereignty

Power belongs to the people and government must be based on the “consent of the governed”.

Expanded by amendments 15, 19, and 26 (gave the right to vote to non-whites, women, and 18 year olds)

Basic Principles: Separation of Powers

• 3 branches divide powers to: o make laws (congress/legislative)

o manage laws (president/executive)

o interpret laws (courts/judicial)

Basic Principles: Checks and Balances

• Each branch of government has some control over the others.

Example: Congress passes laws and the President may veto those laws. In turn, Congress may refuse to provide funds the President requests for implementing programs.

Basic Principles: Limited Government

• Government does not hold all the power and that it does only those things that people allow it to do.

• Examples: Presidents can be impeached, representatives voted out of office, judges denied confirmation by the Senate.

Basic Principles: Federalism

• Power between the national level and the states is divided.

o Federal (National) Power Only = Delegated Powers

o State Power Only = Reserved Powers

o Both Federal and State = Concurrent Powers

Ratification of the Constitution

• Even after the Constitution was written, 9 of 13 state legislatures still had to ratify (approve) the new law of the land.

• Rejection by any of the four most prominent states - MA, NY, PA, or VA would have doomed the Constitution

Federalists v. Anti-Federalists

Federalists Anti-Federalists • Favored a strong nat’l gov’t –

they were for the Constitution.

• Wanted to limit state power

• Supporters = Large farmers, merchants, artisans

• Wrote the Federalists Papers (propaganda for the new Constitution)

• Opposed a strong nat’l gov’t – they were against the Constitution.

• Strong support for local control

• Supporters = Small farmers, often from rural areas

• Demanded a Bill of Rights

Wealth

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Wealthy Upper Middle-Class

Lower Middle-Class

Anti-FederalistsFederalists

Occupation

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Merchants, manufacturers,doctors, lawyers, ministers,

large landholders

Artisans, innkeepers,surveyors

Farmers

Anti-FederalistFederalist

The Federalist Papers Essays by Alexander Hamilton,

James Madison, John Jay

• Blessings of national government • Criticism of the Articles of

Confederation • Defense of the Constitution • Analysis on the costs and benefits

of freedom.

Ratification of the Constitution: Who Supports? Who Opposes?

1. This country should never be split into a number of unsocial, jealous, and alien sovereignties [territories].

2. The states should respectively have laws, courts, force, and revenues of their own sufficient for their own security; they ought to be fit to keep house alone if necessary.

3. One government . . . never can extend equal benefits to all parts of the United States. Different laws, customs, and opinions exist in the different states, which by a uniform system of laws would be unreasonable.

4. I am against inserting a declaration of rights in the Constitution . . . If such an addition is not dangerous, it is at least unnecessary.

5. A bill of rights . . . serves to secure the minority against the usurpation [takeover] and tyranny [cruelty] of the majority.

Do these artists support or oppose ratification of the

Constitution?

Ratification of the Constitution Yes No

1 December 7, 1787 Delaware 30 0

2 December 11, 1787 Pennsylvania 46 23

3 December 18, 1787 New Jersey 38 0

4 January 2, 1788 Georgia 26 0

5 January 9, 1788 Connecticut 128 40

6 February 6, 1788 Massachusetts 187 168

7 April 26, 1788 Maryland 63 11

8 May 23, 1788 South Carolina 149 73

9 June 21, 1788 New Hampshire 57 47

10 June 25, 1788 Virginia 89 79

11 July 26, 1788 New York 30 27

12 November 21, 1789 North Carolina 194 77

13 May 29, 1790 Rhode Island 34 32

Bill of Rights

• The Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution

• 1st 10 Amendments

Bill of Rights Headlines

Use the dry erase marker to write the following numbers on your table. You will then sort the headlines provided by which amendment they relate to.

• 1

• 2

• 6

• 8

• 10

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxJFCGGWioo&list=PLxDmq_XHJFgujH6ftL6ZoKqg4djNBtdBM