Bellringer:

Guess which president said which

quote (Hoover or FDR)

1. “This nation asks for action, and action now. Not only

our future economic soundness but the very soundness

of our democratic institutions depends on the

determination of our government to give employment

to idle men.”

2. “Economic depression can not be cured by legislative

action or executive pronouncement. The basis of

successful relief in national distress is to mobilize and

organize the infinite number of agencies of self help in

the community. That has been the American way.”

In the 1930s, as part

of the Federal Art

Project—a

government

program created to provide jobs for

the unemployed—

murals were

painted in public buildings across the

country.

Artist Conrad

Albrizio created this

mural, The New Deal, in 1934.

What do you see?

Who is the man standing in the center? Why do you think he is dressed this way?

What do you think has happened to the man sitting in the center?

What are the other people in the mural doing?

What does this mural reveal about the role of the government during this time period?

Learning Target/ Essential Question

Essential Question: How did the expansion of government

during the New Deal affect the nation?

Standard: D. 1. g Evaluate the impact of the New Deal on

various elements of American society (e.g., social, political,

environmental, economic)

Learning Target:

I can identify and categorize the New Deal agencies.

I can explain the impact that each agency had on American

society.

New Deal Terms to Know

Deficit Spending: Spend more money than receiving in tax

revenue and borrow money to make up the difference.

Roosevelt’s First Steps as President

Inaugural Address: “The only thing

we have to fear is fear itself”

Fireside Chats: Roosevelt’s way to

communicate to the American

people directly

Bank Holiday: All banks

temporarily close to ease panic

Hundred Days…start of the First New Deal (plan introduced by

FDR to transform America

economically, socially, and politically)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osYAEggOtI8&list=PL3833257914F80DA9

Presidential Use of Mass Media

The First New Deal -

1933

The First New Deal - examples

National Industrial Recovery Act, which targeted the needs of business, labor unions, and the unemployed.

To help the unemployed, the NIRA established the Public Works Administration to oversee construction projects that would create jobs.

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration tried to help farmers by paying them to plant fewer crops so that prices would rise. With more income, farmers could pay their bills.

The Civilian Conservation Corps was a work-relief program that gave young men jobs through conservation projects.

The AAA sought to reduce

crop production and raise

prices to help farmers.

Here, an AAA worker is

examining the surface of

the land to find ways that

can improve farming.

The First New Deal - examples

The New Deal funded public works projects to stimulate the economy

and put people back to work. Among the largest projects were dams

like those built for the Tennessee Valley Authority. Workers also built

bridges and roads, planted trees, and cut trails through national forests.

This Depression-era mural by artist William Gropper is titled Construction

of the Dam.

The First New Deal - examples

Protests and Political Challenges

The American Liberty League was a group of

critics who believed that the New Deal had

gone too far in expanding the role of the

federal government.

Other critics, like Robert La Follette, Dr. Francis

Townsend, and Huey Long, believed that the

government should do more to help the needy.

The Second New Deal

One key program of the Second New Deal was the Works

Progress Administration, a work-relief organization that put more

than 3 million Americans to work on various projects in its first

year.

The Wagner Act created the National Labor Relations Board to

protect workers’ rights.

The Social Security Act created several programs to help Americans, including retirement, disability, and unemployment

benefits.

The WPA’s Federal Art project provided jobs for more than 5,000 artists

who created over 200,000 works of art. Many of the work that the WPA

commissioned were murals that depict scenes from American life, like

the one shown here. This mural was painted on a courthouse in Trenton,

New Jersey. Many of the WPA artists were inspired by famed Mexican

muralist Diego Rivera.

Alphabet Agency Worksheet

Alphabet Agencies: Federal gov’t acts and programs

created between 1933 and 1938 to help cure depression.

Social and Political Impacts

Women made some advances during the New Deal. Some

women held high government positions, but many lost their jobs

because employing men was more valued. New Deal legislation

ignored most women workers (domestics).

American Indians saw conditions improve with an Indian New

Deal, but it did not lift them out of poverty.

Some Mexican Americans benefited from the New Deal’s work-relief programs, but more than a third returned to Mexico.

The New Deal offered some hope for African Americans. It helped some get jobs, but many New Deal agencies still practiced racial segregation.

New Deal programs were racially segregated. FDR didn’t support African-Americans rights (reluctant to support federal anti-lynching law) because he needed Southern votes for New Deal legislation.

Court Packing Plan - 1937

6 of 9 justices were over 70 and thought

it was their duty to rule against FDR

(programs were “socialist”). 7 of 9 cases

involving New Deal were struck down.

1932 and 1936 elections were landslides

for FDR. FDR believes he has public

mandate for his programs.

FDR wants to add 1 new justice for every

justice over 70 (cap at 15 justices).

Roosevelt's initiative ultimately failed due

to adverse public opinion and the

retirement of one Supreme Court Justice

(who FDR got to replace)

Critics of the New Deal

Many programs were only temporary solutions.

Increased national debt. 1932-1939 ($19.5million$40.5million)

Said FDR was a dictator (court packing; increased

power of executive branch)

The New Deal did not end the Great Depression.

WWII ended the Great Depression

Legacy of the New Deal?

Welfare Programs

Social Security

Stock Market Regulation

Deficit Spending

Assessment

Franklin D Roosevelt Political Cartoons

(on notebook paper – turn in):

Choose 5 political cartoons. Determine which cartoons are pro-FDR

and which are anti-FDR. For EACH, you must include:

Title of Cartoon (if there is one)

Description of what’s going on in the cartoon

For FDR or Against FDR

Supporting evidence (how you know it’s for or against)

Exit Slip

1. Who are the people in the

political cartoon?

2. What words are in the cartoon?

3. Describe what is happening in

the cartoon.

4. What event in history is this

cartoon describing?

5. What is the author’s

argument/opinion?