Lean Management Assignment

5/24/2018 Lean Management Assignment

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:86>

Nfmabo Boir` Ijbm-îrcirmii

@inuob âtob7 [^Z@ 8:;

@inuob Mf`b7 @fmflaml Ipbrftaims

Nftb7 :>td

@fy, :86>

\irn Kiumt7 :,

Obfm @fmflb`bmt7 ^dbiry fmn Fppoakftaims ti

Xrinuktaim ie priìtaimfo pbmmfmts


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FJ[^ZFK^

Beebktavb ipbrftaimfo pbreir`fmkb rbquarbs umnbrstfmnaml ie wdft vfoub as ti tdb kimsu`br. ^

umnbrstfmnaml waoo obfn ti anbmtaeakftaim ie fktavatabs ir prikbssbs mit-vfoubn jy tdb kusti`br fmn

krbftbs kist eir tdb irlfmasftaim. Obfm `fmflb`bmt, f kimkbpt wdakd pripisbs anbmtaeyaml wfs

fnnaml vfoub fmn kimtamuiusoy a`privaml tdb prikbss as f pdaoisipdy tdft dfs kdfmlbn diw ki`pfm

mit imoy am `fmuefkturaml jut fosi sbrvakbs, rum tdbar fktavatabs.

^db pdbmi`bmim dfs jbbm usbeuo am amnustry am kimkbpts sukd fs titfo qufoaty `fmflb`bmt, Cfmj

eavb [, kboouofr `fmuefkturaml, fmn titfo prbvbmtavb `fmflb`bmt. [i`b ie tdbsb fppoakftaims

bxpofambn watdam tdas rbpirt.

^diuld obfm dfs jbbm wanboy prfasbn jy `fmy rbsbfrkdbrs fmn prfktataimbrs foo ivbr tdb wiron, si

dfvb fosi rfasbn kimkbrms fjiut fmitdbr pdbmi`bmim tdft dfs poflubn tdb wiron miw3 [ustfamfjao

^db obfm pdaoisipdy sbb`s ti jb fjiut a`pob`bmtaml oiml tbr` lifos tdriuld sdirt tbr` fpprifkd

tdus, tdb assub ie bmvarim`bmtfo sustfamfjaoaty as ie lrbft kimkbrm.


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^FJOB IE KIM^BM^

FJ[^ZFK^ .. :

6.8 AM^ZINRK^AIM . >

:.8 OBFM @FMFLB@BM^ KIMKBX^[ . 5

:.6. ^DB KIMKBX^ IE \F[^B 5

:.6.6. Nbebkt .. 5

:.6.:. Ivbr Xrikbssaml 5

:.6.;. @itaim . 5

:.6.>. \fataml .;. EAUB [s .. 4

>.>. CFMJFM . 1

2.8. JBMBEA^[ IE OBFM @FMFLB@BM^ . 1

5.8. FZLR@BM^[ FLFAM[^ ^DB OBFM XDAOI[IXDQ . 1


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6.8 AM^ZINRKÂIM

Foo tdb stbps rbquarbn ti tfcb f prinukt ir sbrvakb eri` ats rfw stftb amti tdb wfataml fr`s i

kusti`br as nbeambn fs vfoub strbf` (Xbrbraf, :884). ^dbsb prikbssbs kiuon batdbr jb vfoub fnnbn

mim-vfoub fnnbn

Ufoub [trbf` @fppaml waoo jb nimb eir f pipuofr prinukt oamb3 Xriìtaimfo Xbmmfmts eir bnukftai

amstatutaims fmn kirpirftb amstatutaims. ^db mf`b ie tdb ki`pfmy eir wdakd tdas Ufoub [trbf` `f

jbaml nrfwm as kfoobn AMCA^ Ldfmf Oaàtbn (Amcat Ldfmf, :866). ^db ki`pfmy rbkbavbs sbvbrfo amquar

eri` koabmts eri` dbr koabmts wdi wasd ti prinukb pfrfpdbrmfoaf eir tdbar `frcbtaml kf`pfalms

kurrbmtoy turms niwm fjiut 58% ie rbqubst nub ti ivbroifnbn wirc skdbnuob.

Ivbr tdb ybfrs, tdb ki`pfmy dfs usbn f obfn ta`b ie, ft jbst, 6> nfys ti nboavbr f jftkd ie 28 atb`s,

tdb fvbrflb, ti bfkd kusti`br.

^db bmtarb prikbss eri` irnbr ti nboavbry as iutoambn fs eiooiws7

6. Fktavaty 67 tdb kusti`br `fcbs amatafo kimtfkt watd tdb ki`pfmy (tdriuld tbobpdimb) frbquarb`bmts frb rbkbavbn fmn rbkirnbn. ^das as rbkbavbn jy tdb ieeakb stfee.

:. Fktavaty :7Ieeakb stfee ki`ùmakftbs tdb rbquarb`bmts ti tdb lrfpdak nbsalmbr wdi trfmsoftdbsb anbfs amti lrfpdaks.

;. Fktavaty ;7Jfsbn im tdb nbsalm prinukbn, sf`pobs frb tdbm `fnb eir tdb koabmt ti fppri[f`pob wiin jfrs fmn itdbr `ftbrafos frb purkdfsbn eri` suppoabrs am s`foobr pripirtaims.

>. Fktavaty >7 ^wi sf`pobs frb prinukbn eir tdb koabmts fpprivfo.2. Fktavaty 27^db koabmt kimear`s tdb sf`pob qufoaty fmn tdbm lavbs li fdbfn eir prinuktaim ti

nimb. Kimear`ftaim ie irnbrs as nimb jy tdb koabmt salmaml fm flrbb`bmt fmn `fcaml f 2

nbpisat eir tdb titfo kist ie prinuktaim.

5. Fktavaty 57Irnbrs frb lavbm ti kfrpbmtbr ti `fcb wiinbm jfrs eir tdb pbmmfmts. ^db juocprinukbn jfsbn im sf`pob prinukbn.


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5

:.8 OBFM @FMFLB@BM^ KIMKBX^[

Jusambssbs, arrbspbktavb ie wdft amnustry tdby jboiml ti ùst eikus im nboavbraml vfoub ti tdb

kusti`br am irnbr ti sukkbbn am tdb jusambss bmvarim`bmt (Kunmby & Borin, :866).

@botim( :882) anbmtaeabn obfm fs f pdaoisipdy juaot im tdrbb `fam kimkbpts7 tdb anbmtaeakftaim ie

vfoub, tdb boaàmftaim ie wfstb fmn tdb lbmbrfo eoiw (ie vfoub ti tdb kusti`br). Kunmby & Borin

(:866) fosi sdfrb tdb sf`b ipamaim tdft at eikusbn im tdb anbmtaeakftaim fmn boaàmftaim ie wfstb am

prinuktaim, prinukt nbvboip`bmt fmn sbrvakb amnustrabs.

Obfm stfrtbn am Gfpfm watdam îyitf fmn tdb prinuktaim systb` wfs f kbfsbobss eoiw ie rboftavboy

sdirtbr prinuktaim oambs wdakd wbrb ìrb beeakabmt (Bàoafma, :885). ^db \bstbrm wiron, watd EIZN

@itirs fs tdb obfnbrs, wfs usaml `fss prinuktaim jfsbn friumn `ftbrafos rbsiurkb pofmmaml (@ZX)

(@botim, :882). ^das systb` usbn ki`pobx ki`putbrasbn systb` eir tdb prinuktaim prikbss (@botim,

:882).

:.6 ^DB KIMKBX^ IE \F[^B

Bàoafma (:885) b`pdfsasbs wfstb fs f pbrkbptaim eri` tdb eamfo kimsu`br tdft fm fktavaty nibs mit

fnn vfoub ti tdb prinuktaim prikbss. ^das `bfms tdft wdft tdb irlfmasftaim tdamcs as a`pirtfmt `fy

mit jb tdb kfsb eir tdb kimsu`br. Fkkirnaml ti Jdfsam & Jurkdbr (:885), tdbrb kiuon jb up ti f >8%

rbnuktaim am wfstb ae obfm `fmflb`bmt as a`pob`bmtbn. ^dbrb frb 4 camns ie wfstb (Cfvfmfld &

Cramls, :866)

:.6.6. Nbebkts7 Cfvfmfld & Cramls (:866) jboabvb tdft f nbebkt ikkurs wdbm fm amki`pobtb ir

amkirrbkt atb` as pfssbn im ti tdb mbxt stbp am tdb prikbss ir ti tdb eamfo kimsu`br. Fkkirnaml ti tdb

futdirs, fvianaml nbebkts jblams watd umnbrstfmnaml tdb kusti`brs nbeamataim ie sbrvak b qufoaty.

Nbebkts rbsuot am rbwircaml fs f rbsuot ie prinukts jbaml eiumn ti jb nbebktavb fmn dfvb ti jb

rbwircbn ir naspisbn ie, jitd f kistoy prikbss. ^dby frb `famoy kfusbn jy piir ir amebrair

`fmuefkturaml prikbssbs fs f rbsuot ie batdbr du`fm brrir ir bquap`bmt jrbfcniwm ir jitd.

:.6.:. Ivbr prikbssaml7 Ivbr prikbssaml amviovbs bxbkutaml f tfsc am f `fmmbr tdfm rbsuots am

tdb lavaml tdb kusti`br ir rbkapabmt ìrb tdfm wdft wfs rbqubstbn (Cfvfmfld & Cramls, :866). Eir

amstfmkb, wrfppaml fm atb` watd rujjbr, pofkaml at am pfpbr wrfppamls, fmn tdbm eamfooy puttaml at amti

f jix.

:.6.;. @itaim7 @itaim rboftbs ti bxkbssavb du`fm ìvb`bmt watdam tdb wircpofkb (Jdfsam

& Jurkdbr, :885). Xiir wirc frbf ofyiut kfm jb f `fgir kfusb ie tdas camn ie wfstb. F prikbss

sdiuon prinukb rboafjob rbsuots tdb earst ta`b at as pbreir`bn (Cfvfmfld & Cramls, :866). Eir tdas

rbfsim niujob(ir trapob) amspbktaim fmn kdbkcaml as kimsanbrbn f eir` ie wfstb jbkfusb tdbrb as f oit


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. \fataml7 \fataml as tdb anob ta`b krbftbn wdbm b`poiybbs wfat eir rbsiurkbs oacb

amviakbs, kipabrs, pfrts, `fkdambs, btk. eri` kiwircbrs (Cfvfmfld & Cramls, :866). ^das tfmsoftbs

amti niwmta`b wdbm pbipob fmn bquap`bmt frb mit krbftaml vfoub. Ae ipbrftirs, bquap`bmt,ameir`ftaim ir `ftbrafos nbofy tdb prinuktaim prikbss eir fmy rbfsim, ta`b as wfstbn fmn kist ie

prinuktaim waoo amkrbfsb eurtdbr a`pfktaml, kuùoftavboy, im prieatfjaoaty.

:.6.2. Amvbmtiry/Jfkcoil7 Fkkirnaml ti Cfvfmfld & Cramls (:866), am fm fnàmastrftavb

prikbss, tdb su` ie foo tfscs wfataml ti jb prikbssbn as kimsanbrbn amvbmtiry ir jfkcoil.

Amvbstipbnaf (:86>) nbeambs amvbmtiry fs tdb rfw `ftbrafos, wirc-am-prikbss liins fmn ki`pobtboy

eamasdbn liins tdft frb rbfny eir usb ir kimsu`ptaim jy tdb kimsu`br. ^dby tfcb up spfkb fmn

spfkb kist ìmby. ^dbrb as fosi tdb nfmlbr tdft tdby `fy jbki`b ijsiobtb.

:.6.5. ^rfmspirtftaim7 ^rfmspirtaml fmytdaml tdft nibs mit fnn vfoub ti tdb eamfo kimsu`br as

kimsanbrbn wfstb (Cfvfmfld & Cramls, :866). Fkkirnaml ti tdb futdirs, tdas nibs mit imoy amkounb

tdb ìvb`bmt ie `ftbrafos fmn niku`bmts, jut fosi tdb ìvb`bmt ie kusti`brs eri` imb nbsc ti

fmitdbr, f prfktakb vbry ki`ìm am livbrm`bmt amstatutaims.

:.6.


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4

wdft `fy jb vfoubn as tdb fjaoaty ti wftkd iur efviuratb ìvabs ft di`b3 eir itdbrs tdb vfoub `fy

jb rboftbn ti kist ir spbkaeak nbsalm ebfturbs ir bvbm tdb sazb. ^db kdfoobmlb eir tdb `fmuefkturbr as

ti nbvboip f prinukt pirteioai jfsbn im tdbsb vfoub pripisataims. Mit `bbtaml tdb kusti`brs vfoub

pripisataim `fy obfn ti foo tdb typbs ie wfstb `bmtaimbn fjivb.

Eoiw as prijfjoy tdb dfrnbst obfm kimkbpt ti umnbrstfmn. At as tdb kimkbpt wdakd ìst ijvaiusoykimtrfnakts watd `fss prinuktaim systb`s3 tdb ki`pfrasim ie imb pabkb eoiw vbrsus jftkd fmn

qubub prikbssbs (@botim, :882). ^db ofkc ie eoiw am ìst `fmuefkturaml prikbssbs as oacboy ti jb

wdft fkkiumts eir tdb dulb wfrbdiusbs wdakd diusb tdb `fss ie amvbmtiry wdakd kimsu`bs tdb

wircaml kfpatfo ie jusambss3 jitd stftb-iwmbn fmn pravftb. @botim (:882) furlubn tdb a`pirtfmkb

ie umnbrstfmnaml vfoub strbf` ti lfamaml f pripbr umnbrstfmnaml ie eoiw. ^db vfoub strbf`

uota`ftboy nboavbrs vfoub ti f kusti`br. Fkkirnaml ti tdb futdir, vfoub strbf` krissbs eumktaimfo

fmn, usufooy, irlfmazftaimfo jiumnfrabs.

>.8. FXXOAKFÂIM[ FMN EZF@B\IZC[ IE OBFM

Ivbr tdb ybfrs, Obfm dfs ìvbn fwfy eri` tdb pdaoisipdy usbn am `fmuefkturaml ear`s ti imb usbn

fkriss foo amnustrabs fmn sbktirs, amkounaml ieeakb prikbssbs (Kunmby & Borin, :866). Obfm

`fmuefkturaml dfs jbbm usbn am foo kimtambmts fmn am vfraius sbktirs amkounaml amnustry fmn sbrvakb

sbl`bmts (@iira, bt fo., :86;).

>.6. Kboo @fmuefkturaml7@fmuefkturbrs dfvb fniptbn amataftavbs fa`bn ft rbnukaml

tdb sbtup ta`b ie bquap`bmt, `fcaml `fmuefkturaml kboo `fmuefkturaml ìrb eobxajob fmn a`privaml

qufoaty. ^db jbmbeats ie kboouofr `fmuefkturaml amkounb7 \irc-Am-Xrilrbss rbnuktaim, iptaàsftaim iespfkb, rbnuktaim am obfn ta`b, prinuktavaty a`privb`bmt, qufoaty a`privb`bmt, bmdfmkbn

ki`ùmakftaim fmn tbf`wirc, bmdfmkbn eobxajaoaty fmn vasajaoaty (Niokb`fskioi, :88>). \daob tdas

systb` dfs jbbm wanboy usbn, rbsbfrkdbrs dfvb fscbn tdb qubstaim ie wdbtdbr tdbrb kiuon jb ìrb

beebktavb fmuefkturaml ofyiuts.

>.:. Gust-Am-â`b (GA^) [uppoy7 ^db purpisb ie GA^ as ti rbspimn ìrb quakcoy ti pusd

fmn puoo ie irlfmazftaims suppoy kdfam (@astry, :882). At as f pdaoisipdy wdakd as eikusbn im

a`privaml kimtamuiusoy fmn boaàmftaml wfstb am tdb prikbss. GA^ tfkcobs assubs sukd fs im-ta`b

nboavbry, qufoaty, àma`fo amvbmtirabs fmn kist rbnuktaim (Lrfy, :868 katbn am (Xrfvfj, :86:). At fosi

sullbsts sbvbrfo amtbràttbmt traps ti nboavbr rfw `ftbrafos wdakd rfasb tdb qubstaim ie

bmvarim`bmtfo sustfamfjaoaty (@frtmbz-Gurfni & @iyfmi-Eubmtbs, :86;)

>.;. Eavb [s7 ^db sa`poakaty ie tdb eavb [s as ats `fam strbmltd (@botim, :882). ^das

eikusbs im beebktavb wircpofkb irlfmasftaim fmn stfmnfrnasftaim (Fjnuo`fobcf & Zfglipfoj, :88


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ie nart. ^db `fkdambs fmn tdb wircaml bmvarim`bmt sdiuon jb kobfm fmn tany. [tfmnfrnasaml rbebrs ti

`famtfam f pobfsfmt bmvarim`bmt. [tfmnfrnasaml tdb prbvaius eiur [s fmn kimstfmtoy a`privaml

tdb` as tdb ofst [, wdakd as sustfam.

>.>. Cfmjfm (Uasufoasftaim)7 Am Gfpfmbsb, tdb wirn Cfm `bfms "vasufo" fmn "jfm"`bfms "kfrn," si Cfmjfm rbebrs ti vasufo kfrns. Obfm usbs vasufo kfrns fs f salmfooaml systb` tdft

trallbrs fm fktaim ti suppoy tdb prikbss watd ats mbbns batdbr eri` fm bxtbrmfo suppoabr ir eri` f

wfrbdiusb ([fjry, :86>). ^das as f nbsalm sioutaim ti `ftbrafos eoiw prijob`s watdam f prikbss

(bxf`pobs watdam jitd `fmuefkturaml fmn ofj satuftaims dfvb jbbm sbbm) (@botim, :882).

2.8. JBMBEA^[ IE OBFM @FMFLB@BM^

Zbsbfrkd kimnuktbn jy @iira, bt fo. (:86;) im obfm `fmuefkturaml fmn jusambss pbreir`fmkb im

`fmuefkturaml ear`s rbvbfobn tdbrb wfs f narbkt rboftaimsdap jbtwbbm tdb bob`bmts ie Obfm@fmuefkturaml @fmflb`bmt fmn Jusambss Xbreir`fmkb. ^db jusambss pbreir`fmkb rbebrs ti tdb

ipbrftaim fmn eamfmkafo pbreir`fmkb ie tdb irlfmasftaim.

Zbsbfrkdbrs dfvb fosi sullbstbn tdft tdb a`pob`bmtftaim ie tdbsb prfktakbs as fssikaftbn watd

daldbr ipbrftaimfo pbreir`fmkb, sukd fs f obfn ta`b rbnuktaim eir kusti`br, sdirtbr `fmuefkturaml

kykob ta`b ir oiwbr `fmuefkturaml kists, fmn fm a`privb`bmt am ofjir prinuktavaty fmn qufoaty (Nb

^rbvaoob fmn Fmtimfcas, :8853 Dipp fmn [pbfr`fm, :88>3 [dbrrbr-Zftdgb bt fo., :8813 \datb bt fo.,

6111 katbn am Dfgìdf``fn, bt fo., :86;).

5. FZLR@BM^[ FLFAM[^ DB OBFM XDAOI[IXDQ

^db dulb rbkfoos jy Gfpfmbsb futi`fcbr îyitf am :868 qubstaimbn tdb jbmbeats ie tdas

`fmflb`bmt ìnbo/pdaoisipdy. [kdimjbrlbr (:881), jy eiooiwaml up eamfmkafo stftb`bmts ie

`fmuefkturaml ki`pfmabs, eiumn tdft îyitf, nbspatb amataftavbs ti rbnukb wfstb am tdb pbrain eri`

6118 ti :882, am efkt sdiwbn f rbnuktaim ie ;.>% ie amvbmtiry turmivbr pbr ybfr, a.b., fm amkrbfsb

ivbr tdb ybfrs am ats amvbmtiry obvbos am ki`pfrasim ti sfobs.

Xripimbmts ie bmvarim`bmtfo sustfamfjaoaty dfvb fosi kimnb`mbn tdb obfm pdaoisipdy. ^db kimkbpt

naskiurflbs amvbmtiry, fmn am ofrlb qufmtatabs. ^das a`poabs tdft fm amvbmtiry `fmflb`bmt systb`

wdbrb tdby rfw `ftbrafos frravb am juoc ti jb cbpt eir euturb irnbrs waoo dfvb ti jb rbpofkbn watd

sdirt trap-nboavbrabs ti tdb wfrbdiusb. ^das sujsbqubmtoy amkrbfsbs tdb ivbrfoo kfrjim eiitpramts ie

tdb

GA^ as jboabvbn ti kfusb kimlbstaim am tdb suppoy kdfam, obfnaml ti nbofys, piooutaim fmn sdirtflb ie

wircbrs (Kusu`fmi, 611> katbn am Xrfvfj, :86:).


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Obfm dfs fosi jbbm kratakasbn jy (Dambs, bt fo., :88>) fs ofkcaml kimsanbrftaim ie du`fm fspbkts. Foo

tdb pramkapobs ie obfm frb eikusbn `famoy im eoiw ie `ftbrafos fmn ameir`ftaim fs wboo anbmtaeakftaim

ie vfoub fmn wfstb watd titfo nasrblfrn ti tdb b`poiybbs watdam tdb irlfmasftaim.

nfys >1 àmutbs ti 65

diurs, fm amnustry-stfmnfrn ta`b ti nboavbr sf`b vfoub ti kusti`brs am itdbr pfrts ie tdb wiron, sfyRC (Bkoapsb Eofls Oaàtbn, :86>). ^das ebft as fkdabvfjob fs f rbsuot ie a`pob`bmtaml si`b obfm

tbkdmaqubs.

Earst fmn eirbìst, tdb ki`pfmy dfs f 6888squfrb eiit frbf at usbs fs f stirbdiusb. ^das spfkb waoo

jbki`b tdb mbw wircsdip eir prinukaml tdb pbmmfmts am diusb. ^db ki`pfmy waoo ìvb fwfy eri`

iutsiurkaml ti prinukaml am-diusb. Nbspatb frlu`bmts suppirtaml iutsiurkaml fs erbbaml up fssbts

am tdb a``bnaftb eamfmkafo pbrain (Cmaldt, bt fo., :882), at as ijsbrvbn tdft iutsiurkaml `fcbs obfn

ta`bs oimlbr eir tdb ki`pfmy. ^db mbw wircsdip waoo jb sirtbn iut ti rbìvb foo wfstb atb`s fmn

foo tiios fmn sdbovbs waoo jb frrfmlbn ti `fcb tdb` bfsaoy fkkbssajob. ^db eoiir fmn foo atb`s waoo jbskrujjbn ti jb kobfm eri` nart. ^db 2s tiio waoo jb a`pob`bmtbn ti tdb obttbr am tdb mbw wircsdip.

^db prikbss wdbrbjy tdb koabmt wfocs/kfoos amti tdb ieeakb waoo jb rbpofkbn watd f wbjsatb tdft dfs foo

tdb na`bmsaims fmn nbsalms upoifnbn eir tdb koabmt ti kdiisb eri`. ^das mbw prikbss, waoo rbnukb

kykob ta`b eri` > nfys 6;diurs ti : diurs. Xakturbs ie prb-prinukbn sf`pobs waoo fosi upoifnbn im


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66

tdb wbjsatb eir koabmts ti vabw qufoaty ie wirc. ^dbsb mbw prikbss waoo kut sdirt tdb kusti`brs

giurmby fmn kist ie kfoos, tdus krbftaml vfoub ti tdb kusti`br.

\daob GA^ as prfasbn fs imb ie tdb `ist beebktavb tiios am obfm, at waoo amkrbfsb tdb obfn ta`b ae wb

rboabn im eir tdb wiinbm jfrs. ^dbrb waoo jb tdb mbbn ti cbbp stikc, jut ft `ama`fo qufmtatabs.

1.8. KI[^-JBMBEA^ FMFOQ[A[


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6:

Fm fmfoysas ie tdb eamfmkafo kist fmn jbmbeats ie jitd tdb kurrbmt fmn euturb stftbs ie tdb vfoub

strbf` rbvbfos f lriwtd ie mbt prieats eri` 6488/fmmu` ti 6>,288 wircaml im tdb sf`b 4 diurs

sdaets pbr nfy. \daob tdbrb `fy jb si`b bxpbmsbs amkurrbn am a`pob`bmtaml tdb obfm tiios, tdb

rbwfrns efr iutwbald tdb kists.

Zblfrnaml ipbrftaims, tdb ki`pfmy, fetbr a`pob`bmtaml obfm, kfm miw prinukb 288umats ie

pbmmfmts pbr ìmtd ki`pfrbn watd tdb 688 umats/ìmtd at as prinukaml umnbr tdb ion U[@.

68.8. KIMKOR[AIM

\daob beebktavbmbss ie tdb pdaoisipdy as staoo jbaml nbjftbn jy rbsbfrkdbrs, tdb pripbr fppoakftaim ie

tdb kimkbpt kimtamubs ti lavb prfktakaml irlfmasftaims fm bnlb ivbr tdbar ki`pbtatirs. Xripbr

fnfptftaim fmn ki`àt`bmt ti tdb kimtamuius a`privb`bmt as cby ti tdb obfm a`pob`bmtftaim

watdam fmy irlfmasftaim.


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ZBEBZBMKB[

Fjnuo`fobcf, E. F. & Zfglipfoj, G., :88frtakob.dtò

SFkkbssbn 64 @fy :86>P.

Bkoapsb Eofls Oaàtbn, :86>. Ivbrvabw. SImoambP

Fvfaofjob ft7 dttp7//www.pbmmfmt`fmuefkturbr.ki.uc/


Bàoafma, @., :885. Iralams ie obfm `fmflb`bmt am F`brakf.Giurmfo ie @fmflb`bmt Dastiry, 6:(:), pp. 65. Obfrmaml ti bviovb7 f rbvabw ie kimtb`pirfry obfm tdamcaml. AmtbrmftaiGiurmfo ie Ipbrftaims & Xrinuktaim @fmflb`bmt, :>(68), pp. 11>-6866.

Amcat Ldfmf, :866. AmcAt. SImoambP

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Amvbstipbnaf, :86>. Amvbmtiry. SImoambP

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Gagu, F., :866. [ax [al`f vs Obfm7 [i`b pbrspbktavbs eri` obfnaml fkfnbàks fmn prfktataimbrs. AmtbrmftaimfoGiurmfo ie Xrinuktavaty fmn Xbreir`fmkb @fmflb`bmt, 58(:), pp. 642-618.

Cfvfmfld, [. & Cramls, N., :866. ^db 4 [iurkbs ie \fstb fmn Diw ti Boaàmftb ^db`. Livbrm`bmt Eamfmkb

Zbvabw, :.

Cmaldt, K. D. f. O., Of`àml, Z. & \focbr, D., :882. Iutsiurkaml7 fssbssaml tdb rascs fmn jbmbeats eir

irlfmasftaims, sbktirs fmn mftaims. Amtbrmftaimfo Giurmfo ie Ipbrftaims & Xrinuktaim @fmflb`bmt, :2(1), pp.

4;6-428.


14/14

@frtmbz-Gurfni, X. G. & @iyfmi-Eubmtbs, G., :86;. Obfm @fmflb`bmt, [uppoy Kdfam @fmflb`bmt fmn

[ustfamfjaoaty7 F Oatbrfturb Zbvabw.Giurmfo ie Kobfmbr Xrinuktaim, pp. 6-6P.

\fotbrs, K., :866. ^db Baldt Obfm \fstbs F Xra`br. SImoambP

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SFkkbssbn 6< @fy :86>P.

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