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COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

Education and Research Department

LDD for Computer Hardware and System SoftwareConcepts

Aug 2005

Document No. Authorized By Ver. Revision Signature / Date

ER/CORP/CRS/OS

09/019

Dr Ravindra M. P. Ver.2.0

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Infosys Document Revision History

ER/CORP/CRS/OS09/019 Version No. 2.0 i

Document Revision History

Ver.

Revision

Date Author(s) Reviewer(s) Description

0.00a May 2004 Amrita Deo Ajit Ravindran Nair,

Swati Das

Initial Draft

1.0 June 2004 Amrita Deo Ajit Ravindran Nair,

Swati Das

Comments given by

reviewers have been

incorporated

2.0 Aug 2005 Ajit Nair, Meera

Dharmalingam,Venkataraghavan

G, Umesha Murthy

Deepak Ranjal

Shenoy

Sundar K.S Topics on File

System, Reference onKShop, Evolution of

OS, Lab Guides for

Word, Excel &

PowerPoint added.

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Infosys Table of Contents

ER/CORP/CRS/OS09/019 Version No. 2.0 ii

Contents

1 Computer Hardware and System Software Concepts............................................... 1

1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 12 Fundamentals of Computer Architecture ................................................................ 1

2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 1

Organization of a small computer............................................................................... 1

Central Processing Unit(CPU)..................................................................................... 1

2.2 Memory.............................................................................................................. 1

2.3 Input/Output(I/O) Devices............................................................................... 1

2.4 Bus ...................................................................................................................... 1

2.5 Addressing Modes............................................................................................. 1

3 System Software ......................................................................................................... 2

3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 2

Assemblers..................................................................................................................... 2

3.2 Assembly Language .......................................................................................... 2

3.3 Loaders and Linkers......................................................................................... 2

3.4 Compilers........................................................................................................... 2

4 Operating System ....................................................................................................... 2

4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 2

Memory Management .................................................................................................. 2

4.2 Process Management ........................................................................................ 3

4.3 File System Management ................................................................................. 3

4.4 Device Management.......................................................................................... 3

5 Computer Networks.................................................................................................... 4

5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 4

Motivation...................................................................................................................... 45.2 Network Topology............................................................................................. 4

5.3 The OSI Model: layered approach.................................................................. 4

5.4 Important routing devices................................................................................ 4

5.5 Network types.................................................................................................... 4

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Infosys LDD forComputer Hardware and System Software Concepts

ER/CORP/CRS/OS09/019 Version No. 2.0 1

1 Computer Hardware and System Software Concepts

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Computer Architecture

1.1.2 Systems Software

1.1.3 Governing the resources

1.1.4 Connecting the computers together

2 Fundamentals of Computer Architecture

2.1 Introduction

Organization of a small computer

Central Processing Unit(CPU)

2.1.1 Execution Cycle of an Instruction

2.1.2 Instruction Categories

2.1.3 Measure of CPU Performance

2.2 Memory

2.2.1 Comparison of types of memory

2.3 Input/Output(I/O) Devices

2.4 Bus

2.5 Addressing Modes

2.5.1 Implied Addressing

2.5.2 Immediate Addressing

2.5.3 Direct or Absolute Addressing

2.5.4 Relative Addressing

2.5.5 Indexed Addressing

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2.5.6 Indirect Addressing

3 System Software

3.1 Introduction

Assemblers

3.2 Assembly Language

3.2.1 Symbolic References

3.2.2 Assembly Language Format

3.2.3 Single Pass and Two Pass Assembler

3.3 Loaders and Linkers

3.3.1 Types of loaders

3.3.2 Types of linkers

3.4 Compilers

3.4.1 Introduction

3.4.2 Phases in a compiler

3.4.3 Interpreters

4 Operating System

4.1 Introduction

Memory Management

4.1.1 Single Contiguous Allocations

4.1.2 Fixed Partitioned Allocation

4.1.3 Variable Partitioned Allocation

4.1.4 Relocatable Partitioned Allocation

4.1.5 Simple Paged Allocation

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4.1.6 Demand Paging

4.1.7 Page Replacement Algorithms

4.1.8 Case Study: MS-DOS vs. Unix

4.2 Process Management

4.2.1 Introduction

4.2.2 Structure of a process

4.2.3 Process states and state transitions

4.2.4 Multiple Processes

4.2.5 Definition of basic concepts

4.2.6 Scheduling

4.2.7 Threads

4.2.8 Case Study: MS-DOS vs. Unix

4.3 File System Management

4.3.1 Introduction

4.3.2 Types of File System

4.3.3 MS-DOS file system

4.3.4 UNIX file system

4.3.5 NTFS

4.4 Device Management

4.4.1 Introduction

4.4.2 I/O channels, interrupts and interrupt handling

4.4.3 Structure of an I/O system

4.4.4 Allocation Policy

4.4.5 Case Study: MS-DOS vs. UNIX

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5 Computer Networks

5.1 Introduction

Motivation

5.1.1 What is a computer network?

5.1.2 Why do we need computer networks?

5.1.3 Examples of computer networks

5.2 Network Topology

5.2.1 Topology Evaluation Criteria

5.2.2 Complete Topology

5.2.3 Star Topology

5.2.4 Ring Topology

5.2.5 Linear Bus

5.3 The OSI Model: layered approach

5.3.1 What is in store for me in a computer network?

5.3.2 Layers illustrated with examples

5.4 Important routing devices

5.5 Network types

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