Launching the New Government

1789 - 17961789 - 1796

George George WashingtonWashington

What were these two leaders referring to What were these two leaders referring to in these quotations? in these quotations?

“My station is new; and if I may use the “My station is new; and if I may use the expression, I walk on untroden ground.” expression, I walk on untroden ground.”

- President G. Washington- President G. Washington

“We are in the wilderness without a “We are in the wilderness without a single footstep to guide us.” - single footstep to guide us.” -

Congressman James MadisonCongressman James Madison

Both leaders were referring to the Both leaders were referring to the fact that the office of President, and fact that the office of President, and in fact, the entire government, was in fact, the entire government, was new. No one knew exactly what to new. No one knew exactly what to do or exactly how things were do or exactly how things were supposed to work!supposed to work!

Where did the new government Where did the new government meet? Building and city.meet? Building and city.

• Federal Hall, New York City(the temporary capital)

List 3 practices (precedents) List 3 practices (precedents) established with Washington’s established with Washington’s presidency that remain part of presidency that remain part of our government today. our government today.

The precedents are:The precedents are:

• Set up Cabinet

• Sent treaties to the Senate for approval

• Served 2 terms

• Added ‘so help me God’ to the oath of office

• Using the title “Mr. President”

During Washington’s During Washington’s presidency the nation faced presidency the nation faced several foreign and several foreign and domestic problems. What domestic problems. What were the problems and were the problems and solutions?solutions?

The National DebtThe National Debt

• The amount of money the government owed was growing…the government owed money to other countries and U.S. citizens who helped in the Revolutionary War.

• Hamilton said we should pay off our foreign creditors first.

• Citizens bought bonds that would later mature… leads to speculators.

The National Bank and Hamilton’s PlanThe National Bank and Hamilton’s Plan

• Hamilton wants to pay off bonds sold during the Revolution at original value instead of their matured rates.

• Hamilton also wants the creation of a national bank (the Bank of the U.S.) which would be owned by the government and private investors

Hamilton's Financial Structure Hamilton's Financial Structure Supported by Revenues Supported by Revenues

( No you do not have to copy this! )( No you do not have to copy this! )

The National Bank and Hamilton’s PlanThe National Bank and Hamilton’s Plan

• Hamilton proposed a tariff (tax on imports) to encourage people to buy American; protecting American goods by making imported goods expensive.

• Hamilton also proposed a variety of national taxes, including one on whiskey.

• Hamilton was in favor “spirit of the law” and Jefferson favored “letter of the law”

The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

• Hamilton’s tax on whiskey led to a rebellion in western Pennsylvania…most farmers in this area lived by bartering (exchanging whiskey and other goods for items they needed)…they did not have cash to pay for anything, let alone a whiskey tax

The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

• In July of 1794, 500 people armed with pitchforks, swords, and guns, attacked tax collectors and burned down buildings

• Pres. Washington led an army of about 13,000 to put down the rebellion (the rebellion died as soon as Washington and his army crossed the Appalachian Mtns.)

The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion

• The Whiskey Rebellion and Washington’s response to it made it clear that if citizens were unhappy with a law, they needed to go about changing it peacefully.

NeutralityNeutrality

• Britain and France went to war (again!) in 1793…some in the U.S. wanted to side with France, some wanted to side with Britain

• Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality—this document prohibited Americans from fighting in the war and barred British and French warships from U.S. ports

ImpressmentImpressment

• In response to French attacks at sea, British ships began seizing U.S. merchant ships that traded with the French

• The British also began forcing the crews of U.S. merchant ships into the British navy

• This practice of impressment greatly angered the American gov’t and people and pushed the U.S. closer to a war with Great Britain

Washington chose not to Washington chose not to run for President a third run for President a third time. What three major time. What three major ideas did he share in his ideas did he share in his Farwell address that Farwell address that influenced America for influenced America for many years?many years?

*Political parties will hurt the new *Political parties will hurt the new nationnation

*Treat other nations well….*Treat other nations well….

*….but avoid permanent alliances *….but avoid permanent alliances

John AdamsJohn Adams1796 - 18001796 - 1800

During Adams During Adams presidency he faced presidency he faced several problems several problems between the U.S. and between the U.S. and countries like England countries like England and France. We are and France. We are being forced to make being forced to make decisions. What decisions. What happened and how did happened and how did it affect the U.S.?it affect the U.S.?

XYZ AffairXYZ Affair

• The French, upset by a treaty between the The French, upset by a treaty between the U.S. and Britain (Jay’s Treaty), start seizing U.S. and Britain (Jay’s Treaty), start seizing U.S. shipsU.S. ships

• Adams sends a delegation to France in an Adams sends a delegation to France in an effort to avoid wareffort to avoid war

• The U.S. delegation is shocked to learn the The U.S. delegation is shocked to learn the French won’t speak or meet with them, and in French won’t speak or meet with them, and in fact, have demanded a bribe and a loan from fact, have demanded a bribe and a loan from the U.S.the U.S.

XYZ AffairXYZ Affair

• The U.S. refuses and Adams is The U.S. refuses and Adams is ANGRY!!ANGRY!!

• Adams refers to the 3 French agents Adams refers to the 3 French agents as X,Y, and Z, and urges Congress to as X,Y, and Z, and urges Congress to prepare for warprepare for war

Alien and Sedition Acts Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)(1798)

• The Alien Act gave the President the The Alien Act gave the President the power to deport aliens (immigrants) power to deport aliens (immigrants) he considered dangerous.he considered dangerous.

• The Sedition Act made it a crime to The Sedition Act made it a crime to speak, write, or publish ‘false, speak, write, or publish ‘false, scandalous, or malicious’ criticisms scandalous, or malicious’ criticisms of government, Congress, or the of government, Congress, or the PresidentPresident

Alien and Sedition Acts Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)(1798)

• At this time, the Federalists (who At this time, the Federalists (who mostly sided with the British), held mostly sided with the British), held Congress.Congress.

• These acts were passed because These acts were passed because many immigrants from Europe sided many immigrants from Europe sided with France and supported the with France and supported the RepublicansRepublicans

Peace with FrancePeace with France

• In 1800, the French agreed to a treaty In 1800, the French agreed to a treaty with the U.S. and war is avoidedwith the U.S. and war is avoided

• While this was best for the U.S., it hurt While this was best for the U.S., it hurt Adams chance for reelection…part of Adams chance for reelection…part of his party had wanted war, part of it his party had wanted war, part of it didn’t…the Federalists won’t be a didn’t…the Federalists won’t be a unified force against the Republicansunified force against the Republicans

FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS• Hamilton (people Hamilton (people

are basically selfish are basically selfish and need gov’t to and need gov’t to restrain them)restrain them)

• Strong central gov’tStrong central gov’t

• Industrial economy, Industrial economy, manufacturingmanufacturing

• Wanted regulation Wanted regulation of trade of trade

• Gov’t aid to business, Gov’t aid to business, but no regulation of but no regulation of businessbusiness

• Pro-British, anti-FrenchPro-British, anti-French• Responsive to creditors Responsive to creditors

(people who loan (people who loan money to others)money to others)

• Created national bankCreated national bank• Loose interpretation of Loose interpretation of

the Constitutionthe Constitution

DEMOCRATIC-DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANSREPUBLICANS

• Jefferson (people are Jefferson (people are generally good and generally good and capable of self-gov’t)capable of self-gov’t)

• Limit federal gov’t Limit federal gov’t (favor states’ rights)(favor states’ rights)

• Encourage western Encourage western expansion expansion

• Agricultural societyAgricultural society

• ‘‘common man’ can common man’ can rule rule

• Strict interpretation of Strict interpretation of the Constitutionthe Constitution

• No gov’t help or rules No gov’t help or rules for business (laissez-for business (laissez-faire---hands off)faire---hands off)

• Pro-French, anti-BritishPro-French, anti-British

• Responsive to debtors Responsive to debtors (people who owe (people who owe money to others)money to others)

Even though Alexander Even though Alexander Hamilton never became Hamilton never became president, he was one of president, he was one of the most important the most important founding fathers. What founding fathers. What happened to him in happened to him in 18041804? ?

• Burr believed that Hamilton caused Burr believed that Hamilton caused him to lose the race for governor of him to lose the race for governor of New YorkNew York

• Hamilton was shot by Aaron Burr in a Hamilton was shot by Aaron Burr in a duel in July 1804duel in July 1804

• Hamilton died of his woundsHamilton died of his wounds

• Burr fledBurr fled

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson 1801 - 18091801 - 1809

How was the election of 1800 How was the election of 1800 similar to elections today?similar to elections today?

The election of 1800 between The election of 1800 between Jefferson and Adams was a nasty Jefferson and Adams was a nasty one. one.

Many insults and nasty statements in Many insults and nasty statements in newspapers…not unlike the TV newspapers…not unlike the TV commercials and bumper stickers of commercials and bumper stickers of today.today.

Called the Revolution of 1800Called the Revolution of 1800

Why was it so difficult for Jefferson Why was it so difficult for Jefferson to win the election?to win the election?

Jefferson and Burr each won 73 electoral Jefferson and Burr each won 73 electoral votes….during this time, the candidate votes….during this time, the candidate with the most electoral votes became with the most electoral votes became President, and the candidate finishing President, and the candidate finishing second became Vice-Presidentsecond became Vice-President

Because there was a tie, the House of Because there was a tie, the House of Reps. was to choose the next PresidentReps. was to choose the next President

It took It took 36 36 votes in the House before votes in the House before Jefferson won the PresidencyJefferson won the Presidency

Why was the transfer of power to Jefferson Why was the transfer of power to Jefferson unique when compared to other changes in unique when compared to other changes in

leadership in the world?leadership in the world?

Jefferson took over peacefully. There Jefferson took over peacefully. There was no violence or chaos (as often was no violence or chaos (as often happens in the world when a new happens in the world when a new party takes over)party takes over)

In Thomas Jefferson’s inaugural In Thomas Jefferson’s inaugural address he said, “We are all address he said, “We are all

republicans, we are all federalists.” republicans, we are all federalists.” What was he trying to say and do?What was he trying to say and do?

Jefferson is trying to play down his Jefferson is trying to play down his differences with the Federalists.differences with the Federalists.

He wants to draw the Federalists into He wants to draw the Federalists into the Republican party (in hopes that the Republican party (in hopes that eventually, all parties would eventually, all parties would disappear)disappear)

The very first Supreme The very first Supreme Court case to show that they Court case to show that they could use Judicial Review could use Judicial Review was? What is judicial was? What is judicial review?review?

*Judicial review: deciding whether *Judicial review: deciding whether the nation’s laws are constitutional the nation’s laws are constitutional (in agreement with the Constitution)(in agreement with the Constitution)*The first case in which the *The first case in which the Supreme Court exercised judicial Supreme Court exercised judicial review was review was Marbury v. MadisonMarbury v. Madison

One of Jefferson’s greatest One of Jefferson’s greatest accomplishments was the accomplishments was the

Louisiana Purchase. How did we Louisiana Purchase. How did we get it and why was Jefferson torn get it and why was Jefferson torn about his ability to purchase the about his ability to purchase the

land?land?

The United States bought the Louisiana The United States bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million Territory from France for $15 million dollarsdollars

Jefferson was torn about his ability to Jefferson was torn about his ability to make this purchase because he had a make this purchase because he had a strict interpretation of the strict interpretation of the Constitution…he believed you could not Constitution…he believed you could not read between the lines…the gov’t only read between the lines…the gov’t only has the powers that are listed (and the has the powers that are listed (and the power to buy land is NOT listed!)power to buy land is NOT listed!)

Hence the use of “Implied Powers”Hence the use of “Implied Powers”

Why was the Louisiana Purchase Why was the Louisiana Purchase so important for our countryso important for our country

Doubled the size of the U.S.Doubled the size of the U.S. Secured American control of the Secured American control of the

Mississippi River & New OrleansMississippi River & New Orleans Got France out of North AmericaGot France out of North America Gave U.S. control of a lot of natural Gave U.S. control of a lot of natural

resourcesresources Created a buffer zone between us and a Created a buffer zone between us and a

powerful army at our back door.powerful army at our back door.

What area did the Louisiana What area did the Louisiana Purchase cover?Purchase cover?

The Louisiana Purchase covered the The Louisiana Purchase covered the area from the Mississippi River to the area from the Mississippi River to the Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains

Think “Mr. Mimal”Think “Mr. Mimal”

Jefferson faced several foreign Jefferson faced several foreign problems (impressements too!). problems (impressements too!). What others did he face?What others did he face?

The Barbary PiratesThe Barbary Pirates

The Barbary Coast states of N. Africa The Barbary Coast states of N. Africa demanded tribute (money for demanded tribute (money for protection) from ships passing protection) from ships passing through the Mediterraneanthrough the Mediterranean

War with TripoliWar with Tripoli

In 1801, the ruler of Tripoli asks for In 1801, the ruler of Tripoli asks for more tribute…Jefferson refuses and more tribute…Jefferson refuses and the ruler declares war on the U.S. by the ruler declares war on the U.S. by cutting down the flag pole in the cutting down the flag pole in the embassy. embassy.

The U.S. tries to blockade Tripoli, but The U.S. tries to blockade Tripoli, but we aren’t powerful enoughwe aren’t powerful enough

War with TripoliWar with Tripoli

In 1804, the U.S. warship In 1804, the U.S. warship PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia is is captured and put into Tripoli’s harbor…the captured and put into Tripoli’s harbor…the captain and the crew are imprisonedcaptain and the crew are imprisoned

Stephen Decatur and a raiding party that Stephen Decatur and a raiding party that escaped imprisonment snuck into Tripoli and escaped imprisonment snuck into Tripoli and set fire to the Philadelphia to prevent its use set fire to the Philadelphia to prevent its use by piratesby pirates

Negotiations end the conflict in 1805…there Negotiations end the conflict in 1805…there will be no more tribute paid, but the U.S. had will be no more tribute paid, but the U.S. had to pay $60,000 for release of U.S. prisonersto pay $60,000 for release of U.S. prisoners

Neutral RightsNeutral Rights

A nation not involved in a conflict A nation not involved in a conflict had the right to sail the seas and not had the right to sail the seas and not take sidestake sides

America remained neutral for 2 years America remained neutral for 2 years while Britain and France continued to while Britain and France continued to fight….but both Britain and France fight….but both Britain and France get fed up with the neutrality of the get fed up with the neutrality of the U.S.U.S.

Embargo ActEmbargo Act

Passed in 1807 to punish Britain for Passed in 1807 to punish Britain for impressment of U.S. citizens and attack on impressment of U.S. citizens and attack on the the ChesapeakeChesapeake..

This act banned imports from and exports This act banned imports from and exports to to ALLALL foreign nations foreign nations

That is the U.S. would not use other That is the U.S. would not use other nations as go betweensnations as go betweens

The idea was to hurt Britain but avoid warThe idea was to hurt Britain but avoid war Big mistakeBig mistake

James James Madison Madison

1809 - 18171809 - 1817

Several things helped Several things helped bring us to war…describe bring us to war…describe them in your own words.them in your own words.

Non-intercourse Act (1809)Non-intercourse Act (1809)

Replaced the Embargo Act…opened trade Replaced the Embargo Act…opened trade with all nations except France and Great with all nations except France and Great Britain (and their possessions)Britain (and their possessions)

Problems on the frontierProblems on the frontier

In response to settlers wanting more Native American In response to settlers wanting more Native American land, Tecumseh (a Shawnee chief), creates an alliance land, Tecumseh (a Shawnee chief), creates an alliance of Native American nationsof Native American nations

Tecumseh hopes to stop white movement into Native Tecumseh hopes to stop white movement into Native American lands with the help of the BritishAmerican lands with the help of the British

Tecumseh’s brother, the Prophet, attracts a huge Tecumseh’s brother, the Prophet, attracts a huge following by preaching a return to Native American following by preaching a return to Native American ways (no more guns, alcohol, or western dress) ways (no more guns, alcohol, or western dress) known as known as Cultural RevitalizationCultural Revitalization

The Battle of TippecanoeThe Battle of Tippecanoe

Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, is Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, is worried about the power of Tecumseh’s worried about the power of Tecumseh’s confederacyconfederacy

In 1811, Harrison attacks Prophetstown In 1811, Harrison attacks Prophetstown (village founded by the Prophet) and defeats (village founded by the Prophet) and defeats the Native Americansthe Native Americans

In response, Tecumseh joins forces with the In response, Tecumseh joins forces with the British (exactly what the Americans did not British (exactly what the Americans did not want him to do)want him to do)

The War HawksThe War Hawks

A group of Congressmen from the west and A group of Congressmen from the west and south that called for more aggressive policies south that called for more aggressive policies toward the Britishtoward the British

Pressured Madison to declare warPressured Madison to declare war

Why should the War of 1812 have Why should the War of 1812 have never been fought?never been fought?

The British ended their policy of impressment The British ended their policy of impressment before the U.S. declared war….Madison just before the U.S. declared war….Madison just didn’t know it (super snail mail!!)didn’t know it (super snail mail!!)

Results of the war that increased Results of the war that increased U.S. strengthU.S. strength

An outpouring of national pride (many felt this An outpouring of national pride (many felt this was a second Revolutionary War)was a second Revolutionary War)

““The Star Spangled Banner”The Star Spangled Banner” European countries finally recognized the European countries finally recognized the

independence of the U.S. and left us alone…independence of the U.S. and left us alone…we could focus on problems at home nowwe could focus on problems at home now

Ended in a truce and we returned to the status Ended in a truce and we returned to the status quoquo

Explain the two things that Explain the two things that became increasingly became increasingly important to the important to the Republicans and how their Republicans and how their values changed as a result values changed as a result of the War of 1812.of the War of 1812.

European nations finally recognize the independence European nations finally recognize the independence of the U.S.—this allows us to focus on issues at homeof the U.S.—this allows us to focus on issues at home

There was an outpouring of national pride…all There was an outpouring of national pride…all sections of the U.S. begin working together to build a sections of the U.S. begin working together to build a stronger nationstronger nation

The Republicans learned that a strong central The Republicans learned that a strong central government and industrialization were important government and industrialization were important for national securityfor national security

Their values changed….Their values changed….FromFrom ToTo

agrarianismagrarianism industrializationindustrialization

narrow interpretationnarrow interpretation broad interpretation broad interpretation of Constitution of Constitution of Constitutionof Constitution

limited federallimited federal strong central strong central

governmentgovernment government government

states’ rightsstates’ rights nationalismnationalism

James James Monroe Monroe

1817 - 18251817 - 1825

Convention of 1818Convention of 1818

An agreement with Britain that set An agreement with Britain that set the boundary between the U.S. and the boundary between the U.S. and Canada at the 49Canada at the 49thth parallel…it was a parallel…it was a demilitarized border (no armed demilitarized border (no armed forces)forces)

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

U.S. gets E. Florida from Spain and U.S. gets E. Florida from Spain and gives up claims on W. Floridagives up claims on W. Florida

U.S. gives up claims to Spanish Texas U.S. gives up claims to Spanish Texas and the border between the U.S. and and the border between the U.S. and Spanish possessions in the West is Spanish possessions in the West is setset

The most important thing he did The most important thing he did was called the Monroe Doctrine. was called the Monroe Doctrine.

What is it and why is it so What is it and why is it so important?important?

The Monroe Doctrine was a statement The Monroe Doctrine was a statement about the involvement of European about the involvement of European countries in the Western Hemispherecountries in the Western Hemisphere

We would no longer be considered the We would no longer be considered the junior partner to Great Britain.junior partner to Great Britain.

There were 2 important There were 2 important ideas:ideas:

NoncolonizationNoncolonization----basically telling basically telling Europe to stay out of North America Europe to stay out of North America and leave new Latin American and leave new Latin American countries alone too. That is that they countries alone too. That is that they could not colonize the area.could not colonize the area.

NoninterventionNonintervention--the U.S. will not --the U.S. will not interfere with the internal concerns interfere with the internal concerns of Europe.of Europe.

Monroe is basically Monroe is basically telling Europe that our telling Europe that our

interests are more interests are more important in North important in North America that theirs America that theirs

are…stay out!!are…stay out!!

Nationalism and The Nationalism and The Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings

Why did the United States feel Why did the United States feel especiallyespecially good about itself in good about itself in the years between 1815 and the years between 1815 and 1825?1825?

The U.S. was proud of itself for standing The U.S. was proud of itself for standing up to Britain againup to Britain again

We earned the respect of EuropeWe earned the respect of Europe All parts of the U.S. are working together All parts of the U.S. are working together

in a single unit to strengthen the nation.in a single unit to strengthen the nation. There was an increase in the role of the There was an increase in the role of the

central government’s powercentral government’s power Things were going really well for us Things were going really well for us

economically, socially and politically.economically, socially and politically.

How was the Federal How was the Federal government and economy government and economy strengthened through strengthened through laws as well as through laws as well as through Supreme Court decisions Supreme Court decisions during this era?during this era?

The government was The government was strengthened through:strengthened through:

Tariff of 1816—protected Tariff of 1816—protected American industryAmerican industry

Bank of the U.S. was re-charteredBank of the U.S. was re-chartered

* We used the money we got to * We used the money we got to improve the infrastructure (roads, improve the infrastructure (roads, canals, railroads and bridges)canals, railroads and bridges)

And ….And ….

Military expansion—West Point, Military expansion—West Point, enlarged navy, and standing army of enlarged navy, and standing army of 10,00010,000

The economy was strengthened by The economy was strengthened by promotion of a free market economy, promotion of a free market economy, capitalism.capitalism.

Through court decisions (supremacy of Through court decisions (supremacy of federal power kept the government out federal power kept the government out of business, which is called of business, which is called Laissez Laissez fairefaire, by stressing a broad , by stressing a broad interpretation of the Constitution)interpretation of the Constitution)

Describe (not list) the Describe (not list) the three “revolutions” three “revolutions” that took place that took place during this era and during this era and tell how they helped tell how they helped strengthen the strengthen the nation.nation.

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Factories, interchangeable parts Factories, interchangeable parts (mass production), cotton gin (mass production), cotton gin (helped strengthen the economy (helped strengthen the economy by lessening the dependence on by lessening the dependence on foreign factories)foreign factories)

Samuel SlatterSamuel Slatter Eli WhitneyEli Whitney

Industry and Industry and AgricultureAgriculture

Transportation Transportation RevolutionRevolution Steamboat, National Road, Steamboat, National Road,

railroad, Erie Canal (helped the railroad, Erie Canal (helped the U.S. develop a national market U.S. develop a national market economy…we could get economy…we could get goods/ideas around farther and goods/ideas around farther and faster than before)faster than before)

Robert FultanRobert Fultan

Cumberland (National) Road Cumberland (National) Road and Main Connectionsand Main Connections

Erie Canal and Main Erie Canal and Main Branches Branches

Principle Canals in Principle Canals in 1840 1840

The Railroad The Railroad Revolution Revolution

Education RevolutionEducation Revolution

A national language was created A national language was created to bond the U.S., dictionaries, to bond the U.S., dictionaries, spellers, textbooks (helped spellers, textbooks (helped discourage discourage sectionalismsectionalism))

Noah WebsterNoah Webster Horance MannHorance Mann

For February11th:For February11th:

DA 7.26 – Was the Missouri Compromise DA 7.26 – Was the Missouri Compromise a good solution to the debate between a good solution to the debate between slave and free state? Explain your slave and free state? Explain your answer! (DA’a due tomorrow!)answer! (DA’a due tomorrow!)

Stamp WSStamp WSGo over WSGo over WSMonroe videoMonroe videoODWMODWMAdams Jefferson Madison MonroeAdams Jefferson Madison Monroe

How Others Saw UsHow Others Saw Us

What did Frances Trollope think of What did Frances Trollope think of the behavior of Americans?the behavior of Americans?

Trollope believed Americans had no Trollope believed Americans had no manners, bad posture, and women wore manners, bad posture, and women wore too much make-up.too much make-up.

We were rude, unmannered, socially inept.We were rude, unmannered, socially inept.A basic throwback to the caveman.A basic throwback to the caveman.Needless to say, she did dislike America Needless to say, she did dislike America

and Americans.and Americans.

Why would she be biased about Why would she be biased about Americans?Americans?

Trollope was used to a totally different Trollope was used to a totally different social scene…England had long standing social scene…England had long standing traditions about how people should act traditions about how people should act and what they should say…and what they should say…

She had a dress shop that failed and She had a dress shop that failed and blamed it on the lack of America blamed it on the lack of America sophistication .sophistication .

Summarize Crevecoeur’s definition of the Summarize Crevecoeur’s definition of the new American. What made our nation great?new American. What made our nation great?

Lack of a rigid social structure.Lack of a rigid social structure. Americans respected laws, laws applied Americans respected laws, laws applied

equally to equally to allall in the U.S. in the U.S. This country is made up of individuals from This country is made up of individuals from

all different nations…it is a new race of all different nations…it is a new race of men.men.

Crevecoeur does see some signs of Crevecoeur does see some signs of selfishness in slavery and the lawlessness selfishness in slavery and the lawlessness of the frontierof the frontier

What did Harriet Martineau say of American What did Harriet Martineau say of American society that is still true today?society that is still true today?

Americans talk too much (and too Americans talk too much (and too loud); want to be flatteredloud); want to be flattered

Americans are very aware of opinions Americans are very aware of opinions of others and seek them out.of others and seek them out.

Individualism is respected, but many Individualism is respected, but many Americans are conformists.Americans are conformists.

US tends to be hypocritical. US tends to be hypocritical.

List four features that Alexis de Tocqueville List four features that Alexis de Tocqueville chose to describe as characteristics of chose to describe as characteristics of American society.American society.

Lack of class distinction (poor today, rich Lack of class distinction (poor today, rich tomorrow!)tomorrow!)

There is a quest for perfectionThere is a quest for perfectionAmericans have a new attitude toward Americans have a new attitude toward

womenwomenPublic opinion rules American thoughtPublic opinion rules American thought

Do any of these still apply Do any of these still apply to our country today?to our country today?