Months of the Year:  Iānuārius, Februārius, Mārtius, Aprīlis, Māius, Iūnius, Iūlius, Augustus, September, Octōber, November, December.  Old names:  Quīntīlis – July, Sextīlis – August. Other things:“-ne” – ending that makes a question “-que” – ending that means “and” Little words: ā/ab/abs – from, away from, of, since, by (prep + abl)       ad – to, toward, by, at, near, until (prep + acc)                  adhūc - so far, till now, stilladversus/-um (+acc) - toward, againstAequē - equallyain' - you don’t say? really?aliquandō - oncealiquantum a good deal (meaning a lot of)Aliquī, aliqua, aliquod - someAliquis, aliquid - someone, somethingAliquot - some, several (indeclinable – ending doesn’t change)aliter otherwisealterum tantum twice as muchan - orante – in front of, before (adverb or prep + accusative)        anteā before, formerlyantehāc formerlyantequam - beforeapud – beside, near, by (prep + acc)at - butatque/ac - and, as, than                                      Attat/atat – Oh! (surprise, fear)Aut – or                                                                         autem – but, however                             bene - wellbis - twicebrevī sooncertē - certainly, at any ratecertō for certaincēterum besides, however – ETC. (et cētera)circā prp +acc aroundcirciter - aboutcircum – around, round (prep + acc)                                cis prp +acc on this side ofcitrā prp +acc on this side ofcontinuō immediatelycontrā – against (prep +acc)cōram (+abl) in the presence ofcotīdiē - every daycrās - tomorrowcum – with (used as prep + abl); when, as (used as conjunction)cum prīmum (+perfect) - as soon asCūr – why?                                                                    dē prp +abl - (down) from, of, about                     deciēs - ten timesdeinde/dein - afterward, thendēmum - at last, onlydēniquefinally, at lastdēnuō anew, againdeorsum adv downdiū, comparative diūtius – long (time)diūtius – longer, still longer

domī - at home (locative of “domus”)domum - homedōnec - as long asDum - while, as long as, tilldummodo provided that, if onlydumtaxat only, justē/ex – out of, from, of, since (prep + ablative)                   Ecce – see! Look! Behold!                      ēia/hēia – ah! Ah ha! Good! (joy/surprise), quick! Come on! (haste) (ēia age! Come on!)ēn look, here isenim – because eō - to that place, thereequidem - indeed, for my part (= ego quidem, I indeed)ergā (+acc) - towardergō - therefore, so                                             Et – and                                                                        Et…et – both…andetenim and indeed, forEtiam – also, even, yet                                                   etiam atque etiam - again and againetiamnunc - stillEtsī - even if, althougheuax! – hurray!extrā prp +acc - outsideferē about, almostforās adv- outforīs adv- outside, out of doorsforsitan perhaps, maybefortasse - perhaps, maybeforte - by chancefrūstrā in vainfunditus to the bottom, utterlyhaud notherī - yesterdayHeu - o! alas!Heus - hey! hello!Hīc – here                                             Hinc - from here, hencehodiē - todayhūc here, to this placehumī (locative) - on the groundiam – already, now                                                         ibi thereideō for that reasonigitur - therefore, then, soillīc – there illinc from thereillūc there, thither (to that place)Immō – no, on the contrary                                             In – in/on (w/ablative), into/onto (w/accusative)                                          inde from there, thenceīnfrā prp +acc - belowinter – between, among, amidst (preposition + accusative); inter sē - (with) one anotherinterdum now and thenintereā - meanwhileinterim - meanwhileintrā prp +acc inside, withinintus insideita - so, in such a wayItaque – therefore                                                          

item - likewise, alsoiterum - again, a second timeiūre justly, rightlyiūxtā (prp +acc) next to, besidelibenter with pleasure, gladlylongē - far, by farmagis - moremale - badly, ill                                                  māne - morning, in the morning (can be indeclinable [unchanging] noun or adverb)māximē - most, especiallymēcum = cum meminimē - by no means, not at allmodo - only, justmodo…modo now…nowmox - soonmultō + comp - much, by farmultum –ī, n - much (used w/genitive)Nam – for/because; ending “-nam” - …ever?namque because – basically same as “nam” – ignore “que”nē quidem not evennē that not, lest, thatnē…quidem not evenNec = neque                                                                  nec vērō - but notnec/neque ūllus - and nonec/neque umquam and nevernecesse est - it is necessarynēmō, nēminī, nēminem - no one, nobodyNeque – and…not (more rarely, but…not – see nec vērō)                                      neque/nec quisquam and no oneNeque…neque – neither…nor                                          neu v. nē-ve/neunēve/neu and (that) not, nornihil/nīl - nothingNimis – too, too much                                        nimium too muchnisi - if not, except, butnōlī, nōlīte + another infinitive - don’t…!  Example:  nōlī portāre = don’t carry! (to 1 person).  Nōn – not                                                                      nōndum - not yetNōnne – question word - expects “yes” answer.    nōnnūllī -ae -a some, severalnōnnumquam sometimesnūllō modō - by no meansNum – question word - expects “no” for an answerNumquam - nevernunc - nownūper recentlynūper recentlyO! – oh! (calling on someone)      ob (prp +acc) on account ofōlim once, long ago, “once upon a time”opus est - it is neededpaene nearly, almostPapae – Great! Wow! Ouch! (delight, surprise, pain)parum too little, not quitepaulisper - for a short timepaulō + comp, ante/post - a littlepaulum - a little, littlePer – through, by, during (preposition + acc)                               

plānē plainly, clearlyplērīque plēraeque plēraque - most, most peopleplērumque mostlyPost – behind, after, later (adverb or preposition + accusative)posteā afterward, laterposthāc from now on, hereafterpostquam - after, sincepostrēmō - finallypotius ratherprae prp +abl before, forpraecipuē especially, above allpraeter  - past, besides, except (prep + acc)praetereā - besidesprīdem - long agoprīdiē the day beforeprīmō at firstprīmum – first (adverb)prius adv beforepriusquam beforeprō prp +abl for, instead ofProcul – far (from), far away                                            profectō - indeed, certainlyPrope – near, nearby (adverb or preposition + accusative)propter (+acc) - because ofproptereā thereforeprōtinusat onceQuam (other use) – how, as, than; quam + superlative: as…as possiblequamdiū how long, (as long) asquamobrem whyquamquam - althoughquandō - when, asquantum -ī n how much, (as much) as (acts like noun)quāpropter whyquārē - whyquasi as, like, as ifquater - four timesQuia – because                         quid – new meanings – “how?” “why?” (also means “what?”)quīdam quae- quod- a certain, somequidem indeed, certainlyquidnī why notquidquam – anything; neque/nec quidquam          and nothingquidquid whatever, anything thatquīn why not, do…!quīnquiēs - five timesquisnam, quidnam who/what ever?quisquam anyonequisque, quaeque, quodque - eachquisquis whoever, anyone whoQuō (other use) – where to?                                            Quod (other use) – because                    quōmodo - howquoniam as, sinceQuoque – also/too                                                          Quot – how many?                                 quotannīs every yearquotiēs - how many timesrārō - rarely, seldomrepente suddenlyrūrī loc in the country

saepe - oftenSalvē! – Hello! (Good health!  Be well!)                             sānē - certainly, quiteSatis – enough, ratherscīlicet of course (it’s known)Sē – himself / herself / itself                                            sēcum = cum sesecundum prp +acc alongSed – but                                              semel - oncesemper - alwayssēsē himselfseu = sīvesexiēs - six timessī - ifsīc - in this way, so, thussīcut just as, assimul - together, at the same timesimul atque (+perf) - as soon assīn but ifSine – without (prep + ablative)                                        sīquidem seeing that, sincesīve/seu - or, or ifsīve…sīve - whether…orsōlum – only                                         statim - at oncesub (prep +abl/acc) - under, near (abl w/verbs of rest, acc w/verbs of motion)subitō suddenlysuper - prp +acc - on (top of), above; prp +abl - on, aboutsuprā (prep + acc / adverb) - abovesūrsum up, upwardTam – so, as                                                                 tamdiū so long, as longtamen - nevertheless, yettamquam as, liketandem at length, at lasttantum -ī n so muchtantundem just as muchtēcum = cum teter - three timestot - so manytotiēs - so many timestrāns prp +acc across, overtum - thentunc - thenTuxtax – sound effect for spanking/beating                       Ubi – where?ubi prīmum +perfect - as soon asubīque - everywhereultrā prp +acc beyondumquam everūnā - togetherUnde – from where?ūsque - up (to), all the timeut - (alone) like, as; (as conjunction) that, in order that, toutinam - I wish that, if only…!utrum…an …or…? whether…orvaldē strongly, very (much)valē, valēte - farewell, goodbye-ve or

vel - orvelut like, asvērō - really, however, butversus: ad…versus – towardvērum – but, truly, yesvesperī - in the eveningvix - hardly, scarcely Numbers:  See chart in grammar section! Nouns:  (Vocābulum, Vocābulum Genetīvum, masc/fem/neut.)aciēs aciēī f line of battleadmīrātiō admīrātiōnis f wonder, admirationAdulēscēns, adulēscentis m - young manaedificium -ī n buildingaequinoctium -ī n - equinoxāēr, āeris m – air                                               aestās, aestātis f - summeraetās aetātis f ageaffectus -ūs m mood, feelingager agrī m fieldagmen agminis n army on the march, fileagnus -ī m lambagricola -ae m farmer, peasantāla -ae f - wingaltum -ī n - the open seaAmāns, amantis, m - loverAmīca, -ae, f – girlfriend                                      amīcitia -ae f friendshipAmīcus, -ī, m - friendamnis -is m riverAmor, amōris m - loveamphitheātrum -ī n amphitheaterAncilla, -ae, f – female servant/slave                    anima, -ae f - breath, life, soul                             animal, animālis n - animal, living beinganimus -ī m mind, soul, spiritannus -ī m - yearānulus, -ī, m - ringanus -ūs f old womanapis, apis f – bee Aqua, ae, f – water                                             aquila, -ae f – eagle                                            arānea -ae f spider, cobwebarātor arātōris m plowmanarātrum -ī n ploughArbor, arboris, f – tree                                         arcus -ūs m – bow                                                         argentum -ī n silverarma, armōrum n pl – arms (weapons)ars artis f art, skillas, assis, m - as (copper coin)asinus -ī m - ass, donkeyātrium, -ī, n – main room, hall                 audācia -ae f boldness, audacityaureus, -ī, m - gold piece (coin)aurīga -ae m charioteer, driverauris, auris, f – ear                                             aurum -ī n - gold

autumnus -ī m - autumnauxilia, auxiliōrum n pl auxiliary forcesauxilium -ī n help, assistanceavis, avis, avium f – bird                                      avunculus -ī m - (maternal) uncle                         baculum, -ī, n. – cane, staff (special stick)           balneum -ī n bath, bathroombāsium -ī n kissbellum -ī n – war                        beneficium -ī n benefit, favorbēstia -ae f - beast, animalbēstiola -ae f - small animal, insectbonum -ī n good, blessingbōs bovis m/f - oxbracchium -ī n - armcachinnus -ī m laugh, guffawcaedēs -is f killing, slaughterCaelum, -ī, n - sky, heavencalamus -ī m - reed, pencalceus -ī m - shoecalida, ae, f – hot watercalor calōris m warmth, heatCampus, -ī, m – plain (flat area of land)                Canis, -is, m or f - dogcantus -ūs m singing, musiccapillus -ī m – hair                                             Capitulum, -ī, n. – chapter                      caput, capitis, n - head, chief, capitalcarcer, carceris m prisoncardō, cardinis m door pivot, hingecarmen -inis n song, poemcarō carnis f flesh, meatcastra, castrōrum n pl – camp                                        cāsus -ūs m fall, casecatēna -ae f - chaincauda -ae f – tail                                                causa -ae f - cause, reason  (causā + genitive (/meā) - for the sake of)cēna -ae f dinnercēra -ae f - waxcerebrum -ī n – brain                                          certāmen certāminis n contest, fightcharta -ae f - paperCibus, -ī, m – food                                             circēnsēs -ium m pl games in the circuscircus -ī m circle, orbit, circuscīvis, cīvis m/f - citizen, countrymanClāmor, clāmōris, m - shout, shoutingclassis classis f - fleetclāvis, clāvis f - keycocus -ī m cookcognōmen, cognōminis n – surname       cohors cohortis f cohortCollis, -is, m – hill                                              colloquium -ī n - conversationCollum, -ī, n – neck                                            colōnus -ī m (tenant-) farmercolor, colōris m - colorcolumna -ae f - columncomes, comitis m - companioncōmoedia -ae f comedy

comparātiō comparātiōnis f comparisoncondiciō condiciōnis f conditionconiūnx, coniugis m/f - consort, wifecōnsilium -ī n advice, decision, intention, plancōnsonāns, cōnsonantis f - consonantcōnspectus -ūs m - sight, viewconvīva -ae m/f guestconvīvium -ī n dinner-partycōpia -ae f abundance, lot, supplycor, cordis n – heart                                           cornū, cornūs n - horncorpus, corporis n - bodycruor, cruōris m - blood, a stream of bloodcrūs, crūris n – leg                                             crux crucis f crosscubiculum, -ī, n. – bedroom                    culīna -ae f kitchenculter, cultrī, m - knifecūnae -ārum f pl - cradlecupiditās, cupiditātis f desirecūra -ae f care, anxiety, concerncurrus -ūs m - chariotcursus -ūs m race, journey, coursedea -ae f - goddessdēliciae -ārum f pl delight, petdelphīnus -ī m dolphindēnārius -ī m - denarius (silver coin)Dēns, dentis, m - toothdeus -ī m, pl deī/diī/dī – a god (Deus = God)dictum -ī n saying, wordsdiēs, diēī m (f) - day, dateDigitus, -ī, m - fingerdiscipulus, -ī, m - pupil, discipledīvitiae -ārum f pl richesdolor, dolōris m - pain, grief – DOLORES (name), DOLEFULDomina, ae, f – mistress (as in female master), Madam, ownerDominus, -ī, m.  – master, owner, Sir                  domus -ūs f, abl domō - house, homedōnum -ī n - gift, presentdorsum -ī n backdux ducis m - leader, chief, general                                 ēnsis -is m swordepigramma -atis n epigramepistula -ae f - letter (written to someone)eques, equitis m – horseman                  equitātus -ūs m – cavalry                                               Equus, -ī, m – horse                              erus -ī m - masterExemplum, -ī, n.  – example                               exercitus -ūs m – army                          exitus -ūs m - exit, way out, endexpugnātiō, expugnātiōnis f conquestfaber, fabrī m - artisan, smithfābula -ae f - story, fable, playfaciēs, faciēī f - facefactum -ī n - deed, actfalx falcis f sicklefāma -ae f rumor, reputationfamēs famis f hunger, famineFamilia, ae, f – family                            

fātum -ī n fate, destiny, deathfēlīcitās -ātis f good fortune, luckFēmina, -ae, f. – woman                                     Fenestra, ae, f – window             fera -ae f - wild animal                                         ferrum -ī n - iron, steelfidēs -eī f trust, faith, loyaltyfidēs -ium f pl lyrefidēs, fidēī, f trust, faith, belief, honesty, guarantee, proof, promise/assurancefidēs, fidis, f string (of musical instrument), lyre, lyric poetryfidicen -inis m lyre-playerFīlia, ae, f – daughter                                         fīliola -ae f - little daughterfīliolus -ī m - little sonFīlius, -ī, m. – son                                 fīlum -ī n - threadfīnis, fīnis m - boundary, limit, end                                   flōs, flōris m - flowerflūctus -ūs m – wave (of water)flūmen -inis n - riverFluvius, -ī, m. – river                                           folium -ī n – leaf                                                 foris, foris f - leaf of a door, doorfōrma -ae f - form, shape, figurefortūna -ae f fortuneforum -ī n - square, forum (city square)fossa -ae f - ditch, trench                        frāter, frātris m – brother                                                 fretum -ī n straitfrīgus frīgoris n coldfrōns, frontis f – forehead                                    frūgēs frūgum f plural fruit, cropsfrūmentum -ī n corn, grainfuga -ae f flightfulgur, fulguris n - flash of lightningfundus -ī m bottomfūr -is m thieffūrtum -ī n theftgallus -ī m - roostergaudium -ī n joy, delightGemma, -ae, f – gem, precious stone, jewelgena -ae f - cheekgēns gentis f nation, peoplegenū, genūs, n - kneegenus generis nkind, sortGeōgraphia, -ae, f. – geography                          glaciēs, glaciēī f - icegladiātor gladiātōris m gladiatorgladius -ī m – sword                               glōria -ae f - glorygradus -ūs m - step, degreeGraecus, -ī, m. – a Greek                       grammatica, -ae, f.  – grammar                           grātia -ae f - favor, gratitude:

genitive + grātiā - for the sake of, grātiam habēre - be grateful, grātiās agere thankgremium -ī n lapgrex gregis m flock, herd, bandgubernātor, gubernātōris m - steersmanhasta -ae f – lance                                                         Herba, -ae, f - grass, herb                                  

hiems, hiemis f - winterholus holeris n vegetablehomō -inis m - human being, personhōra -ae f - hourhortus, -ī, m – garden                             hospes hospitis m guest, guest-friendhostis, hostis, hostium m – enemy          humus –ī, f – ground (note:  2nd declension FEMININE)iactūra -ae f throwing away, lossiānitor, iānitōris m - doorkeeper - JANITORiānua, -ae, f - doorīdūs -uum f pl - 13th/15th (of the month), idesiecur, iecoris n – liver                                          ignis ignis m fireimāgō, imāginis f - picture – IMAGE, IMAGINEimber, imbris m - rain, showerimperātor imperātōris m (commanding) generalimperium, -ī, n.  – empire                                    impetus -ūs m - attack, charge                                       impluvium, -ī, n – water basin                  incola -ae m/f inhabitantindex, indicis, m - list, catalogueīnfāns -antis m/f - little child, baby Īnferī -ōrum m pl the underworldingenium -ī n nature, characterinimīcus, -ī, m – (personal) enemy                      initium -ī n - beginninginiūria -ae f injustice, wronginopia -ae f lack, scarcityĪnscrīptiō, īnscrīptiōnis f inscriptionīnstrūmentum -ī n tool, instrumentīnsula, -ae, f.  – island                            invidia -ae f envyīra -ae f angeriter itineris n journey, march, wayiūs iūris n right, justiceiuvenis iuvenis m young mankalendae -ārum f pl - the 1st (of the month)kalendārium –ī, n - calendarlabor labōris m work, toillabrum -ī n - liplabyrinthus -ī m - labyrinthlac lactis n - milklacertus -ī m (upper) armlacrima, -ae, f – tear (from eye)                            lacus -ūs m - lakelaetitia -ae f joylāna -ae f woollatus, lateris n - side, flank - LATERALlaus laudis f - praiselectīca, -ae, f – litter, sedan                    lectulus -ī m - (little) bedlectus -ī m - bed, couch                                      lēgātus -ī m envoy, delegatelegiō legiōnis f legionleō, leōnis m - lionlēx lēgis f lawlibellus -ī m little booklibellus -ī m little bookliber, librī, m. – book                                         

līberī, -ōrum, m. plural – children lībertās lībertātis f freedom, libertylībertīnus -ī m freedmanlignum -ī n - woodlīlium, -ī, n – lily                                                 līmen, līminis n - threshold - PRELIMINARYLīnea, ae, f – string, linelingua -ae f - tongue, language                             littera, -ae, f.  – letter (pl.: an epistle; literature)     lītus, lītoris n beach, shorelocus -ī m (singular) – place.  loca -ōrum n (plural) - regions, parts. NOTE: masc in sing, neut in pllucerna -ae f lamplucrum -ī n profit, gainlūdus, -ī, m - play, game, schoollūna -ae f - moonLupus, -ī, m - wolflūx lūcis f - light, daylightmagister, magistrī, m - schoolmaster, teachermaleficium -ī n evil deed, crimemālum, -ī, n - applemalum, -ī, n - evil, trouble, harmmamma, ae, f – mommy                                     manus -ūs f – hand mare, maris n – sea                                           Margarīta, -ae, f - pearlmarītus -ī m - husbandmāter, f. – mother                                              māteria -ae f - material, substancemātrōna -ae f - married womanmē (acc) – me                                       medicus -ī m - physician, doctor                         medium -ī n middle, centermel mellis n honeymembrum -ī n - limbmemoria -ae f memorymendum -ī n - mistake, errormēns mentis f mindmēnsa secunda - dessertmēnsa, ae, f – table                                           mēnsis, mēnsis m – month (can be i-stem, but isn’t always)mentiō mentiōnis f mentionmercātor, mercātōris m - merchantmercēs, mercēdis f - wage, fee, rentmerīdiēs, merīdiēī m - midday, noon, southmerum -ī n neat (undiluted) winemerx, mercis f - commodity, pl goodsmetus -ūs m – fear                                 mīles, mīlitis m – soldier                                                            minister ministrī m servantModus, -ī, m - manner, way                                moenia -ium n pl - wallsMōns, montis, m - mountainmōnstrum -ī n - monstermora -ae f - delaymors mortis f - deathmōs mōris m custom, usagemulier, mulieris f - womanmultitūdō multitūdinis f large number, multitudemundus -ī m world, universemūnus mūneris n gift

mūrus, -ī, m. – wall                                Mūsa -ae f Musenārrātiō, nārrātiōnis f narrativenāsus, -ī, m. – nose                                           nātūra -ae f naturenauta -ae m - sailornāvicula -ae f boatnāvigātiō -ōnis f sailing, voyagenāvis -is f - shipnegōtium -ī n business, activitynex necis f - killing, murdernīdus -ī m – nest                                               nix nivis f - snownōmen, nōminis n – name                      nōnae -ārum f pl - 5th/7th (of the month)nota -ae f mark, signnox noctis f - nightNūbēs, -is, f – cloud                                           nūgae nūgārum f pl idle talk, rubbish (not as in physical garbage!), nonsensenumerus, -ī, m. – number                       nummus, -ī, m. – coin                                        nūntius -ī m - messenger, messagenūtrīx, nūtrīcis f - nursenux nucis f nutoccidēns, occidentis m - westōceanus, -ī, m. – ocean                         ocellus -ī m (little) eyeoculus, -ī, m. – eye                                            odium -ī n hatredofficium -ī n - duty, taskopera -ae f effort, painsopēs opum f pl (3rd decl) - resources, wealthoppidum, -ī, n.  – town                            opus operis n workōra -ae f - border, coastōrātiō ōrātiōnis fspeechorbis terrārum the worldorbis, orbis m circle, orbitōrdō ōrdinis m row, rank, orderoriēns, orientis m - eastōrnāmentum, -ī, n – ornament, jewel, piece of jewelryos ossis n - bone - OSSIFYōs, ōris n – mouth                                             ōsculum, -ī, n – a kiss                                        ōstiārius, -ī, m.  – doorkeeper, porter                   ōstium, -ī, n.  – door, entrance                ōtium -ī n leisureOvis, ovis, ovium, f - sheepōvum -ī n – egg                                                  pābulum -ī n fodder, animal foodpaenīnsula -ae f peninsulapāgina, ae, f – page pallium -ī n - cloak, mantle – PALL, PALLBEARERpalma -ae f palmPānis, -is, m - bread, loaf                                   papyrus (macron on y) -ī f – papyrus (note that it’s feminine)parentēs, parentum, masc plural - parentsparricīda -ae m parricide (murder of a parent or close relative)pars, partis f - part, direction                                           passer passeris m sparrow

passus -ūs m - pace (1.48 m)                 Pāstor, pāstōris, m - shepherdpater, m. – father                                               patientia -ae f forbearance, patiencepatria -ae f - native country/town                                      pāx pācis f peacepectus, pectoris n - breast, chestpecūlium -ī n money given to slavespecūnia, ae, f – money                           pecus pecoris n livestock, sheep, cattlepedes, peditis m - foot-soldier                 penna -ae f featherpēnsum, -ī, n.  – exercise, task                          perīculum -ī n danger, perilperistylum, -ī, n – peristyle                     persōna, ae, f – character, person, personality     pēs pedis m - footpetasus -ī m – hat                                              phantasma, phantasmatis n ghost, apparitionpila -ae f - ballpīlum -ī n - spear, javelin                                     pīrāta -ae m piratepirum, -ī, n – pear                                  piscātor -ōris m fishermanpiscis, piscis, piscium m – fish                           pōculum -ī n - cup, glass                                    poena -ae f punishment, penaltypoēta -ae m/f poetpopulus -ī m people, nationporcus -ī m - pigporta, -ae, f – gate                                              portus -ūs m - harborpotestās, potestātis f powerPōtiō, pōtiōnis f drinking (noun), drinkpraedium -ī n estatepraedō, praedōnis m robber, piratepraemium -ī n reward, prizepraenōmen, praenōminis n - first name    precēs precum f plural prayersPretium, -ī, n – price, valueprīnceps, prīncipis m chief, leaderprīncipium -ī n beginningproelium -ī n battleprōmissum -ī n - promiseprōvincia, -ae, f.  – province                                 pudor, pudōris m - (sense of) shamepuella, -ae, f – girl                                              puer, puerī, m. – boy                                          pugna -ae f - fightpugnus -ī m – fist                                                           pulchritūdō, pulchritūdinis f - beauty  pullus -ī m - young (of an animal)pulmō, pulmōnis m – lung                                  puppis -is f - stern, poopquālitās quālitātis f qualityquantitās quantitātis f quantity, sizerāmus -ī m - branch, boughratiō ratiōnis f reasonratis -is f raftregiō regiōnis f region, district

rēgula -ae f – ruler (as in for measuring & drawing straight lines), rule, standard, model, principlerēmus -ī m oarrēs, reī, f - thing, matter, affairrespōnsum -ī n - answerrēte -is n netrēx rēgis m - kingrīpa -ae f (river)bankrīsus -ūs m laughter, laughRīvus, -ī, m - brook, creek, stream                      Rōmānus, -ī, m. – a Roman                   Rosa, ae, f – rose                                              Rūmor, rūmōris m rumorrūs rūris n the country(side)Sacculus, -ī, m. – little bag, sack                                    Saccus, -ī, m. – bag, sacksacerdōs sacerdōtis m/f priest, priestesssaeculum -ī n - centurysagitta -ae f – arrow                                sāl salis m salt, witsalūs, salūtis f - safety, well-beingsalūs, salūtis, f – health, safety, well-beingsanguis, sanguinis, m - bloodsaxum -ī n - rockScaena, ae, f – scene                            scalpellum -ī n scalpel, surgical knifescamnum -ī n stoolscelus sceleris n crimescūtum -ī n – shield                                                       sella, -ae, f - stool, chairsēmen sēminis n seedsenex senis m old mansententia -ae f - opinion, sentenceseptentriōnēs, septentriōnum m pl - northsermō, sermōnis m - talk, conversationservitūs, servitūtis f slaveryServus, -ī, .m – slave/servant                              Sēstertius, -ī, m – sesterce (coin)significātiō significātiōnis f meaning, sensesignum -ī n - sign, seal, statuesilentium -ī n - silenceSilva, -ae, f – forestsinus -ūs m fold (of toga)sitis sitis f thirstSōl, sōlis, m – sun                                            solum -ī n - soil, ground, floorsomnus -ī m - sleepsonus -ī m - sound, noise - SONOROUSsordēs, sordium f pl - dirtsoror -ōris f – sister                                speciēs -ēī f appearance, aspect, sortspectātor spectātōris m spectatorspeculum, -ī, n – mirror                                      spēs -eī f hopestēlla -ae f - starstilus -ī m – stylus (pen-shaped stick for writing with)stipendium -ī n soldier's pay, servicestrepitus -ūs m noise, dinstudium -ī n interest, studysupplicium -ī n (capital) punishmentsyllaba, -ae, f.  – syllable

tabella -ae f - writing-tablettabellārius -ī m letter-carrierTaberna, -ae, f – shop, stall                                 Tabernārius, -ī, m - shopkeepertabula, -ae, f.  – board/plank/door panel, writing tablet, game/counting board, written documenttalentum -ī n talent (a Greek weight / unit of currency)tata, -ae m - daddytaurus -ī m bulltē (acc) – you                                                    tēctum -ī n - rooftempestās, tempestātis f - stormtemplum -ī n - templetempus, temporis n - timetenebrae -ārum f pl darknesstergum, -ī, n - backTerra, -ae, f - earth, ground, countrytestis -is m/f witnesstheātrum -ī n theatertībiae -ārum f pl flutetībīcen, tībīcinis m flute-playerTimor, timōris, m – fear                                      titulus, -ī, m – title, heading, labeltoga -ae f - togatonitrus -ūs m - thundertranquillitās, tranquillitātis f calmnesstrīclīnium -ī n dining-roomtrīstitia -ae f sadnesstumultus -ūs m - uproar – TUMULTUOUS tunica -ae f - tunicturba -ae f throng, crowdtyrannus -ī m tyrantUmbra, -ae, f - shade, shadowumerus, -ī, m – shoulder                         urbs, urbis f - cityūva -ae f grapeuxor, uxōris f - wifevalētūdō valētūdinis f healthVallis, -is, f – valley                                            vāllum -ī n – rampart                                                      vās vāsis n (acts like 3rd in singular), plural vāsa vāsōrum (acts like 2nd in plural) - vessel, bowlvēlum -ī n - sailvēna -ae f – vein                                     venter, ventris m - belly, stomachventus -ī m - windvēr, vēris n - springverbera, verberum (3rd) n pl - lashes, floggingVerbum, -ī, n – verb                                            versiculus -ī m short verseversus -ūs m - line, versevesper, vesperī m - eveningVestīgium, -ī, n - footprint, tracevestīmentum -ī n - garment, clothingvestis, vestis, f - clothes, clothVia, -ae, f – road, way, path, street                      victor victōris m, adi conqueror, victoriousvictōria -ae f victoryvigilia -ae f night watch (I-IV)Vīlla, -ae, f – villa, house (in countryside) vīnea -ae f vineyardvīnum -ī n wine

vir, -ī, m.  - manvīrēs vīrium f pl strengthvirga, -ae, f - rodvirgō, virginis f - maiden, young girlvirtūs virtūtis f valor, couragevīs, acc vim, abl vī, f - force, violence, powerviscera, viscerum n pl - internal organsvīta -ae f lifevītis, vītis f vinevocābulum, -ī, n.  – word, nounvōcālis, vōcālis f - vowelvoluntās voluntātis f – will (volition)vorāgō, vorāginis f abyss, whirlpoolvōx vōcis f – voice                      vulnus vulneris n woundvultus -ūs m - countenance, facezephyrus -ī m - west wind Adjectives:  absēns, absentis - absentācer ācris ācre keen, active, fierceacerbus -a -um sour, bitteracūtus -a -um sharpadversus -a –um - contrary, unfavorableAeger, aegra, aegrum - sick, ill                            aegrōtus -a -um sickaequus -a –um - equal, calmAlbus, -a, -um – white                                        aliēnus -a –um - someone else’salius … alius - one…another, some…othersalius, alia, aliud - other, anotheralter, altera, alterum - one, the other, secondalter…alter - the one…the otheraltus -a –um - high, tall, deep                                          Amīcus, -a, -um – friendly                       amoenus -a -um lovely, pleasantangustus -a –um - narrowAntīquus, -a, -um – old, ancient                          apertus -a –um - openarduus -a -um steepargenteus -a -um silver-, of silverarmātus -a –um - armedasinīnus -a -um ass’sāter, ātra, ātrum - black, darkattentus -a -um attentiveaudāx audācis adi bold, audaciousaureus -a -um of gold, gold- (chemistry: symbol Au)avārus -a -um greedy, avariciousbarbarus -a –um - foreign, barbarian                                 beātus -a –um - happybellus -a -um lovely, prettybīnī -ae -a two (each)Bonus, -a, -um – good                            brevis –e - shortcaecus -a -um blindcalidus -a –um - warm, hot, f hot watercandidus -a -um - white, brightcārus -a -um dear, costlycautus -a -um cautiousceler celeris celere swift, quick

celsus -a -um tallcentēsimus -a –um - hundredthcertus -a –um - certain, surecēterī, ceterae, cetera – other, remaining                         circēnsis -e of the circusciterior -ius (comparative) - nearerclārus -a –um - bright, clear, loudclaudus -a -um lameclausus -a –um - closed, shutclēmēns clēmentis mild, lenientcommūnis -e commoncomplūrēs, complūra (plural) severalcōnstāns, cōnstantis - steady, firmcontrārius -a –um - opposite, contrarycrassus -a –um - thick, fat                                  crūdēlis -e cruelcruentus -a -um blood-stained, bloodycūnctus -a -um whole, pl allcupidus -a -um (+gen) desirous (of), eager (for)dēbilis -e weakdēnī -ae -a ten (each)dexter -tra -trum - right, of the right (hand)difficilis –e (superlative difficillimus) - difficult, harddignus -a –um - worthydīligēns, dīligentis - careful, diligentdīmidius -a –um - halfdīrus -a -um dreadfuldīves, dīvitis - rich, wealthydoctus -a –um - learned, skilleddubius -a -um undecided, doubtfuldulcis -e sweetdūrus -a –um - hardēbrius -a -um drunkēgregius -a -um outstanding, excellentexiguus -a –um - small, scantyfacilis -e, (superlative facillimus) - easyfallāx -ācis adi deceitfulfalsus -a –um - falsefēlīx -īcis adi fortunate, luckyferōx -ōcis adi fierce, ferociousferreus -a -um of iron, iron- - (chemistry: symbol Fe)fertilis -e fertileferus -a –um – wildFessus, -a, -um – tired, weary                 fīdus -a -um faithful, reliableFoedus, -a, -um – ugly, hideous                          Fōrmōsus, -a, -um – beautiful                 fortis –e - strong, brave                                                   frequēns, frequentis - numerous, frequent frīgidus -a –um - cold, chilly, coolfugitīvus -a -um runawayfutūrus -a -um - futuregeminus -a -um twinGemmātus – set with a jewel                              Geōgraphicus, -a, -um – geographical      gladiātōrius -a -um gladiatorialglōriōsus -a –um - glorious, boastfulgracilis –e - slenderGraecus, -a, -um – Greekgrātus -a -um pleasing, grateful

gravida (feminine adj) pregnant (you could say “gravidus, a, um” – uses 1st decl chart)gravis –e - heavy, severe, gravehorrendus -a -um dreadfulhūmānus -a –um - humanhumilis –e - lowidōneus -a -um fit, suitableignārus -a -um ignorant, unawareignōtus -a -um unknownimmātūrus -a -um unripeim-mortālis -e immortalimpār, impairs - unequalimpatiēns impatientis impatientimpiger, impigra, impigrum - active, industriousImprobus, -a, -um – bad, rebellious, unruly, restless, willful, cruel, merciless, disloyal, rudeīmus -a -um - lowestincertus -a -um  - uncertainincolumis -e unharmed, safeinconditus -a -um unpolished, roughindignus -a –um - unworthy, shamefulindoctus -a –um - ignorantindustrius -a –um - industriousindūtus (+abl) - dressed ininermis -e unarmedinexspectātus -a -um unexpectedīnfēlīx īnfēlīcis unlucky, unfortunateīnferior, inferius - lower, inferiorīnferus -a –um - lowerīnfēstus -a -um unsafe, infestedīn-fidus -a -um faithlessīnfimus -a -um sup lowestingēns ingentis adi huge, vastinhūmānus -a -um inhumaninimīcus, -a, -um – unfriendly                              in-iūstus -a -um unjust, unfairinteger, integra, integrum - undamaged, intact – INTEGRAL, INTEGERinternus -a -um inner, internalinvalidus -a -um infirm, weakiocōsus -a -um humorous, funnyīrātus, -a, -um – irate, angry, mad           iūcundus -a –um - pleasant, delightfuliūstus -a -um just, fairLaetus, -a, -um – happy                                      laevus -a –um - left (as in left hand, left side – not as in “left behind”)largus -a –um - generousLatīnus, -a, -um – Latin                          lātus -a –um - broad, wide                                              legiōnārius -a -um legionary (pertaining to a legion)levis –e - light, slightlīber lībera līberum freeligneus -a –um - woodenLongus, -a, -um – long                                        maestus -a -um sad, sorrowfulmagnificus -a –um - magnificent, splendid  Magnus, -a, -um – bigmāior, māius – comparative of magnus - bigger, olderMalus, -a, -um – bad, wicked, evil                        maritimus -a –um - sea-related, coastalmātūrus -a -um ripemāximus -a –um - biggest, greatest, oldestMedius, -a, -um – mid, middle

melior, melius – comparative of bonus - bettermellītus -a -um sweetmercātōrius -a -um merchant-merus -a -um pure, neat, undilutedmeus, -a, -um – mine                                         mīlitāris -e militaryminimus -a –um – superlative of parvus - smallest, youngestminor, minus – comparative of parvus - smaller, youngerminus, minōris - lessmīrābilis -e marvelous, wonderfulmīrus -a -um surprising, strangemisellus -a -um poor, wretchedmiser, misera, miserum - unhappy, miserablemolestus -a –um - troublesomemollis –e - softmortālis -e mortalmortuus -a -um – dead                                       Multī, -ae, a (plural) – many                    mundus -a –um - clean, neatmūtus -a -um dumb (unable to speak)mūtuus -a -um on loan: mūtuum dare/sūmere lend/borrownātus -a -um (from verb nāscī) – born  (XX annōs nātus  - 20 years old)necessārius -a –um - necessaryneglegēns -entis carelessnēquam (unchanging – no endings; superlative nēquissimus) worthless, badneuter, neutra, neutrum - neitherNiger, nigra, nigrum - blacknimius -a -um too bigniveus -a -um snow-whitenōbilis -e well known, famousnōnāgēsimus -a -um ninetiethNoster, nostra, nostrum - our, ours                      nōtus -a -um knownnovus, -a, -um – new                                          nūbilus -a -um cloudynūdus -a –um - nakednūllus, -a, -um – no, none                       obscūrus -a –um - darkomnis –e - all, everyoptimus -a –um – superlative of bonus - best, very goodōtiōsus -a -um leisured, idlepallidus -a –um - palepār paris - equal – PARITY, DISPARITYparātus -a -um readyparvulus -a –um - little, tinyparvus, -a, -um – small                                       patiēns -entis adi patientpaucī, -ae, a (plural) – few                       pauper, pauperis - poorpecūniōsus, -a, -um – wealthy                            pēior, pēius – comparative of malus - worseperīculōsus -a -um dangerous, perilousperpetuus -a -um continuous, permanentperterritus -a –um - terrifiedpessimus -a -um – superlative of malus - worstpiger, pigra, pigrum - lazyplānus -a –um - plain, clear, flatPlēnus, -a, -um – full (of) (+ genitive/ablative)Plūrālis – plural                                                 plūrēs, plūra – comparative of multus - more

plūrimī -ae –a – superlative of multus - most, a great manyplūs plūris - morepoēticus -a -um poeticalposterior, posterius - back-, hind-, laterposterus -a -um next, followingpostrēmus -a –um – last (superlative)praesēns praesentis presentprāvus -a –um - faulty, wrongpretiōsus -a -um preciousprior, prius - first, former, front-prīvātus -a -um privateProbus, -a, -um – good, honest, upright, virtuous, decentpropinquus -a -um near, closeproprius -a -um own, properproximus -a -um superlative nearestprūdēns, prūdentis - prudent, cleverpūblicus -a -um public, State-Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum – beautiful, fine           pūrus -a –um - clean, purequadrāgēsimus -a -um fortiethquālis –e - what sort of, (such) asQuantus, -a, -um – how large, as large asquaternī -ae -a four (each)quiētus -a –um - quietquīnī -ae -a five (each)rapidus -a -um rushing, rapidrārus -a –um - rarerēctus -a –um - straight, correctreliquus -a -um remaining, leftrīdiculus -a -um ridiculousRōmānus, -a, -um – Romanruber, rubra, rubrum - redrudis -e crude, rudeRūrsus, -a, -um – back(wards), again, on the contrary, on the other hand, in turn, once morerūsticus -a -um rural, rustic, farm-relatedsaevus -a -um fierce, cruelsalvus -a -um safe, unharmedsānus -a –um - healthy, well                               sapiēns sapientis wisescaenicus -a -um theatricalscelestus -a -um criminal, wickedsēnī -ae -a six (each)serēnus -a –um - clear, cloudlesssērius -a -um serioussevērus -a –um - stern, severesiccus -a -um dry – DESSICANT, DESSICATORsimilis -e similar, likeSingulāris – singularsingulī -ae -a one (each), eachsinister, sinistra, sinistrum - left, of the left (hand)situs -a –um - situatedSōlus, -a, -um – alone, only, lonely                     sordidus -a –um - dirty, mean, basestudiōsus -a -um (+gen) interested (in)stultus -a –um - stupid, foolishsubitus -a -um suddensuburbānus -a -um near the citysummus -a -um sup highest, greatestsuperbus -a -um haughty, proudsuperior -ius (comparative) - higher, upper, superior

superus -a –um - uppersurdus -a -um deafSuus, -a, -um – his/her/its owntacitus -a –um - silenttālis –e - suchTantus, -a, -um – so much, so great, so big, so little, to such an extent, of such sizetardus -a -um slow, latetemerārius -a -um recklesstenebricōsus -a -um darktenuis, tenue – thin                                            ternī -ae -a three (each)terribilis -e terribletimidus -a -um fearful, timidtogātus -a –um - wearing a togatōtus, tōta, tōtum – whole, the whole of, alltranquillus -a –um - calm, stilltrīcēsimus -a -um thirtiethtrīnī -ae -a three (each)trīstis -e  - sad                                                                turbidus -a –um - agitated, stormyturgid(ul)us -a -um swollenturpis –e - ugly, foultūtus -a -um safeTuus, -a, -um – yoursūllus, ūlla, ūllum - anyulterior -ius (comparative) - farther, more distantultimus -a -um (superlative) - most distant, lastūmidus -a –um - wet, moistūnī, -ae, -a one (each)ūniversus -a -um the whole of, entireurbānus -a -um of the city, urbanuter, utra, utrum – either, which (of two)uterque, utraque, utrumque - each of the two, bothVacuus, -a, -um - emptyvalidus -a –um - strongvarius -a –um - varied, differentvēlōx -ōcis adi swift, rapidvenustus -a –um - charmingvērus -a –um - true, in truthvester -tra –trum - your, yoursvetus veteris oldvīlis -e cheapvīvus -a –um - living, alive Grammatical Words:  Ablātīvus, -a, -um – ablative (case)                      Accūsātīvus, -a, -um – accusative (case) āctīvum (genus) – active                         adiectīvum (nōmen) – adjective   adverbium -ī n – adverbcomparātīvus (gradus) - comparative                    coniūnctiō – conjunction (little word that connects other words: and, but, as, because, etc.)coniūnctīvus (modus) – subjunctive (mood)Datīvus, -a, -um – dative (case)                           Dēclīnāre – to decline, inflect                  Dēclīnātiō, –ōnis, f – declensiondēpōnentia – deponent (verbs)Fēminīnus, -a, -um – feminine (gender)                Genetivus, -a, -um – genitive (case)         gerundium -ī n/ gerundīvum -ī n - gerund/gerundive

Imperātīvus, -a, -um – imperative (verbs)  imperfectum (tempus praeteritum) - imperfectindēclinābile (vocābulum) - indeclinableIndicātīvus, -a, -um – indicative / normal (verbs)īnfīnītīvus (modus) – infinitiveLocātīvus, -a, -um – locative (case)                     Masculīnus, -a, -um – masculine (gender)Neuter, neutra, neutrum – neuter (gender)            Nōminātīvus, -a, -um – nominative (case)participium –ī n  - participlePassīvum (genus) – passive                                perfectum (tempus praeteritum)   - perfectplūsquamperfectum (tempus praet.) pluperfect tensePraepositiō, -ōnis, f – preposition            praesēns (tempus)         present tensepraeteritum (tempus)      preterite, past tense, imperfect tensePrōnōmen, -inis, n. – pronoun                             superlātīvus (gradus) - superlativesupīnum - supinetempus (verbī) – tense (of a verb)tempus futūrum – future tenseVocātīvus, -a, -um – vocative (case)                                            Verbs:  Abdūcō, abdūcere, abdūxī, abductus - take away, carry offAbeō, abīre, abīvī, abitus – go awayaberrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus wander away, strayabiciō, abicere, abiēcī, abiectus - throw awayabstineō, abstinēre, abstinuī, abstentus - keep offAbsum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus – be absent (not here)                   accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessūrus - approach, come near – ACCESS, ACCEDEaccendō, accendere, accendī, accēnsus - light, inflameaccidō, accidere, accidī, --- happen, occurAccipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus – receive, acceptaccubō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - recline at tableaccumbō, accumbere, accubuī, - lie down at tableAccurrō, accurrere, accurrī, accursus - come running                               Accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – accuseaddō, addere, addidī, additus - addAdeō, adīre, adīvī, aditus – go to, approachadiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectus - addadiungō, adiungere, adiunxī, adiunctus - join to, add, apply/bestowadiuvō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - helpadmīror, admīrārī, admirātus sum - admire, wonder atadmittō, admittere, admīsī, admissus - let in, admit - ADMISSIONadnectō, adnectere, adnexuī, adnexus - attach, connectadōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - worship, adoreAdsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus – be present (here)                     advehō, advehere, advexī, advectus - carry, convey (to)Adveniō, advenīre, advēnī, adventūrus – arriveAedificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - buildAegrōtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - be ill                          aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - value, estimateafferō, afferre, attulī, allātus - bring (to, forward, about) (also ad-ferō, ad-ferre, etc.)afficiō, afficere, affēcī, affectus - affect, stiraffirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - assert, affirmage, agite (imperative of agō, agere) – Come on!  Well, now!Agō, agere, ēgī, āctus – do, drive, perform, discuss (with dē), live / spend time, + other meaningsāiō (I say) ais (you say) ait (he/she/it says) āiunt (they say) - sayalliciō, allicere, allēxī, allectus - attract

alō, alere, aluī, altus - feedAmbulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – walkāmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissus - loseAmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – love, likeanimadvertō, animadvertere, animadvertī, animadversus - noticeAperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertus – open, discloseappāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritus - appearappellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - call, addressappōnō, appōnere, apposuī, appositus - place (on), serveapportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - bringapprehendō, apprehendere, apprehendī, apprehēnsus - seizeappropinquō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (+dat) - approach, come neararbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum - think, believe - ARBITRATEarcessō, arcessere, arcessīvī, arcessītus - send for, fetch                        armō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - arm, equiparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - plowascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascēnsus - climb, go up, mount     aspergō, aspergere, aspersī, aspersus - sprinkle, scatter (on)aspiciō, aspicere, aspexī, aspectus – look (at)audeō, audēre, ausus sum (irregular) - dare, ventureAudiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus – hear                                           Auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātus carry off, take awayAufugō, aufugere, aufūgī, aufugitūrus run away, escapeaugeō, augēre, auxī, auctus - increaseāvertō, āvertere, āvertī, āversus - turn aside, avert – AVERT, AVERSIONBālō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - bleatBibō, bibere, bibī, --- – drink                                cadō, cadere, cecidī, casūrus – fall                                             caedō, caedere, cecidī, caesus - beat, fell, killcanō, canere, cecinī, cantus - sing (of), crow, play                       Cantō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – sing                             capiō, capere, cēpī, captus - take, catch, capturecareō, carēre, caruī, --- (+abl) - be without, lackCarpō, carpere, carpsī, carptus –  gather, pick, take, seize, pluck caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautus - beware (of) - CAUTIOUScēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessūrus - go, withdraw – CONCESSIONcēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - dine, have dinnercēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsus – think, appreciate, valuecernō, cernere, crēvī, crētus - discern, perceivecertō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - contend, fightcessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - leave off, ceasecingō, cingere, cīnxī, cīnctus - surroundcircumdō, circumdare, cirdumdedī, circumdātus - surroundcircumsiliō, circumsilīre, ---, --- - hop aboutClāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – shoutClaudō, claudere, clausī, clausus – close, shut                            coepiō, coepī, coeptus – to begin (defective verb – don’t use it until you’ve seen it a lot)cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - thinkcognōscō, cognōscere, cognōvī, cognitus - get to know, recognizecōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus - compel, forcecolloquor, colloquī, collocūtus sum - talk, conversecolō, colere, coluī, cultus - cultivatecomitor, comitārī, comitātus sum (or comitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus) – accompany commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - mentioncomparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – compare complector, complectī, complexus sum - hug, embracecompleō, complēre, complēvī, complētus - fill, completecomputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - calculate, reckoncōnficiō, cōnficere, cōnfēcī, cōnfectus make, accomplishCōnfīdō, cōnfīdere, confīsus sum +dat trust (deponent in last part only)

cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, confessus sum - confessconiungō, coniungere, coniunxī, coniunctus - join, connectcōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum - attempt, trycōnscendō, cōnscendere, conscendī, conscensus - mount, boardcōnsequor, cōnsequī, cōnsecūtus sum follow, overtakecōnsīdō, cōnsīdere, cōnsēdī / cōnsīdī, cōnsessus - sit downCōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, cōnstitūrus – stop, haltcōnsōlor, cōnsōlārī, cōnsōlātus sum - comfort, consolecōnspiciō, cōnspicere, cōnspexī, conspectus - catch sight of, see (pass: to be noticed, admired)Cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtus - fix, decideCōnstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – cost, be fixed (at), stand still, agree, correspond, stand firm                    cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, --- (used with “ex”) - consist of (used w/abl of price to mean “to cost”)cōnsūmō, cōnsūmere, cōnsūmpsī, cōnsūmptus spend, consumecontemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptus - despise, scorncontineō, continēre, continuī, contentus - containcontrahō, contrahere, contrāxī, contrāctus - draw together, wrinkleconturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - mix up, confoundConveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventūrus – come together, meet (ad/+dat) - fit, be fittingconvertō, convertere, convertī, conversus - turn – CONVERT/CONVERSIONconvocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - call togethercōpulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - join, connectcoquō, coquere, coxī, coctus - cookcorrigō, corrigere, corrēxī, corrēctus - correctcrēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditus (+dative) - believe, trust, entrustcrēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētus – grow, swell, rise, come into being, prosperCruciō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus torture, tormentcubō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - lie (in bed)cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītus – desire – CUPIDITY (greed)cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātus - care for, look after, take careCurrō, currere, cucurrī, cursūrus – run                                         cūstōdiō, cūstōdīre, cūstōdīvī, cūstōdītus – guard - CUSTODIANdebeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus - owe, ought, be obligeddēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus – to owe, oughtdecet, decēre, decuit - be proper/fitting, adorn, become  (used only in infinitive & 3rd pers. sing/pl.)dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus – defend                                       Dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – delight, please                       dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus - delete, effacedēmō, dēmere, dēmpsī, dēmptus - removedēmōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - point out, showdērīdeō, dērīdēre, dērīsī, dērīsus - laugh at, make fun of – DERIDE, DERISIONDēscendō, dēscendere, dēscendī, dēscensus - go down, descendDēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertus - leave, desertdēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - long for, missdēsiliō, dēsilīre, dēsiluī, dēsaltus - jump downdēsinō, dēsinere, dēsīvī (or dēsiī), dēsitus – to stop, desist, abandon, give updēsistō, dēsistere, dēstitī - leave off, cease, desistdēspērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - lose hope, despair (of)dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspēcī, dēspectus look down (on), despisedēsum, dēesse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (+dat) - be missing, failDetergeō, detergēre, dētersī, dētersus - wipe off              dēterreō, dēterrēre, dēterruī, dēterritus - deterdētrahō, dētrahere, dētrāxī, dētrāctus - pull offdēvorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - swallow up, devourDīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus - say, call, speak                                  dictō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - dictatedīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctus - love, be fond of, value, appreciateDīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissus - send away, dismiss - DISMISSDiscēdō, discēdere, discessī, discessūrus – leave, depart                        discō, discere, didicī, --- - learndisiungō, disiungere, disiunxī, disiunctus - to separate

dissuādeō, dissuādēre, dissuāsī, dissuāsus - advise not todīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīsī, dīvīsus - separate, divideDō, dare, dedī, datus – give                                doceō, docēre, docuī, doctus - teach, instructDoleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitus - hurt, feel pain, grievedōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - give, present withDormiō, dormīre, dormīvī, dormītus – sleep                                  dubitō, dubitāre, dubitāvī, dubitātus - doubtDūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus - guide, lead, draw, trace (imp sing dūc!).  N.B.:  uxōrem dūcere - marryEdō, ēsse (later edere), ēdī, ēsus – eat (ēst – he/she/it eats, edunt – they eat)Ēducō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus bring upĒdūcō, ēdūcere, ēdūxī, ēductus - bring out, draw outefficiō, efficere, effēcī, effectus - make, effect, causeeffugiō, effugere, effūgī, --- escape, run awayeffundō, effundere, effūdī, effūsus - pour out, shedēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum - go outēiciō, ēicere, ēiēcī, ēiectus - throw out, drive out, ejectēlīdō, ēlīdere, ēlīsī, ēlīsus - omit, elideēligō, ēligere, ēlēgī, ēlēctus - choose, selectEmō, emere, ēmī, emptus – buyEō, īre, īvī, ītus – go (it – he goes; eunt – they go)erant – they wereerat – he/she/it was  ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptus - snatch away, deprive ofErrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - wander, stray                               ērubēscō, ērubēscere, ērubuī, --- - blushērumpō, ērumpere, ērūpī, ēruptus - break out, give vent toestō – (future imperative singular of “sum”) “be!”estōte – (future imperative plural of “sum”) “be!”ēvolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus fly outēvolvō, ēvolvere, ēvolvī, ēvolūtus - unrollexaudiō, exaudīre, exaudīvī, exaudītus - hearexcitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - wake up, arouseexclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - cry out, exclaimexcōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus think out, deviseexcruciō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - torture, tormentexcurrō, excurrere, excurrī, excursus - run out, rush outexcūsō, excūsāre, excūsāvī, excūsātus - excuseExeō, exīre, exīvī, exitus – go outexhauriō, exhaurīre, exhausī, exhaustus - drain, emptyexīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - consider, thinkexōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - adorn, decorateexplānō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - explainexpōnō, expōnere, exposuī, expositus - put out/ashore, exposeexpugnō, expugnāre, expugnāvī, expugnātus – conquer                                       Exspectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – wait (for), expectextendō, extendere, extendī, extentus - stretch out, extendFābulor, fābulārī, fābulātus sum - talk, chatfaciō, facere, fēcī, factus - make, do, causefallō, fallere, fefellī, falsus - deceivefateor, fatērī, fassus sum - admit, confessfatīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - tire out, wearyfaveō, favēre, fāvī, fautus +dat favor, supportferō, ferre, tulī, lātus - carry, bring, bearFīdō, fīdere, fīsus sum +dat trust, rely on (deponent in last part only)fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxus fix, fastenfīniō, fīnīre, fīnīvī, fīnītus - limit, finishfīō, fierī, factus sum – IRREGULAR - be made/done, become, happen (forms: fīō, fīs, fit, fīmus, fītis, fīunt)flectō, flectere, flexī, flexus - bend, turnfleō, flēre, flēvī, flētus - cry, weep (for)

flō, flāre, flāvī, flātus blowfluō, fluere, fluxī, fluxus – flow                                         for, fārī, fātus sum - speak  (very rare word; archaic – occurs in book 11 of the Aeneid as “fārier”) frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctus - break, shatter - FRACTUREfremō, fremere, fremuī, fremitus - growlfrīgeō, frīgēre, ---, --- - be coldfruor, fruī, fructus sum +abl - enjoyfugio, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus - run away, flee                                              fundō, fundere, fūdī, fūsus - pour, shedGaudeō, gaudēre, gavīsus sum (irregular) - be glad, be pleasedgerō, gerere, gessī, gestus - carry, wear, carry on, dogubernō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - steer, governgustō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - tasteHabeō, habēre, habuī, habitus – have, holdhabeō, habēre, habuī, habitus - have, hold, considerHabitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – live (in), dwell, inhabit    hauriō, haurīre, hausī, haustus - draw (water), bailHorreō, horrēre, horruī, ---  - bristle, stand on end, shudder (at)hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum - encourage, urgeiaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitus – to lie downiaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactus – to throwiactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - throw, toss aboutignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - not know - IGNORANTIgnōscō, ignōscere, ignōvī, ignōtus +dat - forgiveillūstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - illuminate, make clearimitor, imitārī, imitātus sum imitateimpendeō, impendēre, ---, --- +dat - threaten, be imminent, hover overimperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – order, command                      impleō, implēre, implēvī, implētus - fill, completeimplicō, implicāre, implicuī, implicitus – enfold (semi-irregular)impōnō, impōnere, imposuī, impositus - place (in/on), putimprimō, imprimere, impressī, impressus - press (into)incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptus - begininclūdō, inclūdere, inclūsī, inclūsus - shut up (as in lock up in a room) - INCLUSIONincolō, incolere, incoluī, incultus – inhabit                                                            induō, induere, induī, indūtus - put on (clothes)īnflectō, īnflectere, īnflexī, īnflectus – to inflect, bend, turn, change, influenceīnfluō, īnfluere, īnfluxī, īnfluxus - flow intoinquit - he/she/it says/said; inquiunt – they say/said, inquam - I sayīnscrībō, īnscrībere, īnscrīpsī, īnscrīptus - write on, inscribe - INSCRIPTIONīnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus - draw up, arrangeinsum, inesse, infuī, --- – be in                            intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctus - understand, realizeInterficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectus - killinterpellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - interruptinterrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – ask, question, interrogate      intersum, interesse, interfuī, interfutūrus - be betweenintrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – enter                                          intueor, intuērī, intuitus sum - look at, watchinvehō, invehere, invexī, invectus – import, ride/rush/sail into, bring upon, ride (a horse)inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventūrus findinvideō, invidēre, invīdī, invīsus +dat - envy, grudgeinvocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - call upon, invokeiubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus - order, tell                            iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctus - join, combine iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtus help, delightlābor, lābī, lapsus sum - slip, drop, falllabōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - toil, work, take troublelacrimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – cry, weep, shed tears  laedō, laedere, laesī, laesus - injure, hurt

laetor, laetārī, laetātus sum - rejoice, be gladlargior, largīrī, largītus sum - give generouslyLateō, latēre, latuī, --- be hidden, hidelātrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – bark                               laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - praiselavō, lavāre, lāvī, lautus - wash, bathelegō, legere, lēgī, lēctus – read, choose, gatherlevō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus lift, raiselibēre: libet +dat it pleaseslīberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - free, set freelicēre:  licet (+ dative) - it is allowed, one may (no forms appear other than “licet” – no “liceō,” etc.)loquor, loquī, locūtus sum - speak, talklūceō, lūcēre, lūxī, --- - shineluctor, luctārī, luctātus sum - wrestlelūdō, lūdere, lūsi, lūsus – play                                        lūgeō, lūgēre, lūxī, lūctus - mournMaereō, maerēre, ---, --- - grievemālō, mālle, māluī, --- - prefer (IRREGULAR)maneō, manēre mānsī, mānsūrus - remain, staymeminī, meminisse (perf infinitive) +gen/acc - remember, recollect (imp: mementō, mementōte!)memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - mentionmentior, mentīrī, mentītus sum – lie (tell untruths)mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus - earn, deserve – MERIT, DEMERITmergō, mergere, mersī, mersus - dip, plunge, sinkmetō, metere, messuī, messus - reap, harvestmetuō, metuere, metuī, metūtus - fearmīlitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - serve as a soldier                                   minor, minārī, minātus sum +dat - threatenminuō, minuere, minuī, minūtus - diminish, reducemīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum - wonder (at), be surprisedmisceō, miscēre, miscuī, mixtus - mixmittō, mittere, mīsī, missus - send, throwmolliō, mollīre, mollīvī, mollītus make soft, softenmoneō, monēre, monuī, monitus - remind, advise, warn – MONITOR, PREMONITIONMōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – point out, showmordeō, mordēre, momordī, morsus – bite - MORSELmorior, morī, mortuus sum - diemoveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus - move, stirmūniō, mūnīre, mūnīvī, mūnītus - fortifymūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātus - change, exchangenārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī, nārrātus - relate, tellnāscor, nāscī, nātus sum - be bornnatō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – swim                                          nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - sailNecō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - killneglegō, neglegere, neglēxī, neglēctus - neglectnegō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - deny, say that…not - NEGATEnesciō, nescīre, nescīvī, nescītus - not knownoceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitus +dat - harm, hurtnōlō, nōlle, nōluī, --- - be unwilling, not want:nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - name, callnōscō, nōscere, nōvī, nōtus - get to know, (perfect tense -> know) - COGNIZANTnūbō, nūbere nupsī, nuptus +dat - marry (for a woman to marry a man)Numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – count                                    nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - announce, reportOblīvīscor, oblīvīscī, oblītus sum (+gen/acc) - forgetoboediō, oboedīre, oboedīvī, oboedītus +dat - obey, listen to, respond tooccidō, occidere, occidī, occāsus - fall, sink, setOccīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsus – kill (don’t mix up with ‘occidō’, to fall)occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - hide

occurrō, occurrere, occurrī, occursus - meet (use with dative)Ōdī, ōdisse (perf infinitive), ōsus sum - hateofferō, offerre obtulī oblātus - offeroperiō, operīre, operuī, opertus - coveroportēre:  Only form “oportet” - it is right, you shouldopperior, opperīrī, oppertus sum - wait (for), awaitoppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - attackOptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus wishōrdinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - arrange, regulateorior, orīrī, ortus sum - rise, appear (note it’s oritur not orītur, for some reason)ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - equip, adornōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - pray, begōscitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - gape, yawnōsculor, ōsculārī, ōsculātus sum - kissostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentus – show                              palleō, pallēre, palluī, --- - be pale – PALLIDPalpitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - beat, throbparcō, parcere, pepercī, parsūrus +dat - spare, show mercy to, refrain fromPāreō, pārēre, pāruī, pāritus – obey, be evident                           pariō, parere, peperī, partus - give birth to, lay                              parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - prepare, make readypartior, partīrī, partītus sum - share, dividepāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstus - pasture, feed, feastPateō, patēre, patuī, --- - be openpatior, patī, passus sum - suffer, undergo, bear – PASSIVITY, PASSIVEpellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus - push, drive (off)percurrō, percurrere, percurrī, percursus - run over, pass overpercutiō, percutere, percussī, percussus - strike, hit – PERCUSSION (instruments)perdō, perdere, perdidī, perditus - destroy, ruin, waste - PERDITIONpereō, perīre, perīvī/periī, perītus - perish, be lostperferō, perferre, pertulī, perlātus - carry, endureperficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectus complete, accomplishpergō, pergere, perrēxī, perrēctus - proceed, go onpermittō, permittere, permīsī, permissus - allow, permitpermoveō, permovēre, permōvī, permōtus - move deeplypersequor, persequī, persecūtus sum follow, pursuepersuādeō, persuādēre, persuāsī, persuāsus +dat - persuade, convinceperturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - upsetperveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventūrus - get to, reachpetō, petere, petīvī, petītus - aim at, attack, seek, ask for, request            pīpiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - chirpplaceō, placēre, placuī, placitus +dat - pleaseplaudō, plaudere, plausī, plausus (+dat) - clap, applaudPlōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – cry                                           Polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum - promisePōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus – put, place                        Portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – carry                             poscō, poscere, poposcī, ---  - demand, call forpossideō, possidēre, possēdī, possessus - possess, ownpossum, posse, potuī, ---  (irregular, like “esse”) - be able (“can”)postulō, postulāre, postulāvī, postulātus - demand, requirepōtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - drinkpraeferō, praeferre, praetulī, praelātus - preferpraepōnō, praepōnere, praeposuī, praepositus +dat - put before/in charge ofpraestō, praestāre, praestitī, praestitus - furnish, fulfill, be superior to, display (+ other meanings)praesum, praeesse, praefuī, praefutūrus (+dat) - be in charge (of)precor, precārī, precātus sum - prayprehendō, prehendere, prehendī, prehēnsus - grasp, seize - APPREHENDpremō, premere, pressī, pressus - pressprōcēdō, prōcēdere, prōcessī, processūrus - go forward, advance - PROCEED

prōcurrō, prōcurrere, prōcurrī, prōcursus - run forward, chargeprōferrō, prōferre, prōtulī, prōlātus - bring forth, produceproficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum - set out, departprōgredior, prōgredī, prōgressus sum - go forward, advanceprohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitus - keep off, preventprōiciō, prōicere, proiēcī, proiectus - throw (forward/away/down), abandon, discard, exile, sacrifice, delay, give way toprōmittō, prōmittere, prōmīsī, prōmissus – promise – PROMISE, PROMISSARY (note)prōmō, prōmere, prōmpsī, prōmptus - take outproperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - hurryprōsiliō, prōsilīre, prōsiluī --- - spring forth, jump/spurt/shoot out, dashPrōspiciō, prōspicere, prōspexī, prōspectus - look out, look aheadprōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus +dat - be useful, do goodpudēre: pudet mē (+gen) - I am ashamed (of) - IMPUDENTpugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - fightPulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – hit                                pūniō, pūnīre, pūnīvī, pūnītus - punishPutō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - think, suppose                            quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītus - look for, seek, ask (for)quatiō, quatere, ---, quassus shakequeror, querī, questus sum - complain, grumblequiēscō, quiēscere, quiēvī, quiētus - restrapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptus - tear away, carry offrecēdō, recēdere, recessī, recessūrus - go back, retireRecipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptus - receive, admitrecitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - read aloudrecognōscō, recognōscere, recognōvī, recognōtus - recognizerecumbō, recumbere, recubuī, --- - lie down – RECUMBANT (bicycles)reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus - give back, giveredeō, redīre, redīvī, reditus - go back, returnredimō, redimere, redēmī, redēmptus - ransomredūcō, redūcere, reduxī, reductus - lead back, bring backreferō, referre, rettulī, rellātus - bring back, return, reply, repayrēgnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - reign, ruleRegō, regere, rēxī, rēctus - direct, guide, governrelinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relīctus – leave                                  remaneō, remanēre, remānsī, remānsūrus - remain, stay behindrēmigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - rowreminīscor, reminīscī, --- +gen/acc – recollect, rememberremittō, remittere, remīsī, remissus - send backremoveō, removēre, remōvī, remōtus – remove – REMOTE, REMOVEreperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertus - findrepōnō, repōnere, reposuī, repositus - put backreprehendō, reprehendere, reprehendī, reprehensus - blame, censurerepugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - fight back, resistrequiēscō, requiēscere, requiēscēvī, requiēscētus - restrequīrō, requīrere, requīsīvī, requīsītus - seek, askresistō, resistere, restitī, --- (+dat) - halt, resistRespondeō, respondēre, respondī, respōnsus – respond                          retineō, retinēre, retinuī, retentus - hold back - RETENTIONRetrahō, retrahere, retrāxī, retrāctus - pull back, bring backReveniō, revenīre, revēnī, reventūrus - come backrevertor, revertī, reversus sum – OR revertō, revertere, revertī, --- - return, come backrevocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus call back, revokeRīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsus – laugh / laugh at, smile (at), grinrigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - irrigaterogitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - ask (repeatedly)rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - ask, ask forrubeō, rubēre, ---, --- - be red, blush - RUBYrumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptus - break

saliō, salīre, saluī, saltus - jumpsalūtem dīcere +dat - greetSalūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – greetsalvō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - savesānō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - heal, cure                                   sapiō, sapere, sapīvī/sapiī, --- - be wise, have sense, understand, have the flavor/taste/smell ofscindō, scindere, scidī, scissus – tear, rip – SCISSORS, SCHISMscindō, scindere, scidī, scissus - tear, tear up – SCHISM, SCISSORSsciō, scīre, scīvī, scītus - knowscrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptus - writesecō, secāre, secuī, sectus - cutsedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessūrus - sitSentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsus - feel, sense, think                        sequor, sequī, secūtus sum - followserō, serere sēvī, satus - sow, plantserviō, servīre, servīvī, servītus +dat - be a slave, serveservō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - preserve, savesignificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - indicate, meansignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - mark, sealsileō, silēre, siluī, --- - be silentsinō, sinere, sīvī, situs - let, allowsoleō, solēre, solitus sum (irregular) - be accustomedsolvō, solvere, solvī, solūtus - untie, discharge, loosen, pay; nāvem solvere - cast off, set sailspargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsus - scatterSpectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - watch, look atspērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - hope (for)spīrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – breathe                                      Statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtus - fix, determinesternō, sternere, strāvī, strātus - spreadstō, stāre, stetī, statūrus – stand                                                studeō, studēre, studuī +dat - devote oneself to, desire, be eager for, studystupeō, stupēre, stupuī, --- - be aghast/astoundedsuādeō, suādēre, suāsī, suāssus (+dat) - advisesubeō, subīre, subiī/subīvī, subītus - go under, undergosubmergō, submergere, submersī, submersus - sinkSum, esse, fuī, futūrus – to be (imperative: Es! Este!) (indicative: est – he/she/it is, sunt – they are) Sūmō, sūmere, sumpsī, sumptus – eat, take up, wear, begin, inflict, suppose, select, borrow, buysupersum, superesse, superfuī, superfutūrus - be left, be in excesssurgō, surgere, surrēxī, surrēctus - rise, get upsurripiō, surripere, surripuī, surreptus - stealsuscitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - wake up, rousesuspiciō, suspicere, suspēcī, suspectus look up (at)sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus - support, sustain, endureTaceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitus – be silenttangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctus - touchTeneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus – have, hold, keep (back)      Tergeō, tergēre, tersī, tersus – wipeterreō, terrēre, terruī, territus - frightenTimeō, timēre, timuī, --- – fear, be afraid of                       tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātus - raise, lift, pick up, remove, take awaytrādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditus - hand over, deliverTrahō, trahere, trāxī, tractus - drag, pulltrānseō, trānsīre, trānsīvī (trānsiī), trānsitus - cross, passtrānsferō, trānsferre, trānstulī, trānslātus - transfer, transporttremō, tremere, tremuī, --- - tremble - TREMORtueor, tuērī, tūtus sum - guard, protecttumultuor, tumultuārī, tumultuātus sum - make an uproar/disturbanceturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - stir up, agitateululō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - howlūrō, ūrere, ussī, ustus burn

ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum +abl - use, enjoyvāgiō, vāgīre, vāgīvī - wail, squallvaleō, valēre, valuī, valitūrus - be strong, be well (figure out how valē! valēte! are related!)Vehō, vehere, vexī, vectus – carry, convey.  Passive: ride, sail, travelVēndō, vēndere, vēndidī, vēnditus – sell                                      Veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventūrus – arrive                                Verberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – beat (hit repeatedly)    vereor, verērī, veritus sum - fearversor, versārī, versātus sum - move about, be presentVertō, vertere, vertī, versus – turn                                    vestiō, vestīre, vestīvī, vestītus - dressVetō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus forbidvideō vidēre vīdī vīsus see, passive - seemVideō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus – see                                        vigilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - be awakevinciō, vincīre, vinxī, vinctus - tievincō, vincere, vīciī, victus - defeat, overcome, winvīsō, vīsere vīsī, ---- - go and see, visitvītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - avoidvīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctus - live, be alivevocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – callvolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus – fly                                               volō, velle, voluī , --- = to want.Vorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - swallow, devourvulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - wound