Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
LAS PLANTAS PLANTS
UNIDAD 1 – CIENCIAS DE LA NATURALEZA
UNIT 1- NATURAL SCIENCE
A plant is a living thing with limited mobility. There are many different types of plants. All plants have one thing in common: they are living things that make their own food.
Plants need 4 substances to make their own food: water, minerals, sunlight and
carbon dioxide.
ROOTS
Leaves capture sunlight and carbon dioxide from the air. Then, they use the sunlight, carbon dioxide, water
and minerals to make nutrients.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS
Parts of a plant
STEMS
LEAVES
Stems keep the plant upright and support it. The trunk of a tree is a
very thick stem. It also carries water, minerals and nutrients to other parts of the plant through
vessels.
Roots enable plants to take in water and minerals from the soil. Some
plants store nutrients in their roots.
Classification of plants
They have organs like flowers, fruits and seeds that help them to reproduce.
Flowering plants
Angiosperms
They grow fruits with seeds inside. Apple tree
Gymnosperms
They have flowers with seeds, but no fruits Pine nuts from pine cones (flowers)
Non-flowering plants
They don’t have seeds. They reproduce through spores (tiny cells that germinate)
Ferns
Mosses
Have roots, leaves and stems. Spores under the leaves.
No roots, leaves and stems. Spores in capsules at the end of the filaments.
A plant is a living thing with limited mobility. There are many different types of plants. All plants have one thing in common: they are living things that make their own food.
Plants need 4 substances to make their own food: water, minerals, sunlight and
carbon dioxide.
ROOTS
They capture sunlight and carbon dioxide from the air. Then, they use the sunlight, carbon dioxide, water
and minerals to make nutrients.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS
Parts of a plant
STEMS
LEAVES
They keep the plant upright and support it. The trunk of a tree is a
very thick stem. It also carries water, minerals and nutrients to other parts of the plant through
vessels.
They enable plants to take in water and minerals from the soil. Some
plants store nutrients in their roots.
Classification of plants
They have organs like flowers, fruits and seeds that help them to reproduce.
Flowering plants
Angiosperms
They grow fruits with seeds inside. Apple tree
Gymnosperms
They have flowers with seeds, but no fruits Pine nuts from pine cones (flowers)
Non-flowering plants
They don’t have seeds. They reproduce through spores (tiny cells that germinate)
Ferns
Mosses
Have roots, leaves and stems. Spores under the leaves.
No roots, leaves and stems. Spores in capsules at the end of the filaments.
1 2 3
4 5 6 7
8
9 10 11
12
13 14
15 16
17 18 19
20
21 22 23 24
25
26
27 28
29 30
31
32
33 34
35
36 37 38
39
40 41
42 43
Glucose +
oxygen
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION
Process in the leaves to make their own nutrients.
Roots: absorb water + minerals (raw sap). Through the Xylem vessels go to the leaves.
Leaves: capture the sunlight (attracted by chlorophyll) + carbon dioxide (through pores: stomas)
The 3 substances (water + minerals + carbon dioxide) mix in the green leaves thanks to the sunlight. Elaborated sap go to the parts of the plant through the phloem vessels.
Day:
Process to get energy, day and night.
Water Minerals Sunlight
Carbon dioxide
chlorphyll
PLANT NUTRITION
Plants need nutrients Plants need energy
Leaves absorb oxygen from the air.
Oxygen +
Nutrients
leaves Carbon dioxide Water vapour Energy
Plants need energy 24 hours a day.
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Glucose +
oxygen
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION
Process in the leaves to make their own nutrients.
Roots: absorb water + minerals (raw sap). Through the Xylem vessels go to the leaves.
Leaves: capture the sunlight (attracted by chlorophyll) + carbon dioxide (through pores: stomas)
The 3 substances (water + minerals + carbon dioxide) mix in the green leaves thanks to the sunlight. The elaborated sap go to the parts of the plant through the phloem vessels.
Day:
Process to get energy, day and night.
Water Minerals Sunlight
Carbon dioxide
chlorphyll
PLANT NUTRITION
Plants need nutrients Plants need energy
Leaves absorb oxygen from the air.
Oxygen +
Nutrients
leaves Carbon dioxide Water vapour Energy
Plants need energy 24 hours a day.
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
1 2
3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10
11 12
13
14 15
16
17
18
19
20
21 22 23
24
25
DAY NIGHT
During the day:
Plants create nutrients and get
energy:
Photosynthesis
+ Respiration
At night: Only respiration
(Because there is
no sunlight)
Glucose +
oxygen Carbon dioxide Water vapour Energy
Carbon dioxide Water vapour Energy
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
A pine cone with some pine nuts.
The pine cone is the flower of the pine tree.
Pine tree (plant)
Pine cone (flower)
Pine nuts (seeds)
The pine tree is a gymnosperm plant.
GYMNOSPERMS
Stomas are the pores of the leaves to
absorb sunlight and carbon dioxide in the photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll are the organelles in the plant cells of
the leaves that attracts the sunlight for the photosynthesis.
Fern leaves (The leaves of this non-flowering
plant has got the spores under them)
Moss (The moss is a non-flowering plant, bus, as it hasn’t got roots, stems and leaves, they have their spores at the end of their filaments)
REAL PICTURES
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
REPRODUCCIÓN SEXUAL DE LAS PLANTAS
LA REPRODUCCIÓN es necesaria para asegurar la existencia de las plantas
y evitar su extinción.
La reproducción sexual: es la unión de un grano de polen un óvulo.
Hay dos tipos: La reproducción sexual en plantas con flor y en plantas sin flor.
En esta reproducción la nueva planta es similar a sus progenitores.
Otras plantas se reproducen de forma asexual a partir de un fragmento de ellas.
estas plantas son idénticas a su progenitora.
REPRODUCCIÓN SEXUAL
1. En plantas con flores
FLOR: Órgano reproductor de mayoría de plantas.
La mayoría tienen
Son flores:
pistilo (órgano reproductor femenino): contiene un óvulo.
y estambres (órgano reproductor masculino):
hermafroditas.
Para que ocurra la reproducción sexual: el polen de los estambres tiene que llegar hasta
el óvulo del pistilo a través del aire o insectos (que son atraídos por las flores).
Este es el proceso de la polinización.
contienen granos de polen.
Para que ocurra la reproducción sexual: el polen de los estambres tiene que llegar hasta
el óvulo del pistilo a través del aire o insectos (van de flor en flor atraídos por olor).
Este es el proceso de la polinización.
Una vez el polen llega al pistilo llega al ovario y se une al óvulo.
Esta unión se llama: fecundación.
REPRODUCCIÓN SEXUAL
1. En plantas con flores
Ahora el ovario se transforma en un fruto y el óvulo fecundado en una semilla.
El ovario en la planta se convierte en fruto (como placenta de mamíferos).
El óvulo en la planta se convierte en semilla (fecundada) con el niño con la información genética de padre y madre.
Cuando sembramos lo hacemos con semilla, no con fruto entero.
Cuando la semilla cae al suelo y germina da lugar a una nueva planta.
Pistilo
REPRODUCCIÓN SEXUAL
1. En plantas con flores
ubérculos:
Aunque florecen y producen semillas también se reproducen por fragmentos que
que es una copia idéntica a su progenitor.
Hay distintos tipos de fragmentos a partir de los cuales la planta se reproduce:
T Tallos subterráneos que acumulan gran cantidad de alimento.
REPRODUCCIÓN ASEXUAL DE LAS PLANTAS
La planta de la patata se reproduce por tubérculos.
ulbos: B Es el extremo inferior del tallo que acumula gran cantidad de alimento. Se forman por capas que la siguiente temporada se convierten en hojas. Al sembrar cada bulbo da una nueva planta.
El ajo y la cebolla se reproducen por bulbos.
izomas: R Tallos subterráneos que crecen horizontalmente. Sobre ellos se desarrollan nuevas plantas. El lirio.
stolones: E Tallos que crecen horizontalmente sobre el suelo y desarrollan raíces que dan lugar a otra planta.
La planta de la fresa.
squejes: E Tallos con capacidad de producir raíces cuando se separan de la planta.
Las vides y los geranios.
generan una planta nueva,
Videos
• Parts of plants – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUH8iAanREY
• Photosynthesis and Respiration – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktIxIesu1U0
