Seed Plants

Quick Review

What are two main groups of plants?

Who lives in each group?

Describe a bryophyte?

What is the job of vascular tissue?

What moves water up?

What moves food down?

Seed Plants

Gymnosperms:

seeds on the

outside

Angiosperms:

seeds protected

by fruit

Characteristics of Seed Plants

1. Seed plants produce seeds

2. Seeds nourish and protect young sporophytes

** These allow them to live anywhere, which makes seed plants the most common plant on Earth **

(Baby plant)

(food)

The Structure of Seeds

Seed = sperm + egg (fertilization)

Seeds have three parts

1. Sporophyte (young plant; embryo)

2. Stored food (called a cotyledon)

3. Seed coat (protection)

Advantages of Seeds

Why are seeds an advantage over

seedless plants?

Seed is a food source to help them grow

(seedless plant spores don’t have stored

food)

Seeds can be spread by animals, which is

better than spores relying on the wind

Gymnosperms

No fruits or flowers

Have seeds on the outside of a plant

Usually protected by a cone

4 groups:

Conifers

Ginkgoes (only one species left)

Cycads

Gnetophytes (NEE toh fiets)

Gymnosperms:

Gymnosperm Life Cycle

There are two types of cones: male & female

Each cone has spores that become plant sex

cells (gametophytes)

Male cone has pollen, which contains sperm

Female cone has eggs.

A fertilized egg develops into a young plant

(sporophyte) inside the female cone

The sporophyte is surrounded by a seed and

eventually released

Angiosperms

Vascular plants that produce flowers

and fruits

Most abundant plants today

Can be found in almost every land

ecosystem

Angiosperm Reproduction

Flowers and fruits attract animals

Animals pollinate flowers or eat fruits

and spread seeds

Two Kinds of Angiosperms

Monocots Vs. Dicots

MONOCOTS DICOTS

SEEDS One cotyledon Two cotyledons

LEAVES Parallel veins Branched veins

FLOWERS Floral parts in

multiples of 3

Floral parts in

multiples of 4 or 5

STEMS Vascular bundles

scattered

Vascular bundles

arranged in a ring

ROOTS Fibrous roots Taproot

Importance of Angiosperms

Provide animals with food for survival

People use major food crops (corn, wheat and rice)

Building materials (oak trees)

Clothing (cotton & flax)

Medicine!