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Refugee immigration and labor market integration:Chances, challenges and recommendations for labor market policies
„Large-scale refugee immigration“
Sharing experience and prospects between Sweden and Germany
European Commission
Berlin, October 5 2016
Dr. Ehsan
Vallizadeh
IAB – International
Comparisons and
European
Integration
Scale and development of refugee immigration
in Germany
2Ehsan Vallizadeh Refugee Migration and Labor Market Integration
According to UNHCR, in 2015 more than 2 million people
applied Europe-wide for asylum.
In 2015, BAMF (Federal Office for Migration and Refugees)
registered 890.000 asylum seekers & refugees in Germany.
In 2015, BAMF registered ca. 440.000 asylum applications –
about 2.5 times increase compared to 2014.
Worldwide most of asylum applications is accounted for by
Germany, followed by USA (173.000) and Sweden (153.000)
Immigration flows of refugees to Germany 2014 until mid 2016
3Ehsan Vallizadeh Refugee Migration and Labor Market Integration
Selection & Socio-demographic Structure of
Refugees
4Ehsan Vallizadeh Refugee Migration and Labor Market Integration
No representative data are available for Germany, but first
indications from self-reported information during registration of
asylum seekers at BAMF
Demographic selection:
Disproportionately young cohort (56% of Asylum seeker are <25)
High shares of men (>70%)
Educational selection:
Schooling attainment is relatively favorable
~70% without post-secondary educational/vocational degree
Demographic Structure of Foreign Population
and Refugees in Germany, 2015
5Ehsan Vallizadeh Refugee Migration and Labor Market Integration
Shares in %
Educational QualificationHighest attended educational establishment, 2015
6Ehsan Vallizadeh Refugee Migration and Labor Market Integration
Shares in %
Vocational & Academic QualificationRegistered working population and employees, Nov. 2015
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Shares in %
Labor market indicators by group of countries
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Shares in %, Changes to the previous year in %-Points in brackets, Sep. 2016
Employment structure by Industry
9Ehsan Vallizadeh Refugee Migration and Labor Market Integration
Shares in %, Sep. 2015
Insights from past refugee cohorts
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No reliable data is available providing evidence regarding labor market integration of recent refugee waves‐ In 2016, IAB in cooperation with BAMF and DIW-SOEP have started a panel-
survey of recent refugee immigrants
‐ ~1.600 People, who came to Germany as asylum seekers/refugees since 2013
‐ Precise information about histories of migration, education, and employment, aspirations, housing, wages, values, etc.
IAB-SOEP-Migration Sample allows to provide insights from past refugee cohorts‐ Refugee migration since the mid 1990s
‐ Comparable educational structure
‐ Important countries: Western Balkans, Middle East/Afghanistan, Turkey
‐ Precise information regarding wage and employment due to record-linkage to IEB-data
Evidence indicates how the labor market integration may recur
Qualification structure of refugees, migrated
between 1995–2011 to Germany
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Employment rate as % of respective working-
age population
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Median wages of refugees & regular
immigrants as % of median wages of natives
13Ehsan Vallizadeh Refugee Migration and Labor Market Integration
Labor Market IntegrationWhat helps? Evidence from microdata
German language proficiency
Immigrants with „very good“ German language skills compared to those with „bad“ language skills:
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Employment rate +15 %-Points
Job-Skill Mismatch -20 %-Points
Wages +22 %
Recommendation for labor market policies
Ensuring legal certainty
‐ Fast asylum procedure, longer residence permits, possibilities for „lane change“.
Improving language proficiencies
‐ „tailor-made“ and on-the-job language courses.
Supporting educational investments
‐ 56% of refugees are <25.
‐ Integration in schools as well as resuming educational degrees are essential for a successful labor market performance.
Acknowledgement of degrees and non-formal skills
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www.iab.de
Thank you very much!
Dr. Ehsan Vallizadeh
Institute for Employment Research (IAB)
International Comparisons and European Integration
Kontakt:
