Immigration and Labor Immigration and Labor Movements Change AmericaMovements Change AmericaObjective: To Cover the social Objective: To Cover the social

changes that take place changes that take place during the early 20during the early 20thth Century Century

Division of LaborDivision of Labor

Workers begin to specialize in one Workers begin to specialize in one tasktask

Division of Labor made work faster Division of Labor made work faster and cheaper and cheaper

Unskilled or low skill workers did Unskilled or low skill workers did most of the workmost of the work

Salaries were lowSalaries were low

Cities Grow LargerCities Grow Larger By 1900 half of the By 1900 half of the

nation’s people lived in nation’s people lived in citiescities

Mass transit systems Mass transit systems are developedare developed

Crowding in cities Crowding in cities leads to problemsleads to problems

Not enough clean Not enough clean waterwater

Garbage, Rats and Garbage, Rats and Diseases spreadDiseases spread

Lack of police and fire Lack of police and fire protectionprotection

Old Immigrants Old Immigrants Immigrants prior to Immigrants prior to

1880 called old 1880 called old immigrantsimmigrants

Came mostly from Came mostly from England, Scotland, England, Scotland, Ireland, and Ireland, and GermanyGermany

Many knew how to Many knew how to read and write and read and write and speak Englishspeak English

Most were Most were Protestant Protestant

New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants Immigrants who arrive Immigrants who arrive

after 1880 were called new after 1880 were called new immigrantsimmigrants

Came mostly from Poland, Came mostly from Poland, Russia, Greece, Italy, and Russia, Greece, Italy, and Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary

Many could not read or Many could not read or writewrite

Most were Catholics or Most were Catholics or JewsJews

Between 1880 and 1914 22 Between 1880 and 1914 22 million new immigrants million new immigrants arrive in Americaarrive in America

Why did they come?Why did they come? 1. to escape 1. to escape

povertypoverty 2. They believe 2. They believe

America was land America was land of opportunityof opportunity

3. For Religious 3. For Religious freedom and to freedom and to escape persecutionescape persecution

For many first view For many first view of America was the of America was the Statue of Liberty Statue of Liberty

Immigrant life in AmericaImmigrant life in America Lived in Crowed Lived in Crowed

TenementsTenements Many faced Many faced

prejudicesprejudices American’s were American’s were

angry because angry because Immigrants kept Immigrants kept wages lowwages low

American’s American’s pressure Congress pressure Congress to actto act

Congress creates Congress creates quota systemquota system

Causes leading to Labor UnionsCauses leading to Labor Unions Work Conditions Work Conditions

were extremely were extremely poor and poor and dangerousdangerous

Low Wages few Low Wages few earned more then earned more then 16 dollars a week16 dollars a week

Long hoursLong hours By 1890 1/5 of By 1890 1/5 of

children worked 14 children worked 14 hr dayshr days

Labor UnionsLabor Unions First Union Knights of First Union Knights of

Labor 1869 first union Labor 1869 first union to allow Blacks, and to allow Blacks, and WomenWomen

American Federation American Federation of Labor (AFL) made of Labor (AFL) made up of several smaller up of several smaller unionsunions

By 1904 AFL had over By 1904 AFL had over 1 million members1 million members

Goals of Unions: better Goals of Unions: better pay, less hours, better pay, less hours, better work conditionswork conditions

Union TacticsUnion Tactics

Include collective bargaining--Include collective bargaining-- Mangers and workers meet to solve Mangers and workers meet to solve

problemsproblems Strikes --Strikes -- When workers stop working and When workers stop working and

walkout and protestwalkout and protest

Striking for better conditionsStriking for better conditions

1892 Homestead 1892 Homestead workers went on strike workers went on strike over low wagesover low wages

Management refused Management refused to talkto talk

And hired arm guardsAnd hired arm guards Workers and guards Workers and guards

fightfight Union failed to win Union failed to win

better salariesbetter salaries