Land UseLand UseChapter 11 SupplementalChapter 11 Supplemental

Discussion on Nutrition, Hunger, Discussion on Nutrition, Hunger, Famine, and Food SourcesFamine, and Food Sources

I. Nutrition and SuppliesI. Nutrition and Supplies

A. General InformationA. General Information In 1950, the average daily diet contained less In 1950, the average daily diet contained less

than 2,000 calories per personthan 2,000 calories per person• More than 1 billion (of 2.5 billion) were More than 1 billion (of 2.5 billion) were

undernourishedundernourished In 2001, the average calorie intake was 2,500 In 2001, the average calorie intake was 2,500

calories per personcalories per person• Not everyone receives the 2,500 caloriesNot everyone receives the 2,500 calories• Leads to over-nutritionLeads to over-nutrition

Approximately 1.1 billion people are overweight / obeseApproximately 1.1 billion people are overweight / obese

I. Nutrition and SuppliesI. Nutrition and Supplies

A. General InformationA. General Information• Crop production in most areas has increased to Crop production in most areas has increased to

keep up with demandkeep up with demand China, U.S., Indonesia (increased food)China, U.S., Indonesia (increased food) Angola, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia (decreased food)Angola, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia (decreased food)

• Caused by war and mismanagement or corruption Caused by war and mismanagement or corruption (social injustice)(social injustice)

I. Nutrition and SuppliesI. Nutrition and Supplies

B. Chronic Hunger and Food SecurityB. Chronic Hunger and Food Security 800,000 million people are chronically hungry800,000 million people are chronically hungry Approximately 11 million children die from Approximately 11 million children die from

malnutrition related diseasesmalnutrition related diseases Food security, the ability to obtain sufficient Food security, the ability to obtain sufficient

food, may be threatened by poverty (?)food, may be threatened by poverty (?)

World Wide HungerWorld Wide Hunger

I. Nutrition and SuppliesI. Nutrition and Supplies C. Other Essential NutrientsC. Other Essential Nutrients

Malnourishment can happen even with plenty of Malnourishment can happen even with plenty of caloriescalories

• Caused by a lack of specific dietary componentsCaused by a lack of specific dietary components Human protein deficiency diseasesHuman protein deficiency diseases

• KwashiorkorKwashiorkor – “displaced child”, deprived of breast milk, – “displaced child”, deprived of breast milk, therefore lacking protein in diettherefore lacking protein in diet

Reddish-orange hair, puffy-discolored skin, and bloated bellyReddish-orange hair, puffy-discolored skin, and bloated belly• MarasmusMarasmus – “waste away”, low in both calories and protein – “waste away”, low in both calories and protein

Generally thin, shriveled child (looks like a tiny very old starving Generally thin, shriveled child (looks like a tiny very old starving person)person)

• Children suffering from either, become anemic and have low Children suffering from either, become anemic and have low immune deficienciesimmune deficiencies

I. Nutrition and SuppliesI. Nutrition and Supplies C. Other Essential NutrientsC. Other Essential Nutrients

MicroencephalyMicroencephaly (small heads) and (small heads) and anencephaly (no brain) are caused by a lack anencephaly (no brain) are caused by a lack of folic acidof folic acid

BlindnessBlindness can be caused by a lack of Vitamin can be caused by a lack of Vitamin A (green vegetables)A (green vegetables)

AnemiaAnemia is caused by a lack of Iron is caused by a lack of Iron Goiter Goiter (swollen thyroid) and (swollen thyroid) and hyperthyroidism hyperthyroidism

is caused by iodine deficiencyis caused by iodine deficiency• Causes brain damageCauses brain damage

I. Nutrition and SuppliesI. Nutrition and Supplies

D. FaminesD. Famines Characterized by Characterized by

• Large-scale food shortagesLarge-scale food shortages• Massive starvation Massive starvation • Social disruptionSocial disruption• Economic chaosEconomic chaos

Loss of food storesLoss of food stores• Excess grainExcess grain• Breeding stockBreeding stock

I. Nutrition and SuppliesI. Nutrition and Supplies D. FaminesD. Famines

Caused by Caused by • Environmental triggersEnvironmental triggers

Adverse weatherAdverse weather Insect infestationsInsect infestations DiseaseDisease Other natural disastersOther natural disasters

• Locust famines in ancient EgyptLocust famines in ancient Egypt

• Politics Politics Government division of food and suppliesGovernment division of food and supplies WarWar

I. Nutrition and SuppliesI. Nutrition and Supplies D. Famines (cont)D. Famines (cont)

Caused by (cont)Caused by (cont)• Politics (cont)Politics (cont)

Land seizures (by rich and powerful men/women)Land seizures (by rich and powerful men/women)• Block areas that once supported people during poor Block areas that once supported people during poor

agricultural timesagricultural times Ethiopia and Sudan in the 1980’sEthiopia and Sudan in the 1980’s

• EconomicsEconomics Inability to purchase food Inability to purchase food Embargoes of countriesEmbargoes of countries

• Withdrawal of food aidWithdrawal of food aid Bangladesh of 1974Bangladesh of 1974

II. Major Food SourcesII. Major Food Sources

A. Major Agricultural Crops (primary)A. Major Agricultural Crops (primary) WheatWheat RiceRice Corn Corn Most civilizations rely on one of the above as Most civilizations rely on one of the above as

the main source of agricultural foodthe main source of agricultural food

II. Major Food SourcesII. Major Food Sources

B. Secondary Agriculture CropsB. Secondary Agriculture Crops PotatoesPotatoes BarleyBarley OatsOats RyeRye Mountainous regions and high latitudes use Mountainous regions and high latitudes use

these agriculture crops instead of the “big 3”these agriculture crops instead of the “big 3”

II. Major Food SourcesII. Major Food Sources

C. Meat, Milk, and SeafoodC. Meat, Milk, and Seafood Very expensive to produceVery expensive to produce Use a lot of crops to makeUse a lot of crops to make Only wealthy areas can afford these food Only wealthy areas can afford these food

sources (considered luxury foods)sources (considered luxury foods)