lan & optical communication

8/8/2019 lan & optical communication

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A Project Report on

LAN & OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

Submitted by:

SOURAV BAGMOLOY PALCHINMOY BHATTACHARYADEBKANTI PALSUBHAJEET BISWASTANMAY BERAHIMANSHU SEKHARSOUMYA BANERJEERAJIV DAS

ACKNOLEDGEMENT

I take this opertunity to express my sincere gratitude to our instructorMr. Manas Kumar Mukharjee for his nobel involvement & valuable guidanc

e during the training. We are indebted to him for his kind help and timely encouragement in making this project work professionally stimulating and personally satisfying.

I would also like to thank the other teachers of Netaji Subhas Chandra bose Telecom Training Centre, Kalyani for their continuous support and encouragem

ent during our training period.

..

ABSTRACT

Being able to send announcements to your employees is crucial to any companys success. LAN Messenger allows company to inform their personnel about any importantevent or incidents in a matter of seconds. LAN Messenger is compatible with Windows 95/98, Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0 as well as Windows 2000 and XP. It runs onany TCP/IP based Local Area Network (LAN). The LAN messenger is optimized for minimum network traffic and features and intuitive user interface allowing company employees to spend very little time learning this software. LAN messenger mainfunction is of intra-office communication. It can support number of users and no configuration is required and it easily works after installation. It does not

require a server. It has the facility of automatic detecting users. It can sendand receive instant messages efficiently. It also encrypts the data which is transferred for better security. It is compatible in all


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major versions of Windows. LAN messenger is an office popup which replaces WinPopup (Winpop) messenger which is also a LAN messenger that is supplied withWindows 9x/NT and unfortunately it does not work in Windows 2000 and XP.

INTRODUCTION

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is World

s 7th largest Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of telecom services inIndia: Wire line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service,MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Within a span of five years ithasbecome one of the largest public sector unit in India. BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now focusing on improving it.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.

(BSNL) main building in in southern

Mumbai.

Expanding the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications invillages and wining customer

s confidence. Today, it has about 47.3 million line basic telephone capacity, 4 million WLL capacity, 20.1 Million GSM Capacity, more than 37382 fixed exchanges, 18000 Available at 7 BTS, 287 Satellite Stations, 480196 Rkm of OFC Cable,63730 Rkm of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns and 5.5 Lakhs villages. BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts andplanned initiatives to bridge the Rural-Urban Digital Divide ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach with its wide network giving services in every nook & corner of country and operates across India except Delhi & Mumbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier andNorth-eastern region of the country. BSNL serves its customers with its wide bouquet of telecom services. BSNL is numero uno operator of India in all servicesin its license area. The company offers vide ranging & most transparent tariff schemes designed to suite every customer. BSNL cellular service, CellOne, has more than 17.8 million cellular customers, garnering 24 percent of all mobile usersas its subscribers. That means that almost every fourth mobile user in the country has a BSNL connection. In basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals.OBJECTIVE

1. To provide high speed Internet connectivity (upto 8 Mbps)

2. To provide Virtual Private Network (VPN) service to the broadband customers3. To provide dial VPN service to MPLS VPN customers.4. To provide multicast video services, videoon- demand, etc. through the Broadb


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andRemote Access Server (BRAS).5. To provide a means to bill for the aforesaid services by either time-based or

volume based billing. It shall provide the customer with the option to select the services throughweb server6. To provide both pre-paid and post paid broadband services

National Internet Backbone (NIB) of BSNL

The National Internet Backbone of BSNL consists of 432 Point of Presence( POP) that gives it the capability of transporting IP traffic from every hookand corner of the country. This network provides internet services to more than1 million dial-up customers including about 3.5 lakh customers on CLI basis. 2nd in the line of IP network, BSNL commissioned a state-of-the-art Multi ProtocolLabel Switching (MPLS) NETWORK TAKING India into the next stage of the IP evolution. This network has 10 physical nodes with all district headquarters designated as virtual nodes. This network has opened up a new market segment of secure a

nd reliable Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) for Corporate customers. The latestendeavor of BSNL is a world-class multi-gigabit multi-protocol, convergent IP infrastructure which will provide voice, data and video services through the samebackbone. In terms of infrastructure for broadband services, this would put India at par with more advanced nations. Designated as NIB-II this will be implemented in the form of four projects.All the above projects in form of NIB-II are at different stages of implementation and as per schedule .They will be operational in the third quarter of this year. The services that will be available to customers when NIB-II is in place:1. Narrowband and broadband Internet access.2. Virtual Private Network.3. Managed OPE4. Value Added Services like encryption, firewall and NAT

5. Messaging: Plain Vanilla and feature rich6. Data Center Services: web hosting and webcollocation.7.Content based Services: e.g. video multicast, video on demand, interactive gaming.

SERVICES

BSNL provides almost every telecom service in India. Following are the main telecom services provided by BSNL:1. Universal Telecom Sevices : Fixed wireline services & Wireless in Local loop(WLL) using CDMA Technology called bfone and Tarang respectively. As of December31,2007, BSNL has 81% marketshare of fixed lines.

2. Cellular Mobile Telephone Services: BSNL is major provider of Cellular Mobile Telephone services using GSM platform under the brand name CellOne[2]. Prepaidcellular services of BSNL are known as Excel. As of March 31, 2007 BSNL has 17%share of mobile telephony in the country.

3..Internet: BSNL provides internet services through dial-up connection (Sancharnet) as Prepaid, (NetOne) as Postpaid and ADSL broadband (DataOne). BSNL has around 50%market share in broadband in India. BSNL has planned aggressive rollout in broadband for current financial year. Intelligent Network (IN): BSNL provides IN services like

televoting, toll free calling, premium calling etc. If we talk about broadband than following types of services are provided by the company and is forward looking to improvize the services.


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Services available through Broadband are:1.High speed Internet Access: This is the always-on Internet access service withspeedranging from 256 kbps to 8 Mbps(Through optical fiber,wifi,wimax)2.Multicasting: This is to provide video multicast services for application in distanceeducation, telemedicine etc

3.Dial VPN Service: This service allows remote users to access their private networksecurely over the NIB-II infrastructure.4.Video and Audio Conferencing.5.Content based Services: Like Video on Demand, Interactive Gaming, Live and timeshifted TV.

TELEPHONE EXCHANGEThe main function of an exchange is to process call from a calling subscriber and makethe connection to the called subscriber. This connection can be direct or via an

otherexchange. This requires all parts of the exchange to work as a unit to ensure the call isproperly handled.CALL PROCESSING ARCHITECTUREThe main function of the exchange is to process subscriber calls. The exchange does thisby connecting an incoming line or trunk to another line or trunk.In order to process the calls the exchange must perform four basic switching function. Supervision: Detects and reports service requests, acknowledgements and requests to terminateservice.

Signaling: Transmits information about lines and trunks and information about other aspectsofcall handling to control switching equipment. Routing. Converts address information to the location of the corresponding call line or to thelocation of a trunk on the way to that line. Alerting. Notifies a subscriber of incoming calls.

BASIC CALL TYPESSubscriber calls are grouped in to categories that distinguish one call from another. Thesecategories are referred to as call types. The basic call types are Intra exchange calls: - these are calls between two subscribers served by the sameexchange. These calls are normally line to line calls. Inter exchange calls: - these are calls that involve two or more exchanges. Within agiven exchange there are different types of inter exchange calls.An outgoing call is a call that goes out of the exchange via a trunk. If the call originatedin the same exchange, it is called an originating outgoing call.An incoming call is a call that comes into the exchange via a trunk. A tandem ca

ll is a call that comes into the exchange on one trunk and leaves theexchange on another trunk. Thus a tandem call is both incoming and out going.


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OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION(OFC)

The use of visible optical carrier waves or light for communication has been common formany years. Simple systems such as signal fires, reflecting mirrors and, more recently

signaling lamps have provided successful, if limited, information transfer. Moreover asearly as 1880 Alexander Graham Bell reported the transmission of speech using alightbeam. The photo phone proposed by Bell just for years after the invention of thetelephone modulated sunlight with a diaphragm giving speech transmission over adistance of 200m.

In microwave system if we double the distance the loss will be increased by 6db. For the shorter distance the loss is higher. In ofc system Optical wire is small size, light weight, high strength and flexibility. Its

transmission benefits includes wide band width, low loss and low cost. They are suitable for both analog and digital transmission. It is not suffered by digging, electrical interference etc. problems.

Wi-MAX

Broadband wireless sits at the confluence of two of the most remarkable growth stories of the telecommunications industry in recent years. Both wireless and broadband have on their own enjoyed rapid mass-market adoption. The staggering growth of the Internet is driving demand for higher-speed Internet-access services,leading to a parallel growth in broadband adoption.

Broadband wireless is about bringing the broadband experience toa wireless context, which offers users certain unique benefits and convenience.

There are two fundamentally different types of broadband wireless services. Thefirst type attempts to provide a set of services similar to that of the traditional fixed-line broadband but using wireless as the medium of transmission. Thistype, called fixed wireless broadband, can be thought of as a competitive alternative to DSL or cable modem. The second type of broadband wireless, called mobile broadband, offers the additional functionality of portability, nomadicity andmobility. Wi-MAX is an acronym that stands for World-wide Interoperability forMicrowave Access and this technology is designed to accommodate both fixed and mobile broadband applications.

SALIENT FEATURES OF WIMAX:- OFDM-based physical layer Very high peak data rates Scalable bandwidth and data rate support Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) Link-layer retransmissions Support for TDD and FDD OFDMA Flexible and dynamic per user resource allocation Support for advanced antenna techniques Quality-of-service support Robust security Support for mobility IP-based architecture

WIRELESS-FIDELITY (WI-FI)

Wi-Fi is a registered trademark by the Wi-Fi Alliance. The products tested and approved as "Wi-Fi Certified" are interoperable with each other, even if they arefrom different manufacturer. It is Short form for Wireless-Fidelity and is meant


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to generically refer to any type of 802.11 network, whether 802.11b, 802.11a, dual-bd, etc.

General description of Wi-Fi Network:A Wi-Fi network provides the features and benefits of traditional LAN technologies such as Ethernet and Token Ring without the limitations of wires or cables. It provides the final few meters of connectivity between a wired network and the

mobile user thereby providing mobility, scalability of networks and the speed ofinstallation.

WIFI is a wireless LAN Technology to deliver wireless broad band speeds up to 54Mbps to Laptops, PCs, PDAs , dual mode wi-fi enabled phones etc.

CONCLUSIONWith the help of our guide our training was completed successfully . Thi

s training give us a perfect view of a modern Telephony exchange. It also consist of Telephone system and the Internet connection. This training gives us basicidea of MSB,MSC, Working Station, modem etc, and various type of communication c

omponent.

In Telecommunication System:- Increased speed and density of Integrated Circuits (Moores Law). Enhanced Transmission capacities on Optic Fibre Networks and Networking Flexibility (Gilders Law). Distributed and Open Platform-based Communication Software. Capacity Growth and new Application Services on Wireless. Emergence of Next-Generation Networks (IP based). Ubiquity of networks through RFID & IPv6 (Next Generation Internet).FUTURE PROSPECTS

Cellular service BSNL CDMA ServiceWireless Connection Wi-Fi Connection

Data Service- Hi-Speed BroadBand Connection, 3G Data card, 1.1X CDMA Data Connection,

Land Line- Optical connection at Home.Now 3G service is most popular for internet service.

LIMITATIONS1. Limited range of services - Only Plain Leased Line Service, Data cards support only up to 64 kbps, no support for N x 64 Kbps.2. From Operator point of view in case of Leased Line Circuit different boxes from different vendors so difficult to manage & control.3. No Centralized Monitoring or alarm or performance monitoring.Therefore we should have a control to all this, we are able to identify before the customer know which circuit has gone faulty. The solution to this is MLLN.

REFERENCE:www.iec.orgStudy materials from RTTC MYSORE, BRBRITT JABBALPUR, NSCBTTC KALYANIwww.bsnl.comwww.google.co.inwww.ieee.eduwww.wikipedia.org

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lan & optical communication