Labor Law Cases Part 3 (1)

8/10/2019 Labor Law Cases Part 3 (1)

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FIRST DIVISION[G.R. No. 123146. June 17, 2003.]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,appellee, vs. ALONA BULI-E and JOSEFINA (JOSIE) ALOLINO,appellants.

The Solicitor General for plainti-appll.Juan Antonio Reyes Alberto III, A B S and Associates for A. B!li-.

Narzal B. Mallares for J. Alolino.

S"NOPSISAppllant# $r %on&i%td of ill'al r%r!itnt %oittd in lar' #%al and i't (*) %o!nt# of estaa+ t

'ional Trial of Ba'!io it. In tir appal +for t o!rt, appllant Alona B!li- %ontndd tat # rlrfrrd t pri&at ondd parti# to r %o-a%%!#d Jo#/na Alolino $o # on#tl +li&d to + a bona!deo&r#a# 0o+ r%r!itr. Appllant Alolino, on t otr and, a##aild t trial %o!rt in oldin' tat # %on#pird$it appllant B!li- in %oittin' t %ri# in $i% t $r +ot %ar'd and %on&i%td.

T S!pr o!rt a1rd tir %on&i%tion. A%%ordin' to t o!rt, Alolino2# a%t# %larl #o$d tat # and B!li-a%td in %on%rt to$ard# t a%%opli#nt of a %oon flonio!# p!rpo# $i% $a# to r%r!it $or3r# foro&r#a# plont &n to!' t ad no li%n# to do #o. T o!rt al#o !pld t r!lin' of t trial %o!rt/ndin' appllant# '!ilt of i't (*) %o!nt# of estaa. Appllant# d%i&d %oplainant# into +li&in' tat t adt a!torit and %apa+ilit to #nd t to Tai$an for plont. B ra#on or on t #trn't of #!% a##!ran%,%oplainant# partd $it tir on in pant of t pla%nt f#. Sin% t rpr#ntation# of appllant#pro&d to + fal#, para'rap 4(a), Arti%l 567 of t &i#d Pnal od i# appli%a+l. B!li-2# %lai tat # did not+n/t fro t on %oll%td fro %oplainant# #in% # 'a& t pant# to Alolino i# of no ont. It $a#%larl #ta+li#d tat # a%td in %onni&an% $it Alolino in dfra!din' %oplainant#. %SATEH

S"LLABUS

6. I8INAL LA9: PENAL PO;ISIONS OF THE LABO O


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On 8ar% 6, 6GG5, t follo$in' inforation $a# /ld a'ain#t Jo# Alolino and appllant#, Alona B!li-and Jo#/na AlolinoC

The undersi$ned accuses A%&NA B'%I(", J&S"#INA )J&SI"* A%&%IN& and J&S" A%&%IN& or +I&%ATI&N ARTI%"- )b*, /R"SI0"NTIA% 0"R"" N&. 112, AS AM"N0"0 B3 /.0. 4526 #'RT7"R AM"N0"0 B3 /.0. 264, co88ittedin lar$e scale, 9hich is an act o econo8ic sabota$e, and by a syndicate, co88itted as ollo9s:

That durin$ the period ro8 March 4554 to July 4552, in the ity o Ba$uio, /hilippines, and 9ithin the ;urisdictiono this 7onorable ourt, the above(na8ed accused representin$ the8selves to have the capacity to contract,enlist and hire and transport #ilipino 9or


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6GG4. 6On J!n 4, 6GG4, E#ta ad r di%al %%3-!p, 6$il A'apito and 8a%li-in' ad tirdi%al Daination on J!l 7, 6GG4. 6*Fia#-o ad r di%al Daination on J!l 4, 6GG4 $il JolOratil ad i# di%al Daination in A!'!#t 6GG4. oplainant# paid for t di%al Daination, tr#!lt# of $i% $r 'i&n to B!li-.

Idiatl aftr %oplainant# ad !ndr'on di%al Daination, B!li- +ro!'t t to No. 66on%ord Strt, Airan2# ;illa', La# PiKa#, 8tro 8anila p!rportdl to introd!% t to r +o##, t#po!## Alolino. oplainant#, D%pt for 8a%li-in' and A'apito, $r a+l to t onl Jo# Alolino on t#a da tat t ad !ndr'on di%al Daination. Jo# Alolino all'dl told %oplainant# tat i#

$if, Jo#/na, $a# in Tai$an follo$in' !p appli%ation# +!t a##!rd t tat t too $o!ld +dplod a+road in a attr of ont#. 6G8an'ili, E#ta, and t +rotr# Oratil $r a+l to tJo#/na pr#onall $n t rt!rnd to t r#idn% of t Alolino# in 8anila to follo$ !p tirappli%ation#. 4Fia#-o and Lapoa#, on t otr and, n&r t Jo#/na pr#onall alto!' t$r a+l to tal3 to r o&r t tlpon #&ral ti# $n t $r follo$in' !p t #tat!# of tirappli%ation#. 46It $a# d!rin' t# tlpon %on&r#ation# tat Jo#/na in#tr!%td Fia#-o and Lapoa#to a& tir di%al Daination# and #%!r tir NBI %laran% in 8anila a%%opanid + B!li- $o# idnti/d a# r a'nt. 44

oplainant# $r a##!rd + on or +ot of t #po!## tat t $r li%n#d to r%r!it o&r#a#%ontra%t $or3r# and tat t %an dplo $or3r# $itin t$o to tr ont#. 45oplainant# $rinford + B!li- and Jo#/na tat dplont for Tai$an i# on a /r#t-%o, /r#t-#r&d +a#i# and tatto# $o %an %opl $it t r!irnt#, parti%!larl t ad&an% pant of P67,, #all +

dplod /r#t. 4@

On dirnt dat# fro 8a 6GG4 to J!l 6GG4, %oplainant# andd to B!li- at Sanitar ap, Ba'!ioit tir ad&an% pant# of P67, for $i% t $r i##!d r%ipt#. 478an'ili paid P66, on8a 44, 6GG4 and P@, on J!n 6*, 6GG4. 4T Oratil +rotr# paid P67, a% in in#tallnt# fro8a 6GG4 to J!l 67, 6GG4.48a%li-in' paid P67, on J!l 64, 6GG4. 4*Fia#-o 'a& B!li- P67, on

J!l 65, 6GG4. 4GIn addition to r pr&io!# pant# ao!ntin' to PG,, Lapoa# paid B!li- P7,al#o on J!l 65, 6GG4. 5E#ta 'a& P67, on J!l 46, 6GG4 56$il A'apito paid B!li- P67, on J!l44, 6GG4. 54B!li- a##!rd %oplainant# tat # dli&rd t pant# to Jo#/na. A#id fro 'i&in't do$npant of t pla%nt f, %oplainant# %oplid $it t r#t of t r!irnt# $i%in%l!dd #!+i##ion of pi%t!r#, +io-data, pa##port#, NBI %laran%# and di%al Daination rport#.

Aftr ont# of $aitin' and d#pit %oplian% $it all t r!irnt#, %oplainant# $r not dplod

a+road a# proi#d + appllant#. Fro A!'!#t 6GG4 to F+r!ar 6GG5, %oplainant# troopd to B!li-2#o!# +!t B!li- rl 3pt on tllin' t to $ait. 9n %oplainant# %alld !p Jo#/na + lon'di#tan% tlpon, t $r al#o told 0!#t to $ait.

9ar of t intrina+l $aitin', %oplainant# $nt to t POEA o1% in Ba'!io it on F+r!ar 4,6GG5, to %%3 $tr appllant# $r indd li%n#d to r%r!it o&r#a# %ontra%t $or3r#. T $rdi#ad to /nd o!t tat appllant# ad no li%n# to r%r!it in Ba'!io it or an part of t ordillraAdini#trati& 'ion (A). On t #a da, %oplainant# /ld tir %oplaint# $it t POEA-A andt Pro#%!tor2# O1% of Ba'!io it.

Aftr appllant# $r apprndd and d!rin' tir dtntion at t Ba'!io it Jail, Jo#/na, tro!'%o!n#l, rf!ndd %oplainant Fia#-o P67, for i# do$npant on t pla%ntf. 55oplainant 8an'ili al#o dandd a rf!nd and $a# paid + Jo#/na, a'ain tro!' r%o!n#l, t #! of P47, for i# ad&an% pant of P67, and a# ri+!r#nt of t a%t!alDpn## in%!rrd for i# appli%ation.5@


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#aid tat # #!+ittd t do%!nt# and t pant# itr to Jo# Alolino or to Jo#/na. 5GS%lari/d tat # did not a& a and in #%!rin' t pa##port# of %oplainant# @and r%i&din#tr!%tion# fro Jo#/na onl $n # %o!ni%atd $it Jo#/na tro!' t tlpon or $nt to8anila. S a&rrd tat # and #&ral +r# of r fail al#o trid to appl for o&r#a# $or3 $it

Jo#/na and paid t lattr P6,. @6

B!li- pr#ntd 8r#. Nontt L'a#pi-;illan!&a, Unit oordinator of POEA-A, to t#tif tat SI $a# ali%n#d plont a'n% and tat Jo#/na $a# a li%n#d r%r!itr at t ti tat B!li- ad dalin'#$it r %o-appllant. 8r#. ;illan!&a t#ti/d tat # a# +n $it t POEA #in% 6G*7. Part of r

f!n%tion# in%l!dd adini#trati& and t%ni%al #!pr&i#ion of t #ta r'ardin' plont, fa%ilitation,li%n#in', inti'ation and onitorin' of t pro&in%ial r%r!itnt a!torit a# $ll a# i##!an% ofa!tori?ation to pr#onnl to %ond!%t in#p%tion of li%n#d a'n%i# in t it of Ba'!io. @48r#.;illan!&a #aid tat, a# pr t %rti/%ation of t if of t Li%n#in' Bran% of t POEA, SI $a# apri&at plont a'n% $it a li%n# $i% Dpird on J!l 6@, 6GG4. Jo#/na Alolino $a# in%l!dd int li#t of t pr#onnl #!+ittd + t a'n% in J!l 6GG a# 8ar3tin' on#!ltant. @58r#. ;illan!&a,o$&r, %lari/d tat li%n## or prit# to r%r!it $or3r# ar trritorial in nat!r #o tat an a'n%li%n#d in 8anila %an onl n'a' in r%r!itnt a%ti&iti# $itin t pla% #p%i/d in t li%n#alto!' t appli%ant# a + non-r#idnt# of 8tro 8anila. S f!rtr t#ti/d tat # %annotr+r if B!li- $a# 'i&n an a!torit to r%r!it in Ba'!io it. @@

Jo#/na, on t otr and, t#ti/d tat on Spt+r 6, 6G*, # $a# appointd a# on of t fo!r8ar3tin'


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$it r tr ti# a ont. Aon' t appli%ant# $o B!li- rfrrd to SI tro!' on of tar3tin' dir%tor#, 8r#. F =o, $a# a %rtain Pr#%illa Laoaan. a%li# #aid tat Laoaan $a# ndor#d+ 8r#. =o to Jo#/na +%a!# it i# t pra%ti% tat $n t appli%ant of on of t ar3tin' dir%tor#%annot + dplod, t appli%ant $ill + ndor#d to anotr ar3tin' dir%tor $it a 0o+ opnin'.

Jo#/na, o$&r, ad tro!+l dploin' 8#. Laoaan $o# pla%nt f ad not +n for$ardd +B!li- to SI.75

On J!l @, 6GG7, t trial %o!rt rndrd a d%i#ion, t di#po#iti& portion of $i% rad#, a# follo$#C

7"R"#&R", ;ud$8ent is rendered as ollo9s:

4.In ri8inal ase No. 44422(R, the ourt !nds the accused Alona Buli(e and Jose!na )Josie* Alolino$uilty beyond reasonable doubt, by direct participation and in conspiracy 9ith each other, othe cri8e o ille$al recruit8ent in a lar$e scale as de!ned and penalized under Article -)b* inrelation to Article -5 o /0 112 as a8ended by /0 264 and sentences each o the8 to liei8prison8ent and to pay a !ne o /466,666.66 each, and to pay the costs.

2.In ri8inal case No. 4442-(R to 444-6(R ) counts*, the court !nds the accused Alona Buli(e andJose!na )Josie* Alolino $uilty beyond reasonable doubt by direct participation and in conspiracy9ith each other o the cri8e o "staa as char$ed in the Inor8ations in the aoresaid casesas de!ned and penalized under Article -4> !rst para$raph in relation to No. 2 )a* o the sa8earticle and sentences each o the8, applyin$ the indeter8inate sentence la9, to ani8prison8ent ran$in$ ro8 si )?* 8onths and one )4* day o prision correccional as 8ini8u8to si )?* years, ei$ht )* 8onths and t9enty )26* days o prision 8ayor as 8ai8u8 in each othe aoresaid casesC to inde8niy ;ointly and severally the oDended parties onstancio Macli(in$, Jessica "stay, Sidolia #ias(eo, John Man$ili, Sabado A$apito, Joseph &ratil and Joel &ratil thesu8 o /4>,666.66 each and Nieva %a8poyas the su8 o /41,666.66 as actual da8a$es9ithout subsidiary i8prison8ent in case o insolvency and to pay the costs.

The accused Alona Buli(e and Jose!na )Josie* Alolino bein$ detention prisoners are entitled tobe credited 1=> o their preventive i8prison8ent in the service o their sentence in accordance9ith Article 25 o the Revised /enal ode.

S& &R0"R"0.7@

In rndrin' t d%i#ion, t trial %o!rt r!ld tat + tir a%t#, B!li- and Jo#/na, %on#pird and%onfdratd $it on anotr in t ill'al r%r!itnt of %oplainant# for o&r#a# plont. B!li-prford t r%r!itnt a%ti&iti# in Ba'!io and Jo#/na, in 8anila. T trial %o!rt #p%i/%all notd

B!li-2# a%t# of a%%opanin' t %oplainant# to 8anila for tir di%al Daination#, #%!rin'%oplainant#2 NBI %laran%# and pa##port# a# $ll a# r%i&in' %oplainant#2 do$npant# for tp!rportd pla%nt f a# an indi%ation tat # dir%tl parti%ipatd in t r%r!itnt of all%oplainant#. T trial %o!rt o+#r&d tat B!li- pra%ti%all %onf##d r a%t# of r%r!itnt in opn%o!rt and 0!#ti/d t #a + %laiin' tat # $a# 0!#t a%tin' a# an a'nt of Jo#/na or $a# a!tori?dto a%t in +alf of t lattr.

A# r'ard# Jo#/na, t trial %o!rt ld tat # dir%tl parti%ipatd in t r%r!itnt of %oplainant#&n if # did not pr#onall 'o to Ba'!io it #in% # r%i&d t appli%ation# and otr r!irnt##!% a# NBI %laran%#, pa##port#, +io-data a# $ll a# t ad&an%d pant# of %oplainant# fro B!li-.Eitr # or r !#+and Jo#, or +ot of t, ntrtaind %oplainant# $o $r +ro!'t + B!li- totir o at No. 66 on%ord Strt, Airan2# ;illa', La# PiKa#, 8tro 8anila. T #po!## rpatdlproi#d to $or3 or a3 arran'nt# for %oplainant#2 dplont a+road.

T trial %o!rt r!ld tat t a!torit 'i&n to Jo#/na a# O&r#a# 8ar3tin'


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#i!ltano!# $it appllant#2 ta3in' t #! of P67, a# ad&an% pant fro a% of pri&at%oplainant#77$i% $r r%i&d + B!li- in Ba'!io it and t!rnd o&r + r to Jo#/na in 8anila.oplainant# rlid on t prtn## and i#rpr#ntation# of appllant# and partd $it #!+#tantial#!# of on a# ad&an% pant# of tir pla%nt f#. A# a r#!lt of t fal# prtn## andi#rpr#ntation#, %oplainant# $r daa'd and pr0!di%d to t Dtnt of t #!# t ad 'i&na# do$npant #in% appllant# faild to #nd t a+road a# proi#d.

In r appal +for !#, appllant B!li- %ontnd# tat t trial %o!rt rrdC

I.IN FAILIN= TO APPEIATE THE


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$o +ro!'t t to t o!# of t #po!## Alolino and it $a# al#o # $o r%i&d fro %oplainant#ad&an%d pant# for pla%nt f $i% # andd o&r to t #po!##. Hr %lai tat # and rrlati $r al#o &i%ti# of ill'al r%r!itnt + t #po!## Alolino i# not #!+#tantiatd.

9 al#o /nd no ra#on to di#t!r+ t /ndin'# of t trial %o!rt tat Jo#/na Alolino %on#pird and%onfdratd $it B!li- in r%r!itin' appli%ant# for o&r#a# plont fro Ba'!io it alto!'nitr # nor B!li- ad li%n# or a!torit to do #o. Hr %lai tat # did not a& a dir%tparti%ipation in t r%r!itnt in Ba'!io it and tat # rl a##i#td t %oplainant# + rfrrin't to SI to fa%ilitat tir papr# do# not rit %rdn%. Tr i# no #o$in' tat %oplainant# &r

#t foot in t SI o1%. T $r al$a# +ro!'t + B!li- to t o!# of t #po!## Alolino in La#PiKa# aftr tir di%al %%3 !p. oplainant#, $o $r $it otr appli%ant#, $r ntrtaind and'nro!#l fd +ra3fa#t or dinnr + on or +ot of t #po!## $o a##!rd t tat t $o!ld +a+l to to Tai$an in 0!#t a attr of ont#. 6Alto!' Jo#/na all'd tat t do%!nt# andpant# $r andd + B!li- to t SI o1%, Jo#/na %o!ld #o$ no proof to #!+#tantiat r %lai. Iti# #i'ni/%ant to not tat aftr t inforation# for ill'al r%r!itnt and i't %o!nt# of "staa $ralrad /ld in %o!rt, #o of t %oplainant# $r 'i&n a rf!nd of tir ad&an%# for t pla%ntf# + Jo#/na r#lf, tro!' %o!n#l, and not + SI.

Jo#/na2# a%t# %larl #o$ tat # and B!li- a%td in %on%rt to$ard# t a%%opli#nt of a %oonflonio!# p!rpo# $i% $a# to r%r!it $or3r# for o&r#a# plont &n to!' t ad no li%n#to do #o. Sttld i# t r!l tat if it i# pro&d tat t$o or or pr#on#, aid, + tir a%t#, at ta%%opli#nt of t #a !nla$f!l o+0%t, a% doin' a part #o tat tir a%t#, alto!' apparntl

indpndnt, $r in fa%t %onn%td and %ooprati&, indi%atin' a %lo#n## of pr#onal a##o%iation and a%on%!rrn% of #ntint, a %on#pira% a + infrrd &n to!' no a%t!al tin' +t$n or aon't to %oordinat $a# and an# i# pro&d. 4

Jo#/na, o$&r, aintain# tat a# O&r#a# 8ar3tin'


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Finall, t trial %o!rt did not rr in /ndin' appllant# '!ilt of i't (*) %o!nt# of estaa. It i# #ttld tat apr#on %on&i%td of ill'al r%r!itnt !ndr t La+or od %an al#o + %on&i%td of &iolation of t&i#d Pnal od pro&i#ion# on estaapro&idd tat t lnt# of t %ri ar pr#nt. 7Tlnt# for estaaarC (a) tat t a%%!#d dfra!dd anotr + a+!# of %on/dn% or + an# ofd%it, and (+) tat daa' or pr0!di% %apa+l of p%!niar #tiation i# %a!#d to t ondd partor tird pr#on.

Appllant# d%i&d %oplainant# into +li&in' tat t ad t a!torit and %apa+ilit to #nd t toTai$an for plont. B ra#on or on t #trn't of #!% a##!ran%, %oplainant# partd $it tir

on in pant of t pla%nt f#. Sin% t rpr#ntation# of appllant# pro&d to + fal#,para'rap 4(a), Arti%l 567 of t &i#d Pnal od i# appli%a+l. B!li-2# %lai tat # did not +n/tfro t on %oll%td fro %oplainant# #in% # 'a& t pant# to Jo#/na i# of no ont. It$a# %larl #ta+li#d tat # a%td in %onni&an% $it Jo#/na in dfra!din' %oplainant#. A# r'ard#

Jo#/na, t fa%t tat # rt!rnd t pant of #o of t %oplainant# $ill not D%!lpat r fro%riinal lia+ilit. riinal lia+ilit for estaai# not a%td + %oproi# or no&ation, for it i# a p!+li%on# $i% !#t + pro#%!td and p!ni#d + t 'o&rnnt on it# o$n otion &n to!'%oplt rparation a# +n ad of t daa' #!rd + t ondd part.

T a%t!al daa'# in t #! of P67, a$ardd to a% of %oplainant# Fia#-o and 8an'ili, o$&r,#o!ld + dltd ina#!% a# #aid ao!nt# a& alrad +n ri+!r#d + Jo#/na d!rin' rdtntion.

9HEEFOE, t d%i#ion of t 'ional Trial o!rt of Ba'!io it, Bran% 67, i# AFFI8E< $it t8O


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r%r!itnt and pla%nt !ndr Art. 65, par. (+), of t La+or od $n ad rpr#ntation# to a% oft %oplainant# tat %o!ld #nd t to Ital for plont a# !tilit pr#onnl. Pro#%!tion $itn##Oflia Bon'+on'a %at'ori%all #tatd tat a%%!#d-appllant proi#d r plont for a f, a t#tion%orro+oratd + +ot %oplainin' $itn### Noli Bon'+on'a and 8illi Pa##i. Hi# proi## andi#rpr#ntation# 'a& t %oplainant# t di#tin%t ipr##ion tat ad t a!torit to n'a' inr%r!itnt, t!# na+lin' i to %oll%t fro t &ario!# ao!nt# for r%r!itnt and pla%nt f#$ito!t li%n# or a!torit to do #o.

4. I


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tat #oti in No&+r 6GGG, $nt to t o!# of Hapon# $o $a# trin' to r%r!it i fordplont a+road. A%%ordin' to t a%%!#d, Hapon# told i to prpar P47,. alto!' tforr &nt!all a%%ptd an initial ad&an% pant of P@,7.. H a'ain t Hapon# t follo$in'ont $n t lattr told i and a 'ro!p of otr appli%ant#, in%l!din' Oflia Bon'+on'a, tat tirr!irnt# $r rad. Tat $a# t la#t ti #a$ Hapon# $o, latr larnd, ad alrad lft fora+road. H $a# #!#p%td of +in' in %aoot# $it Hapon# +%a!# $n&r t lattr and tappli%ant# tal3d, Hapon# $o!ld al$a# point at i, alto!' n&r ad t opport!nit to 3no$$at Hapon# ad a%t!all #aid to t.

B!t t trial %o!rt #!#taind t %oplainin' $itn### and 'a& or %rdn% to tir #trai'tfor$ardand %on#i#tnt t#tioni#. It opind tat all t ##ntial r!i#it# of t %ri of ill'al r%r!itnt inlar' #%al a# d/nd in Art. 65, par. (+), of t La+or od4$r pr#nt >

. . . T a%%!#d ad rpr#ntation# to a% of t %oplainant# tat %o!ld #nd t to Ital a#0anitor!tilit aid# tro!' dir%t irin', $i% %on#tit!t# a proi# of plont $i% ao!ntd tor%r!itnt a# d/nd !ndr Arti%l 65(+) of t La+or od. T t#tioni# of t tr pro#%!tion $itn###tat t $r a%t!all r%r!itd for o&r#a# plont + t a%%!#d and $r ind!%d + i to part $ittir on rtain !ndiini#d pro+ati& $ort and $i't. T r%ipt# (EDi+it# A, , and


11/47

A%%!#d-appllant, r%r!itd at la#t tr (5) pr#on#, 'i&in' t t ipr##ion tat ad ta!torit to dplo popl a+road. A# #!%, i# %ri of %onoi% #a+ota' %an + %at'ori?d a# ill'alr%r!itnt in lar' #%al p!ni#a+l + lif ipri#onnt and a /n of P6,., no$ in%ra#d to aini! of P7,. + &irt! of p. A%t No. *@4, al#o 3no$n a# t Mi$rant or.G

9HEEFOE, t appald d%i#ion /ndin' a%%!#d-appllant ALE BA"TI '!ilt of ill'al r%r!itnt inlar' #%al, #ntn%in' i to lif ipri#onnt and to pa a /n of P7,. a# $ll a# ri+!r#%oplainant# Oflia Bon'+on'a, 8illi Pa##i, and Noli Bon'+on'a t ao!nt# of P5,7., P@,.

and P@,., r#p%ti&l, i# AFFI8E


12/47

ploin' fal# prtn## and ia'inar +!#in## tran#a%tion# to +'!il tir &i%ti#. T %oplainant#$illin'l 'a& tir ard-arnd on to t appllant# in op# of t o&r#a# plont d%itf!llproi#d t + t lattr. It i# al#o &idnt fro t t#tioni# of t %oplainant# tat t d%ption#$r pra%ti%d on t + +ot appllant#, $o %oopratd $it a% otr in %in' t %oplainant# oftir on. A %on#pira% Di#t# $n t$o or or pr#on# %o to an a'rnt %on%rnin' t %oi##ionof a flon and d%id to %oit it. It i# %lar fro t &idn% of r%ord tat appllant#, $o $r li&-inpartnr#, $r o&d + a %oon d#i'n to &i%tii? t %oplainant#. A# a %on#!n%, t arn#d in t #a %riinal lia+ilit for tir %on#pira%, $i% a3# t a%t of on t a%t of +ot.

1. I


13/47

In i# dfn#, Enri! Ta'!+a /r#t %laid tat rl appnd to + at t A"


14/47

T r%ord #o$# tat t pro#%!tion indd faild to #ta+li# tat t appllant# ad not +n i##!dli%n## to r%r!it for o&r#a# plont. It ad o&d to pr#nt %ilia E. !r#o, if of tLi%n#in' and E&al!ation


15/47

8iraf2# dfn# of ali+i i# not a%%pta+l itr. T fa%t tat # lft for orror on 8a 5, 6G*7, andarri&d in 8anila on 8ar% 5, 6G*, do# not pro& tat in +t$n t# dat#, # did not %o +a%3 tot Pilippin# to pra%ti% r d%ption#. T ti%3t# and %rti/%ation # #!+ittd $r not t +#t&idn% to #ta+li# r a+#n% fro t Pilippin# on t dat# t on## $r %oittd. 9at# #o!ld a& #!+ittd to t trial %o!rt $a# r pa##port, $r t oldr2# dpart!rarri&al# aro1%iall indi%atd.

!rio!#l, t ti%3t i##!d to r on 8a 5, 6G*7, + ontinntal for 8anila > orror > 8anila $a# !#d+ r in 'oin' to orror +!t not in %oin' +a%3 to 8anila. S %lai# to a& rt!rnd to 8anila on 8ar%

5, 6G*, +!t &ia Air Na!r! in#tad. 9 # did not a&ail r#lf of t pr-paid ontinntal rt!rn tripti%3t to 8anila rai## #o do!+t on r %rdi+ilit. o!ld it + tat # ad arlir !#d t rt!rn ti%3tin %oin' +a%3 to 8anila and tat # $nt +a%3 latr to orror, fro $i% # rt!rnd to t Pilippin#on 8ar% 5, 6G*, on +oard Air Na!r! Fli't @4 At an rat, t %rti/%ation + t 8ana'r of Air Na!r!i# ar#a and inadi##i+l +%a!# $a# not pr#ntd at t trial to a1r it.

T appll# ar'! tat t %annot + ld lia+l for #tafa +%a!# t $r pr&ntd fro%oplin' $it tir proi# d! to tir in%ar%ration. Ti# i# not tr!. Enri! Ta'!+a a%%opanidNoran Sarrion and =il+rt Fa+ri'a# to orror on


16/47

T indi#p!ta+l fa%t i# tat t appllant# 'a& t di#tin%t a##!ran% tat t ad t a+ilit to #ndt %oplainant# a+road, ploin' fal# prtn## and ia'inar +!#in## tran#a%tion# to +'!il tir&i%ti#. T %oplainant# $illin'l 'a& tir ard-arnd on to t appllant# in op# of to&r#a# plont d%itf!ll proi#d t + t lattr.

It i# al#o &idnt fro t t#tioni# of t %oplainant# tat t d%ption# $r pra%ti%d on t ++ot appllant#, $o %oopratd $it a% otr in %in' t %oplainant# of tir on. A %on#pira%Di#t# $n t$o or or pr#on# %o to an a'rnt %on%rnin' t %oi##ion of a flon and d%idto %oit it. 47It i# %lar fro t &idn% of r%ord tat appllant#, $o $r li&-in partnr#, $r

o&d + a %oon d#i'n to &i%tii? t %oplainant#. A# a %on#!n%, t ar n#d in t#a %riinal lia+ilit for tir %on#pira%, $i% a3# t a%t of on t a%t of +ot. LDLi+

T o!rt a'r# tat t appllant# %annot + %on&i%td of ill'al r%r!itnt on a lar' #%al +%a!#onl t$o of t %oplainant#, J#!# =ar%ia and Elna Santia'o, %at'ori%all t#ti/d tat tir r%r!itnt%a aftr F+r!ar 6, 6G*. Ti# $a# t dat $n P. (a) T pnalt of t ipri#onnt and a /n of On H!ndrd To!#and P#o#(P6,) #all + ipo#d if ill'al r%r!itnt %on#tit!t# %onoi% #a+ota' a# d/nd rin:

DDD DDD DDD

(%)An pr#on $o i# nitr a li%n# nor a oldr of a!torit !ndr ti# Titl fo!nd &iolatin' an pro&i#iontrof or it# iplntin' r!l# and r'!lation# #all, !pon %on&i%tion trof, #!r t pnalt ofipri#onnt of not l## tan fo!r ar# nor or tan i't ar# or a /n of not l## tan P4, nor ortan P6, or +ot #!% ipri#onnt and /n, at t di#%rtion of t o!rt.

P.


17/47

9HEEFOE, t appald d%i#ion i# AFFI8E


18/47

4. I T La+or od pr#%ri+# t pnalt oflif ipri#onnt for ill'al r%r!itnt $n %oittd on a lar' #%al. Art. 5* (+) of t od

pro&id# tat Ill'al r%r!itnt $n %oittd + a #ndi%at or in lar' #%al #all + %on#idrd anon# in&ol&in' %onoi% #a+ota' and #all + pnali?d in a%%ordan% $it Arti%l 5G rof. And Art.5G (a) pro&id# tat t pnalt of lif ipri#onnt and a /n of On H!ndrd To!#and P#o#(P6,) #all + ipo#d if ill'al r%r!itnt %on#tit!t# %onoi% #a+ota' a# d/nd rin. Trar 6@ otr %a## /ldpndin' in t %o!rt# a'ain#t t a%%!#d for ill'al r%r!itnt. T# %a##%annot + ta3n into a%%o!nt for t p!rpo# of Art. 5*(+). 9n t La+or od #pa3# of ill'alr%r!itnt %oittd a'ain#t tr (5) or or pr#on# indi&id!all or a# a 'ro!p, it !#t +!ndr#tood a# rfrrin' to t n!+r of %oplainant# in a% %a# $o ar %oplainant# trin,otr$i#, pro#%!tion# for #in'l %ri# of ill'al r%r!itnt %an + %!!latd to a3 o!t a %a# oflar' #%al ill'al r%r!itnt. In otr $ord#, a %on&i%tion for lar' #%al ill'al r%r!itnt !#t ++a#d on a /ndin' in a% %a# of ill'al r%r!itnt of tr or or pr#on# $tr indi&id!all or a# a'ro!p. 8oro&r, &n if Blan?a and =ar%ia ad +n ill'all r%r!itd #o a# to a3 t n!+r ofpr#on# ill'all r%r!itd fo!r and a3 t %ri tat of ill'al r%r!itnt on a lar' #%al, #in% ti#$a# not all'd in t inforation and ti# i# t or #rio!# on# $i% in%l!d# tat $i% $a#%ar'd, t appllant %an onl + fo!nd '!ilt of t l## #rio!# on# %ar'd, p!r#!ant to !l 64,S%. @.

@. I


19/47

(S=


20/47

9 #all no$ dal $it t# %ontntion# of appllant.

#irst. Appllant %ontnd# tat t t#tioni# of Bitan' and Barada# ar in#!1%int to #!#tain%on&i%tion. S %ontnd# tat


21/47

i# not farft%d tat t ad t r%ipt# ti# $a pr%i#l to %rat do!+t a# to tir ral iport.It i# no!' tat %oplainant# po#iti&l idnti/d t appllant and r !#+and a# a&in' ill'allr%r!itd t and %oll%td on fro t. Tir t#tioni# a& not +n #!%%##f!ll r+!ttd+ t la dnial of appllant.

Third. Appllant %ontnd# tat in an &nt t t#tioni# of t t$o %oplainant# %o!ld not+ t +a#i# for a /ndin' of ill'al r%r!itnt on a lar' #%al and for ipo#in' t pnalt of lifipri#onnt on r. T La+or od pr#%ri+# t pnalt of lif ipri#onnt for ill'al r%r!itnt$n %oittd on a lar' #%al. Art. 5* (+) of t od pro&id#C

(+)Ill'al r%r!itnt $n %oittd + a #ndi%at or in lar' #%al #all + %on#idrd an on# in&ol&in'%onoi% #a+ota' and #all + pnali?d in a%%ordan% $it Arti%l 5G rof.

And Art. 5G (a) pro&id#C

Art. 5G./enalties. > (a) T pnalt of lif ipri#onnt and a /n of On H!ndrd To!#and P#o# (P6,)#all + ipo#d if ill'al r%r!itnt %on#tit!t# %onoi% #a+ota' a# d/nd rin.

9 a'r $it ti# %ontntion.

In ti# %a# t inforation a'ain#t appllant ntiond onl t t$o %oplainant# Fa+ianBarada# and o#alino Bitan' a# a&in' +n ill'all r%r!itd + appllant and r !#+and. T trialo!rt, o$&r, ld appllant '!ilt of ill'al r%r!itnt on a lar' #%al +%a!# a#id fro Barada#and Bitan', appllant and r !#+and all'dl r%r!itd otr#, nal, Lorn?o Blan?a, Ed'ardo=ar%ia, aon 8ndo?a, and


22/47

The Solicitor Generalfor plainti-appll./edro S. astillo for a%%!#d-appllant.

S"LLABUS6. I8INAL LA9: ILLE=AL EUIT8ENT:


23/47

TOES, J.,J pC

odolfo 2Er$in2


24/47

EDi+it = i# a EEIPT #i'nd + t tr %oplainant# a%3no$ld'in' t rt!rn to tr#p%ti&l of t ao!nt# of P4,5., P4,. and P4,7. + t a%%!#d and i# $if $oal#o #i'nd it a# $itn### (t#n G-*-G4 p. @5).

Aftr #!+ittin' to t a%%!#d all t r!ird papr# and !ndr'oin' di%al Daination (+for trt!rn of #aid ao!nt# to t %oplainant#), t a#3d i $n t %o!ld la&. T a%%!#d toldt to $ait for tr to fo!r $3# a# i# papr# $r #till +in' pro%##d + t IS (t#n G--G4 p.67).

9n $a# #till dtaind, told t %oplainant# tat t na of i# a'n% i# %on/dntial +!t to$nr trof i# Erlinda o!ald? $o !#d to + r (#i%) i#tr## a##!rin' t tat $ don2ta& to $orr a+o!t it +%a!# #aid it i# 'o&rnnt pro0%t and tn #aid $ill #%ort !# toPilippin Pla?a Hotl for +ri/n' +for la&in' for a+road and aftr t +ri/n' at t Pilippin Pla?aHotl $ $ill pro%d to POEA $r $ $ill #i'n a %ontra%t tat i# t ti $ $ill 'i& i t ao!ntof P4,. and tn $ $ill pro%d to t r#idn% of Erlinda o!ald? $r $ $ill + #tain'for tr da# (t#n G-*-G4 pp. @-@6).

8ar Ann Na&arro a#3d r fatr for P4,. for r plan far, and #o t ort'a'd tirpiano for P5,. to Sr& Loan 8art a# &idn%d + a proi##or not for P5,. (ED.


25/47

A9 $nt to # En'.


26/47

ad&rti#in' for plont, lo%all or a+road, $tr for pro/t or not: Pro&idd tat an pr#on orntit $i% in an annr or# or proi## for a f plont to t$o or or pr#on# #all +dd n'a'd in r%r!itnt and pla%nt.

In /eople v. /anis, $ ad t prono!n%nt tat an of t a%t# ntiond in Arti%l 65(+) $ill%on#tit!t r%r!itnt and pla%nt &n if onl on pro#p%ti& $or3r i# in&ol&d. T n!+r ofpr#on# dalt $it i# not an ##ntial in'rdint of t a%t of r%r!itnt and pla%nt.

Arti%l 5*(a) %larl #o$# tat ill'al r%r!itnt i# an on# $i% i# ##ntiall %oittd + a non-

li%n# or non-oldr of a!torit.

A non-li%n# or non-oldr of a!torit an# an pr#on, %orporation or ntit $i% a# not +ni##!d a &alid li%n# or a!torit to n'a' in r%r!itnt and pla%nt + t S%rtar of La+or, or$o# li%n# or a!torit a# +n #!#pndd, r&o3d or %an%lld + t POEA or t S%rtar.

8oro&r, r%r!itnt and pla%nt a%ti&iti# of a'nt# or rpr#ntati $o# appointnt# + ali%n# or oldr of a!torit $r not pr&io!#l a!tori?d + t POEA #all li3$i# %on#tit!t ill'alr%r!itnt. *

9 r!ld in /eople vs. Goce, in ti# $i#C

Arti%l 5* (+) of t La+or od, a# andd + Pr#idntial


27/47

AC9 a#3d i $at $r t r!irnt#.

QCAnd $at did an#$r

AC9ll, told !# tat $ ar r!ird to #!+it * %opi# of pa##port, I< poto#, in%o taD rt!rn, pa##port,di%al %rti/%at and t ao!nt of P4,7 and f!rtr #aid tat o!r pla%nt f $ill + P7,+!t all $ a& to pa in ad&an% i# t ao!nt of P4, and t rainin' +alan% of P@7, #all+ 'i&n tro!' #alar dd!%tion#. 64

8aria Tr#a Fa+ri%ant t#ti/d in t follo$in' annrC

S d%lardC

QC9at l# did o! a#3 8r.

T la dfn# %on#i#tin' of #!% +ar dnial# + appllant %annot o&r%o t &idn% pr#ntd + tpro#%!tion pro&in' r '!ilt +ond ra#ona+l do!+t.6

T a%t# of t appllant, $i% $r %larl d#%ri+d in t l!%id t#tioni# of t tr &i%ti#, #!%a# %oll%tin' fro a% of t %oplainant# pant for pa##port, di%al t#t#, pla%nt f, planti%3t# and otr #!ndr Dpn##, proi#in' t plont a+road, %ontra%tin' and ad&rti#in' forplont, !n!#tiona+l %on#tit!t a%t# of lar' #%al ill'al r%r!itnt.

Appllant #o!'t rf!' in t t#tioni# of i# tr $itn### tat $o!ld 'i& %rdn% to t %laitat $a# onl a fa%ilitator of tra&l do%!nt# and not a r%r!itr.

T trial %o!rt did not 'i& $i't to appllant2# all'ation#.

A# o+#r&d + t trial %o!rt, t t#tion of Ed'ar 8a%oao, i# in%rdi+l $i% $o!ld rai# #rio!#do!+t# a+o!t i# oti& a# a $itn##. 6*It al#o d#%ri+# t t#tion of Pa!lo Li a# !n%lar and%onf!#in'. 6GNitr $a# t t#tion of A+dni'o Nri 'i&n !% %rdit + t trial %o!rt.

Adittdl, t /ndin'# of t trial %o!rt a# to t %rdi+ilit of $itn### ar to + 'i&n 'rat $i't anda i' d'r of r#p%t + t Appllat o!rt.

In /eople vs. Reyes(4@4 SA 4@), $ n!n%iatd t r!l tat >
http://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnoteshttp://www.cdasiaonline.com/search/show_article/13959?search=gr%3A+(112175*)#footnotes


28/47

9n t i##! i# t %rdi+ilit of $itn###, appllat %o!rt# $ill in 'nral not di#t!r+ t/ndin'# of t trial %o!rt !nl## %rtain fa%t# or %ir%!#tan%# of $i't a& +n o&rloo3d,i#!ndr#tood or i#applid $i%, if %on#idrd, i't a%t t r#!lt of t %a#. Ti# i# +%a!#t trial %o!rt ard t t#tion of t $itn### and o+#r&d tir dportnt and annr oft#tifin' d!rin' trial.4

In t %a# at +ar, $ # no ra#on to di#t!r+ t# o+#r&ation# of t trial %o!rt. A %arf!l #%r!tin oft r%ord# r&al# tat no fa%t# or %ir%!#tan%# ad +n o&rloo3d or i#applid + t trial %o!rt$i% i't a%t t r#!lt of t %a# $n %on#idrd.

A# aptl pointd o!t + t Soli%itor =nral, to $itC

9it t &idn% on r%ord, it i# ard to +li& tat #r&i%# proi#d + t appllant to ttr %oplainant# $r to %on#i#t onl of i# a##i#tan% in t pro%!rnt of pa##port# anddi%al %rti/%at# for a% of t for t t#l %o!ld a& a#il #%!rd t#do%!nt# at a l##r %o#t. 8oro&r, t fa%t tat t appllant #till %oll%td P4, fro Tr#aFa+ri%ant $o alrad ad a pa##port +li# i# %lai tat i# #r&i%# $r liitd onl topro%!rin' a pa##port and di%al %rti/%at.46

T a%%!#d2# a##rtion tat onl a##i#td in t pro%##in' of pa##port and di%al %rti/%at i#notin' or tan a fri&olo!# D%!# to di&rt t tr!t.

Li3$i#, it i# t #ttld r!l tat a pr#on i# '!ilt of ill'al r%r!itnt $n 'i t ipr##iontat a# t po$r to #nd $or3r# a+road. 44Appllant


29/47

T*IRD DIVISION[G.R. No. 1203+$. Noe-be 21, 1$$6.]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,plaintiD(appellee, vs. ALEAN


30/47

7. I


31/47

a!torit of la$, did tn and tr $ilf!ll, !nla$f!ll and flonio!#l r%r!it and proi# plont to Br!nito t pr#on# of FENAN


32/47

attndd to t pro%##in' of i# papr#, %o!ntd t on 'i&n + i a# pla%nt f and a##!rd itat $o!ld + a+l to la&.

A# t %oplainant# $r not a+l to la& for Japan a# proi#d, Bn0ain Q!itoriano, arlito =!aran' andFrnando Ar%al, to'tr $it otr 0o+ appli%ant#, /ld a %oplaint a'ain#t AlD and Pr% Bnrito +fort NBI. T li3$i# #%!rd a rti/%ation fro t Pilippin O&r#a# Eplont Adini#tration tatAlDandr Bnrito and Pr% Bnrito ar not li%n#d nor a!tori?d to r%r!it $or3r# for o&r#a#plont (ED#. B and B-6), $i% $a# %on/rd in opn %o!rt + =ra%iano O%o, Snior La+or andEplont O1%r $o pr#onall &ri/d t #a fro t r%ord# of t O1%. *

T dfn# pr#ntd t a%%!#d-appllant $o# t#tion i# #!ari?d + t trial %o!rt a# follo$#C

AlDandr Bnrito trid to #o$ tat aftr 'rad!atin' fro i' #%ool, $or3d a# 0pn %ond!%tor ini# oto$n, Binan'a, =on?a'a, a'aan. In


33/47

T %oplainant in i&il a# No. Q-G5-76764, o$&r, $a# !na+l to t#tif: n%, t trial %o!rtd%lard tat t %a# !#t prfor% fail for la%3 of &idn%.67T trial %o!rt tn rndrd 0!d'nta# !otd in t opnin' para'rap of ti#ponencia.

In d! ti, t a%%!#d-appllant /ld i# appal and in i# Appllant2# Brif 6%ontnd# tat t trial%o!rt %oittd t follo$in' rror#C

I.

. . . IN HOL


34/47

if t &idn% i# not 22&nl +alan%d. Not &n a #+lan% of parit i# pr#nt in ti# %a#. A'ain#t tdir%t, po#iti& and %on&in%in' &idn% for t pro#%!tion, t a%%!#d-appllant %o!ld onl or a rdnial and t in%rdi+l %lai tat $a# an !n$ittin' &i%ti of i# #i#tr Pr% Bnrito. Hi#ra+l faild to o&r%o t pro#%!tion2# &idn%, n% t r!l i# !na&aila+l to i. 56

9 no$ t!rn to t %riinal lia+ilit of t a%%!#d-appllant.

Ill'al r%r!itnt i# d/nd in Arti%l 5* of t La+or od, a# andd, a# follo$#C

AT. 5*.Ille$al Recruit8ent.> (a) an r%r!itnt a%ti&iti# in%l!din' t proi+itd pra%ti%# n!ratd!ndr Arti%l 5@ of ti# od, to + !ndrta3n + non-li%n## or non-oldr# of a!torit #all + ddill'al and p!ni#a+l !ndr Arti%l 5G of ti# od. T 8ini#tr of La+or and Eplont or an la$nfor%nt o1%r a initiat %oplaint# !ndr ti# Arti%l.

(+)Ill'al r%r!itnt $n %oittd + a #ndi%at or in lar' #%al #all + %on#idrd an on# in&ol&in'%onoi% #a+ota' and #all + pnali?d in a%%ordan% $it Arti%l 5G rof.

Ill'al r%r!itnt i# dd %oittd + a #ndi%at if %arrid o!t + a 'ro!p of tr (5) or or pr#on#%on#pirin' andor %onfdratin' $it on anotr in %arrin' o!t an !nla$f!l or ill'al tran#a%tion, ntrpri# or#% d/nd !ndr t /r#t para'rap rof. Ill'al r%r!itnt i# dd %oittd in lar' #%al if%oittd a'ain#t (5) or or pr#on# indi&id!all or a# a 'ro!p.

Arti%l 65(+) of t #a od d/n# r%r!itnt and pla%nt a#C

an a%t of %an&a##in', nli#tin', %ontra%tin', tran#portin', !tili?in', irin' or pro%!rin' $or3r#, and in%l!d#rfrral#, %ontra%t #r&i%#, proi#in' or ad&rti#in' for plont, lo%all or a+road, $tr for pro/t ornotC /rovided, thatan pr#on or ntit $i%, in an annr, or# or proi## for a f plont to t$o oror pr#on# #all + dd n'a'd in r%r!itnt and pla%nt.

To pro& ill'al r%r!itnt, onl t$o lnt# nd + #o$n, viz., (6) t pr#on %ar'd $it t %ri!#t a& !ndrta3n r%r!itnt a%ti&iti# (or an of t a%ti&iti# n!ratd in Arti%l 5@ of t La+orod, a# andd): and (4) t #aid pr#on do# not a& a li%n# or a!torit to do #o. It i# not r!irdtat it + #o$n tat #!% pr#on $ron'f!ll rpr#ntd i#lf a# a li%n#d r%r!itr. 54A licensei# ado%!nt i##!d + t


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TM pnalt ofprision correccionalin it# aDi! priod toprision 8ayorin it# ini! priod, if t ao!ntof t fra!d i# o&r 64, +!t do# not D%d 44, p#o#, and if #!% ao!nt D%d# t lattr #!, tpnalt pro&idd in ti# para'rap #all + ipo#d in it# aDi! priod, addin' on ar for a% additional6, p#o#: +!t t total pnalt $i% a + ipo#d #all not D%d t$nt ar#. In #!% a %a#, and in%onn%tion $it t a%%##or pnalti# $i% a + ipo#d, and for t p!rpo# of t otr pro&i#ion# ofti# od, t pnalt #all + trdprision 8ayoror reclusion te8poral, a# t %a# a +.

T ao!nt pro&d to a& +n dfra!dd in riinal a# No. Q-G5-76765 and riinal a# No. Q-G5-7676@ $a# P7,. in a% %a#. Hn%, t pnalt pr#%ri+d a+o& #o!ld + ipo#d in it#aDi! priod. T aDi! priod trof follo$in' t r!l pr#%ri+d in t la#t para'rapof Arti%l of t &i#d Pnal od5Gran'# fro #iD () ar#, i't (*) ont# and t$nt-on (46)da# to i't (*) ar#. 9 add to it t$o (4) ar# and nin (G) ont# for t ao!nt +ond t /r#tP44,. (at t rat of on (6) ar for &r P6,. and nin (G) ont# for t rainin'P*,. + ratio and proportion). Applin' t Indtrinat Sntn% La$, t a%%!#d-appllant %an+ #ntn%d to an indtrinat pnalt $o# ini! #all + $itin t ran' of t pnalt nDtlo$r in d'r tan tat pr#%ri+d + la$, viz.,prision correccionalin it# ini! and di! priod#(#iD () ont# and on (6) da to fo!r (@) ar# and t$o (4) ont#) and $o# aDi! #all + ta+o&ntiond ipo#a+l pnalt. T indtrinat pnalt %an ran', trfor, fro t$o (4) ar#,l&n (66) ont# and tn (6) da# ofprision correccional, a# ini!, to tn (6) ar# and: nin (G)ont# ofprision 8ayor, a# aDi!.

In riinal a# No. Q-G5-76767, t ao!nt pro&d to a& +n dfra!dd i# onl P*7,., a# tr%ipt for t P6,. i# in t na of Sall Flor =!aran', not t %oplainant arlito =!aran'.

T prin%ipal pnalt ipo#a+l i# li3$i# t aDi! of t pr#%ri+d pnalt pro&idd for in Arti%l567 a# #tatd in t idiatl pr%din' para'rap, pl!# #iD () ar# and tr (5) ont# for tao!nt# +ond t /r#t P44,. (at t rat of on (6) ar for &r additional P6,. and tr(5) ont# for t rainin' P5,.). Applin' t Indtrinat Sntn% La$, and t for'oin'di#!i#ition, t a%%!#d-appllant %an + #ntn%d to an indtrinat pnalt ran'in' fro fo!r (@)ar# and t$o (4) ont# ofprision correccional, a# ini!, to fo!rtn (6@) ar# and tr (5) ont#of reclusion te8poral, a# aDi!.

9HEEFOE, t Joint


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T*IRD DIVISION[G.R. No. 1070+4. &!" 15, 1$$+.]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,plaintiD(appellee, vs.


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HI4. I A pr#on $o a# %oittd ill'al r%r!itnt a + %ar'd and %on&i%td#paratl of ill'al r%r!itnt !ndr t La+or od and #tafa !ndr Arti%l 567 of t &i#d Pnal od.T %ri of ill'al r%r!itnt i# 8alu8 prohibitu8$r t %riinal intnt of t a%%!#d i# not n%##arfor %on&i%tion, $il #tafa i# 8alu8 in se$r t %riinal intnt of t a%%!#d i# n%##ar for %on&i%tion.In otr $ord#, a pr#on %on&i%td !ndr t La+or od a + %on&i%td of on## p!ni#a+l + otrla$#.


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Apparntl %on&in%d + Ar#nia on#, t fo!r $nt $it r on F+r!ar 7, 6GG4 to 8anila. Uponarri&al, t pro%dd to oo 46,


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;I

THE LO9E OUT EE< IN O


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t$o or or pr#on# #all + dd n'a'd in r%r!itnt and pla%nt. 479n t pr#on#r%r!itd ar tr or or, t %ri +%o# ill'al r%r!itnt in lar' #%al !ndr Art. 5* (+) of tLa+or od. In +ot +a##, it i# t la%3 of a n%##ar li%n# or prit tat rndr# #!% r%r!itnta%ti&iti# !nla$f!l and %riinal. 4

In t %a# at +ar, a%%!#d-appllant %o!ld a& +n &alidl %ar'd #paratl $it #tafa !ndr t#a #t of fa%t# in t ill'al r%r!itnt %a#, +!t # $a# fort!nat no!' not to a& +n #o%ar'd. N&rtl##, tr i# no do!+t fro a radin' of t inforation, tat it a%%!ratl and %larla&r# all of t in'rdint# tat %on#tit!t ill'al r%r!itnt in lar' #%al. T pro#%!tor #ipl

%aptiond t inforation $it t$enericna of t on# !ndr t La+or od > ill'alr%r!itnt. No i#%on%ption# $o!ld a& +n n'ndrd ad +n or a%%!rat in t draftin'of t inforation %on#idrin' tat tr ar at la#t fo!r 3ind# of ill'al r%r!itnt !ndr t la$. 4Oni# #ipl ill'al r%r!itnt %oittd + a li%n# or oldr of a!torit. T la$ pnali?# #!%ondr $it ipri#onnt of not l## tan t$o ar# nor or tan /& ar# or a /n of not l## tanP6, nor or tan P7,, or +ot #!% ipri#onnt and /n. An pr#on $o i# nitr ali%n# nor a oldr of a!torit %oit# t #%ond tp of ill'al r%r!itnt. T pnalt ipo#d for#!% on# i# ipri#onnt of not l## tan fo!r ar# nor or tan i't ar# or a /n of not l##tan P4, nor or tan P6, or +ot #!% ipri#onnt and /n at t di#%rtion of t %o!rt.

T tird tp of ill'al r%r!itnt rfr# to ondr# $o itr %oit t on# alon or $itanotr pr#on a'ain#t tr or or pr#on# indi&id!all or a# a 'ro!p. A #ndi%at or a 'ro!p of tr oror pr#on# %on#pirin' and %onfdratin' $it on anotr in %arrin' o!t t a%t %ir%!#%ri+d + tla$ %oit# t fo!rt tp of ill'al r%r!itnt + t la$. For t tird and fo!rt tp# of ill'al

r%r!itnt t la$ pr#%ri+# t pnalt of lif ipri#onnt and a /n of P6,.

Hn%, to a&oid i#%on%ption and i#intrprtation of t inforation, t pro#%!tor in&ol&d in ti#%a# #o!ld a& indi%atd in its caption, t on# ad %larl all'd in its body, tat t %ri%ar'd $a# for ill'al r%r!itnt in lar' #%al. Ho$&r, #!% oi##ion or la%3 of #3ill of t pro#%!tor$o %raftd t inforation #o!ld not dpri& t popl of t ri't to pro#%!t a %ri $it #o 'ra& a%on#!n% a'ain#t t %onoi% lif of t a''ri&d parti#. 9at i# iportant i# tat did all' int inforation t fa%t# #!1%int to %on#tit!t t on# of ill'al r%r!itnt in lar' #%al.

A# r'ard# a%%!#d-appllant2# %ontntion tat t !#tiond d%i#ion i# &oid +%a!# it faild to #tat%larl and di#tin%tl t fa%t# and t la$ on $i% it $a# +a#d, ti# o!rt i# not in%lind to 'rant%rdn% trto.

T %on#tit!tional r!irnt tat &r d%i#ion !#t #tat di#tin%tl and %larl t fa%t!al and l'al+a## trfor #o!ld indd + t priordial %on%rn of %o!rt# and 0!d'#. B tat a# it a, tr#o!ld not + a %ani%al rlian% on ti# %on#tit!tional pro&i#ion. T %o!rt# and 0!d'# #o!ld +allo$d to #nt#i? and to #iplif tir d%i#ion# %on#idrin' tat at pr#nt, %o!rt# ar ara##d +%ro$dd do%3t# and ti %on#traint#. T!#, t o!rt ld in 0el Mundo v.ourt o AppealsC

It i# !ndr#tanda+l tat %o!rt# $it a& do%3t# and ti %on#traint#, oftn /nd t#l $it littl to#par in t prparation of d%i#ion# to t Dtnt o#t d#ira+l. 9 a& t!# pointd o!t tat 0!d'# i'tlarn to #nt#i? and to #iplif tir prono!n%nt#. N&rtl##, %on%i#l $rittn #!% a# t a +,d%i#ion# !#t #till di#tin%tl and %larl Dpr## at la#t in ini! ##n% it# fa%t!al and l'al +a##. 4*

In Nicos Industrial orporation v.ourt o Appeals, 4Gt o!rt #tat# t ra#on for t %on#tit!tionalr!irnt t!#C

It i# a r!irnt of d! pro%## tat t parti# to a liti'ation + inford of o$ it $a# d%idd, $it anDplanation of t fa%t!al and l'al ra#on# tat ld to t %on%l!#ion# of t %o!rt. T %o!rt %annot #ipl #atat 0!d'nt i# rndrd in fa&or of and a'ain#t " and 0!#t la& it at tat $ito!t an 0!#ti/%ation $at#o&rfor it# a%tion. T lo#in' part i# ntitld to 3no$ $ lo#t, #o a appal to a i'r %o!rt, if prittd,#o!ld +li& tat t d%i#ion tat do# not %larl and di#tin%tl #tat t fa%t# and t la$ on $i% it i#+a#d la t parti# in t dar3 a# to o$ it $a# ra%d and i# #p%iall pr0!di%ial to t lo#in' part, $oi# !na+l to pinpoint t po##i+l rror# of t %o!rt for r&i$ + a i'r tri+!nal. 5

Undr Art. , S%. G of t 6G5 on#tit!tion tat %ontaind a pro&i#ion #iilar to Art. ;III, S%. 6@ of tpr#nt on#tit!tion, t o!rt Dpr### in Bernabe v.Geraldezt follo$in' rational a# to t $iddi#%rtion n0od + a %o!rt in frain' it# d%i#ionC

. . . In t . . . %a# of 8ndo?a &. o!rt of Fir#t In#tan% of Q!?on it, (L-764, J!n 4, 6G5, 76 SA 5G) %itin' Jo# &.Santo#, (L-4776, O%to+r 5, 6G, 57 SA 75*) it $a# pointd o!t tat t #tandard 2Dp%td of t 0!di%iar i# tat t

d%i#ion rndrd a3# %lar $ itr part pr&aild !ndr t appli%a+l la$ to t fa%t# a# #ta+li#d. Nor i# tr anri'id for!la a# to t lan'!a' to + plod to #ati#f t r!irnt of %larit and di#tin%tn##. T di#%rtion of tparti%!lar 0!d' in ti# r#p%t, $il not !nliitd, i# n%##aril +road. Tr i# no #a%rantal for or $ord# $i% !#t!# !pon pain of +in' %on#idrd a# a&in' faild to a+id + $at t on#tit!tion dir%t#.2 (76 SA 5G at 57) 56

Aftr %arf!l r%tion, ti# o!rt /nd# tat t !#tiond d%i#ion of t %o!rt a HuoDplaind tfa%t!al /ndin'# and l'al 0!#ti/%ation#, at la#t in ini! ##n%, $i% ld to t %on&i%tion ofa%%!#d-appllant. T!#, t #!+0%t d%i#ion of J!d' Balta?ar lati&o


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T t#tion of t fo!r %oplainin' $itn### ar fo!nd to + %rdi+l and rlia+l o+#r&in' tat tan#$rd t !#tion# propo!ndd + t pro#%!tor and t dfn# %o!n#l in a %at'ori%al, #trai'tfor$ard,#pontano!# and fran3 annr and t raind %on#i#tnt, %al and %ool on %ro##-Daination. Tat &n$it t ri'id %ro##-Daination %ond!%td + t dfn# %o!n#l t or tir t#tioni# +%a /rr and%larr tat t $r &i%ti# of fal# prtn## or fra!d!lnt a%t# of t a%%!#d. T rin a%%!#d fal#lprtndd to a& po####d po$r, in!n% and !ali/%ation# to #%!r plont a# do#ti% lpr#a+road. And +%a!# of r fra!d!lnt a%t# a%%!#d $a# a+l to %oll%t fro t fo!r &i%ti# t #! ofP*,. a% ED. A, , E, F (@)M.

;ril, t a%%!#d adittd tat # ana'd a %on#!ltan% /r !ndr t +!#in## na of


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SO O


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!ndr t dir%tion of i# #!prior# and $a# !na$ar tat i# a%t# %on#tit!td a %ri, a not + ld %riinalllia+l for an a%t don for and in +alf of i# plor.

Upon Daination of t r%ord#, o$&r, t pro#%!tion faild to pro& tat a%%!#d-appllant $a# a$ar ofraftrad2# fail!r to r'i#tr i# na $it t POEA and tat a%ti&l n'a'd in r%r!itnt d#pit ti#3no$ld'. T o+li'ation to r'i#tr it# pr#onnl $it t POEA +lon'# to t o1%r# of t a'n%. A rplo of t a'n% %annot + Dp%td to 3no$ t l'al r!irnt# for it# opration. T &idn% at and#o$d tat a%%!#d-appllant %arrid o!t i# d!ti# a# intr&i$r of raftrad +li&in' tat t a'n% $a# d!lli%n#d + t POEA and , in t!rn, $a# d!l a!tori?d + i# a'n% to dal $it t appli%ant# in it# +alf.A%%!#d-appllant in fa%t %on/nd i# a%tion# to i# 0o+ d#%ription. H rl intr&i$d t appli%ant# and

inford t of t r!irnt# for dplont, +!t n&r r%i&d on fro t. Tir pant# $rr%i&d + t a'n%2# %a#ir, Jo#pin On'. F!rtror, prford i# ta#3# !ndr t #!pr&i#ion of it#pr#idnt and ana'in' dir%tor. Hn%, t pro#%!tion faild to pro& +ond ra#ona+l do!+t a%%!#d-appllant2#%on#%io!# and a%ti& parti%ipation in t %oi##ion of t %ri of ill'al r%r!itnt. Hi# %on&i%tion, trfor, $a#$ito!t +a#i# and $a# a%!ittd of t %ri %ar'd.

S"LLABUS

6. I8INAL LA9: ILLE=AL EUIT8ENT IN LA=E SALE: ELE8ENTS. > T lnt# of ill'alr%r!itnt in lar' #%al arC (6) T a%%!#d !ndrtoo3 an r%r!itnt a%ti&it d/nd !ndr Arti%l 65 (+)or an proi+itd pra%ti% n!ratd !ndr Arti%l 5@ of t La+or od: (4) H did not a& t li%n# ora!torit to la$f!ll n'a' in t r%r!itnt and pla%nt of $or3r#: and (5) H %oittd t #aa'ain#t tr or or pr#on#, indi&id!all or a# a 'ro!p.

4. I


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*. I


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di#%o&rd tat raftrad2# li%n# ad alrad Dpird. S trid to $itdra$ r on fro raftrad tono a&ail. all0a /ld a %oplaint for ill'al r%r!itnt a'ain#t o$d!r !pon ad&i% of POEA2# l'al%o!n#l. 6

Mirandat#ti/d tat in Spt+r 6GG@, i# %o!#in a%%opanid i to t o1% of raftrad in Erita,8anila and introd!%d i to o$d!r $o pr#ntd i#lf a# %on#!ltant and intr&i$r. o$d!rr!ird i to /ll o!t a +io-data #t +for %ond!%tin' t intr&i$. o$d!r told 8iranda d!rin' tintr&i$ tat $o!ld #nd i to ora for plont a# fa%tor $or3r. Tn a#3d i to #!+itt follo$in' do%!nt#C pa##port, pa##port #i? pi%t!r, NBI %laran% and di%al %rti/%at. Aftr

%oplid $it t r!irnt#, $a# ad&i#d to $ait for i# &i#a and to pa P47,. a# pro%##in'f. H paid t ao!nt of P47,. to On' $o i##!d r%ipt# trfor. 66raftrad, o$&r, faildto dplo i. Hn%, 8iranda /ld a %oplaint $it t POEA a'ain#t o$d!r for ill'al r%r!itnt.64

La+or Eplont O1%rAbbelyn a$uitlaof t Li%n#in' Bran% of t POEA t#ti/d tat #prpard a %rti/%ation on J!n G, 6GG tat o$d!r and i# %o-a%%!#d, On', $r not, in tirpr#onal %apa%iti#, li%n#d r%r!itr# nor $r t %onn%td $it an li%n#d a'n%. Snontl## #tatd tat raftrad $a# pr&io!#l li%n#d to r%r!it $or3r# for a+road $i% Dpird on

T pr#on# %riinall lia+l for t a+o& on## ar t prin%ipal#, a%%opli%# and a%%##ori#. In case o;uridical persons, the oFcers havin$ control, 8ana$e8ent or direction o their business shall be liable.cdasia

T &i#d Pnal od $i% #!pplnt# t la$ on ill'al r%r!itnt 4d/n# $o ar tprin%ipal#, a%%opli%# and a%%##ori#. T prin%ipal# arC (6) to# $o ta3 a dir%t part in tD%!tion of t a%t: (4) to# $o dir%tl for% or ind!% otr# to %oit it: and (5) to# $o%ooprat in t %oi##ion of t on# + anotr a%t $ito!t $i% it $o!ld not a& +na%%opli#d. 46T a%%opli%# ar to# pr#on# $o a not + %on#idrd a# prin%ipal a# d/nd inS%tion 6 of t &i#d Pnal od +!t %ooprat in t D%!tion of t on# + pr&io!# or#i!ltano!# a%t.44T a%%##ori# ar to# $o, a&in' 3no$ld' of t %oi##ion of t %ri,and $ito!t a&in' parti%ipatd trin, itr a# prin%ipal# or a%%opli%#, ta3 part #!+#!nt to it#
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%oi##ion in an of t follo$in' annrC (6) + pro/tin' t#l or a##i#tin' t ondr# to pro/t+ t %t# of t %ri: (4) + %on%alin' or d#troin' t +od of t %ri, or t %t# orin#tr!nt# trof, in ordr to pr&nt it# di#%o&r: and (5) + ar+orin', %on%alin', or a##i#tin' in t#%ap of t prin%ipal of t %ri, pro&idd t a%%##or a%t# $it a+!# of i# p!+li% f!n%tion# or$n&r t a!tor of t %ri i# '!ilt of tra#on, parri%id, !rdr, or an attpt at t lif of t%if D%!ti&, or i# 3no$n to + a+it!all '!ilt of #o otr %ri. 45

itin' t #%ond #ntn% of t la#t para'rap of S%tion of A *@4, a%%!#d-appllant %ontnd# tat a not + ld lia+l for t on# a# $a# rl an plo of raftrad and onl

prford t ta#3# a##i'nd to i + i# #!prior#. H ar'!# tat t on# $o #o!ld + ld lia+lfor t on# ar t o1%r# a&in' %ontrol, ana'nt and dir%tion of t a'n%. ll%d

A# #tatd in t /r#t #ntn% of S%tion of A *@4, t pr#on# $o a + ld lia+l for ill'alr%r!itnt ar t prin%ipal#, a%%opli%# and a%%##ori#. An plo of a %opan or %orporationn'a'd in ill'al r%r!itnt a + ld lia+l a# prin%ipal, to'tr $it i# plor, 4@if it i# #o$ntat actively and consciously participated in ill'al r%r!itnt. 47It a# +n ld tat t Di#tn%of t %orporat ntit do# not #ild fro pro#%!tion t %orporat a'nt $o 3no$in'l andintntionall %a!## t %orporation to %oit a %ri. T %orporation o+&io!#l a%t#, and %an a%t, onl+ and tro!' it# !an a'nt#, and it i# tir %ond!%t $i% t la$ !#t dtr. T plo or a'ntof a %orporation n'a'd in !nla$f!l +!#in## nat!rall aid# and a+t# in t %arrin' on of #!% +!#in##and $ill + pro#%!td a# prin%ipal if, $it 3no$ld' of t +!#in##, it# p!rpo# and %t, %on#%io!#l %ontri+!t# i# ort# to it# %ond!%t and prootion, o$&r #li't i# %ontri+!tion a

+. 4T la$ of a'n%, a# applid in %i&il %a##, a# no appli%ation in %riinal %a##, and no an %an#%ap p!ni#nt $n parti%ipat# in t %oi##ion of a %ri !pon t 'ro!nd tat #ipla%td a# an a'nt of an part. 4T %!lpa+ilit of t plo trfor in'# on i# 3no$ld' oft on# and i# a%ti& parti%ipation in it# %oi##ion. 9r it i# #o$n tat t plo $a# rla%tin' !ndr t dir%tion of i# #!prior# and $a# !na$ar tat i# a%t# %on#tit!td a %ri, a not+ ld %riinall lia+l for an a%t don for and in +alf of i# plor. 4*

T f!ndantal i##! in ti# %a#, trfor, i# $tr a%%!#d-appllant 3no$in'l and intntionallparti%ipatd in t %oi##ion of t %ri %ar'd. LLpr

9 /nd tat did not.

E&idn% #o$# tat a%%!#d-appllant intr&i$d pri&at %oplainant# in t ont# of J!n, A!'!#tand Spt+r in 6GG@ at raftrad2# o1%. At tat ti, $a# plod a# intr&i$r of raftrad$i% $a# tn opratin' !ndr a tporar a!torit 'i&n + t POEA pndin' rn$al of it#li%n#. 4GT tporar li%n# in%l!dd t a!torit to r%r!it $or3r#. 5H $a# %on&i%td +a#d ont fa%t tat $a# not r'i#trd $it t POEA a# plo of raftrad. Nitr $a# , in i# pr#onal%apa%it, li%n#d to r%r!it o&r#a# $or3r#. S%tion 6 !l II Boo3 II of t !l# and '!lation=o&rnin' O&r#a# Eplont (6GG6) r!ir# tat &r %an', trination or appoint8entofo1%r#, rpr#ntati andpersonnelof li%n#d a'n%i# + r'i#trd $it t POEA. A'nt# orrpr#ntati appointd + a li%n#d r%r!itnt a'n% $o# appointnt# ar not pr&io!#lappro&d + t POEA ar %on#idrd non-li%n# or non-oldr of a!torit and trfor nota!tori?d to n'a' in r%r!itnt a%ti&it. 56

Upon Daination of t r%ord#, o$&r, $ /nd tat t pro#%!tion faild to pro& tat a%%!#d-appllant $a# a$ar of raftrad2# fail!r to r'i#tr i# na $it t POEA and tat a%ti&l n'a'din r%r!itnt d#pit ti# 3no$ld'. T o+li'ation to r'i#tr it# pr#onnl $it t POEA +lon'# tot o1%r# of t a'n%. 54A r plo of t a'n% %annot + Dp%td to 3no$ t l'alr!irnt# for it# opration. T &idn% at and #o$# tat a%%!#d-appllant %arrid o!t i# d!ti#a# intr&i$r of raftrad +li&in' tat t a'n% $a# d!l li%n#d + t POEA and , in t!rn, $a#d!l a!tori?d + i# a'n% to dal $it t appli%ant# in it# +alf. A%%!#d-appllant in fa%t %on/ndi# a%tion# to i# 0o+ d#%ription. H rl intr&i$d t appli%ant# and inford t of tr!irnt# for dplont +!t n&r r%i&d on fro t. Tir pant# $r r%i&d +t a'n%2# %a#ir, Jo#pin On'. F!rtror, prford i# ta#3# !ndr t #!pr&i#ion of it#pr#idnt and ana'in' dir%tor. Hn%, $ old tat t pro#%!tion faild to pro& +ond ra#ona+ldo!+t a%%!#d-appllant2# %on#%io!# and a%ti& parti%ipation in t %oi##ion of t %ri of ill'alr%r!itnt. Hi# %on&i%tion, trfor, i# $ito!t +a#i#. %dpil

Ti# i# not to #a tat pri&at %oplainant# ar lft $it no rd for t $ron' %oittd a'ain#t t.T


47/47

ordr $itin tn (6) da# fro r%ipt of ti# d%i#ion. Lt a %op of ti#

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