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akak.ni lab report group 3 insecta dr fauziah
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shes 1270Biology practical
INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF MALAYAGROUP : FRUITY
VALLEY ROADLECTURER:Prof Madya Dr Fauziah
Abdullah
MALRUPI B. SANGKILING IES 080021MOHAMAD ISHAM B. ISMAIL IES 080024MOHAMAD TAQIYUDDIN B.OMAR IES 080025FAIRUZ BT ABDUL RAHMAN IES 080012NIK ZAHARAH BT NIK HUSIN IES 080048NOOR HASNI BT MOHD FADZIL IES 080049NOR AFIFAH BT HABLI IES 080052NUR SUHAIDA BT ABDULLAH@MOHAMED IES 080064SITI FAIRUS BT HASSAN IES 080083
SURIYANI BT AHMAD IES 080091
TITLE
Insect sampling in orchard area, Botanical Garden using Malaise Trap
INTRODUCTION
A Malaise trap is a large, tent-like structure that used for trapping flying insects
particularly Hymenoptera and Diptera. The trap is made of a material such as
terylene netting that are able to trap insects in it. Insects fly into the tent wall and
because it trapped and cannot go elsewhere, it was funneled into a collection
container attached to highest point. Malaise trap was invented in 1934 by René
Malaise.
INSECTS
Class Insecta is the largest class of arthropods and the only ones with
wings. They are the dominant group of animals on the earth today where over a
million described species. Insects are extremely important to man by their
pollinating activities they make possible the production of many agricultural
crops, including fruits and vegetables; they provide human with honey and silk
although a few of them may cause losses and harmful to human health and food
sources.
Insects possess segmented bodies supported by an exoskeleton, a hard
outer covering made mostly of chitin. The segments of the body are organized
into three distinctive but interconnected units, or tagmata; a head, a thorax, and
an abdomen. The head supports a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound
eyes, if present, one to three simple eyes, if present, ( ocelli ) and three sets of
variously modified appendages that form the mouthparts. The thorax has six
segmented legs (one pair each for the prothorax, mesothorax and the
metathorax segments making up the thorax) and two or four wings (if present in
the species). The abdomen (made up of eleven segments some of which may be
reduced or fused) has most of the digestive, respiratory, excretory and
reproductive internal structures.
The oldest insect fossils date from the Devonian period which began 416
millions years ago. During this time they have evolved in many directions to
become adapted to life in almost every type of habitats.
CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS
Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of insects, comprising the sawflies,
wasps, bees, and ants. The winged members of this order have four
membranous wings; the hind wings are smaller than the front wings and have a
row of tiny hooks (hamuli) on their anterior margin by which the hind wing
attached to the front wing. The name refers to the membranous wings of the
insects, and was derived from the Ancient Greek, humen: membrane and pteron:
wing. The antennae usually contain ten or more segments and are generally fair
long. Only female can sting.
Diptera, from the Greek, di: two, and pteron: wing, possessing a single pair of
wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres which is the hind wings that are
DICONDYLIA MONOCONDYLIA
PTERYGOTA THYSANURA
ORDONATA
PALEOPTERA
BLATTARIA COLEOPTERA
HYMENOPTERALEPIDOPTERA HIMEPTERA
INSECT
NEOPTERA
ORTHOPTERA DIPTERA
reduced to small knobbed structures on the metathorax, function as organ of
equilibrium. The presence of a single pair of wings distinguishes true flies from
other insects with "fly" in their name, such as mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies,
stoneflies, whiteflies, fireflies, alderflies, dobsonflies, snakeflies, sawflies,
caddisflies, butterflies,calliphorid flys or scorpionflies. In common names of
Diptera, the “fly” of the name is written as a separate word.
Diptera is a large order, containing an estimated 240,000 species of mosquitos,
gnats, midges and others. The majority of the Diptera are relatively small and
soft-bodied insects. It is one of the major insect orders both in terms of ecological
and human (medical and economic) importance. The Diptera, in particular the
mosquitoes, are of great importance as disease transmitters, acting as vectors
for malaria and other infectious diseases, other Diptera aid in the pollination of
useful plants and some are enemies of noxious weeds. The mouth parts of
Diptera are the sucking type, but there is considerable variation in mouth part
structure within the order. In many flies, the mouth parts piercing, in others they
are sponging or lapping, and in a few flies, the mouth part are so poorly
developed as to be nonfunctional.
Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterflies. They are
most readily recognized by the scales on the wings, which come off like dust on
one’s fingers when the insects are handled; most of the body and legs are also
covered with scales. This order has more than 180,000 species. The name is
derived from Ancient Greek λεπίδος (scale) and πτερόν (wing). The Lepidoptera
are of considerable economic importance. Natural silk is the product of a member
of this order.
Coleoptera from Greek, koleos, "sheath"; and pteron, "wing", thus "sheathed
wing", Estimates put the total number of species, described and undescribed, at
between 5 and 8 million. These insects vary in length from less than a millimeter
up to about 3 inches. The beetles vary considerably in habitats, and are able to
be found almost everywhere. One of the most distinctive features of the
Coleoptera is the structure of the wings. Most beetles have four wings, with the
front pair thickened, leathery, or hard and brittle, and usually meeting in a straight
line down the middle of the back and covering the hind wings. The hind wings are
membranous, usually longer than the front wings, and at rest, are usually folded
up under the front wings. The front wings of a beetle are called elytra, normally
serve only as protective sheaths; the hind wings are the only ones ordinarily used
for flight.
Blattaria, this name derives from the Latin word for "cockroach", blatta. There
are about 4,000 species of cockroach, of which 30 species are associated with
human habitations and about four species are well known as pests. They can
usually be recognized by their oval flattened shape, the head concealed under
the pronotum, and long hairlike antennae. The wings may well developed,
reduced, or absent; the females of many species have shorter wings than the
males. These insects are rather general feeders.
Hemiptera comprising around 80,000 species of cicadas, aphids, planthoppers,
leafhoppers, shield bugs, and others. They range in size from 1 mm to around
15 cm, and share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. The defining
feature of hemipterans is their possession of mouthparts where the mandibles
and maxillae have evolved into a proboscis, sheathed within a modified labium to
form a "beak" or "rostrum" which is capable of piercing tissues (usually plant
tissues) and sucking out the liquids, typically sap. One of the most distinctive
features of the Hemiptera, and one front which the order gets its name, is the
structure of the front wings. In most Hemiptera the basal portion of the front wing
is thickened and leathery, and the apical portion is membranous, this type of
wing is called a hemelytron. The hind wings are entirely membranous and slightly
shorter than the front wings. The wings at rest are held flat over the abdomen,
with membranous tips of the front wings overlapping. The antennae are fairly
long in most of the Hemiptera and consist of four or five segments.
Orthoptera, from the Greek, orthos : "straight" and pteron : "wing" are an order
of insects with paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, including the
grasshoppers, crickets and locusts. Many insects in this order produce sound
(known as a "stridulation") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs,
the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum or ear is
located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and katydids. These organisms
use vibrations to locate other individuals. The Orthoptera may be winged or
wingless, and the winged forms usually have four wings. The forewings or
tegmina are narrower than the hind wings and hardened at the base. They are
held overlapping the abdomen at rest. The hind wing is membranous and held
folded fan-like under the forewings when at rest. They have mandibulate
mouthparts, large compound eyes, antennae length varies with species. Their
saltatorial hind legs are elongated for jumping.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
1. Malaise trap was set up in Rimba Ilmu 48m from the valley road. A
location map drawn based on this location.
2. 70 % alcohol put into the collection container and was placed at the
highest point in the Malaise Trap.
3. After 5 days, all trapped insects collected from the collection container
were put into a plastic bag.
4. The insects are observed using hand lens and the orders of the insects
identified.
5. 99 % alcohol put into each of the black cap bottle and all the insects were
put into it according to their order.
6. Each individuals of each order were count and all the data filled into a
table.
7. All the insects that have been classified into orders were observed again
and then sorted into families according to their morphological features. .
Species that unidentified were given a code with alphabets.
8. About 1 - 2 ml alcohols were put into the white cup bottle and the bottle
labeled with order and family species.
9. All the insects were put into the white cup bottle according to their families.
10. Every individual in every family counted and the data filled into a table.
11. Picture each of the insect of each family captured.
12. From all the data, the Margalef index, Simpson diversity index and
Shannon Weaver index were used to calculate the abundance and
diversity of the insects:
Margalef Index = (S – 1) / In (N)
S = Number of species
N = Total number of individuals
The higher value of Margalef index, the more abundant the species at the
sampling area.
Simpson index (D) = ∑ ni (ni – 1) / N (N – 1)
ni = Number of individuals of species observed
N = Total number of individuals in the family
Shannon index (H) = - ∑ pi In (pi)
pi = Frequency of the species of the i’th individual
In = Natural log
RESULT
Order No. of individual
Insect
Hymenoptera 41
Coleoptera 8
Lepidoptera 5
Diptera 29
Blatidae 4
Orthoptera 1
Total 88
Order Family Species Individual
Hymenoptera a
b
c
d
Hymenop A
Hymenop B
Hymenop C
Hymenop D
19
1
2
3
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
Hymenop E
Hymenop F
Hymenop G
Hymenop H
Hymenop I
Hymenop J
Hymenop K
Hymenop L
Hymenop M
Hymenop N
Hymenop O
Hymenop P
Hymenop Q
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Coleoptera a
b
c
d
e
Coleop A
Coleop B
Coleop C
Coleop D
Coleop E
2
3
1
1
1
Lepidoptera a
b
Lepidop A
Lepidop B
2
3
Diptera a
b
c
Dip A
Dip B
Dip C
1
1
1
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
Dip D
Dip E
Dip F
Dip G
Dip H
Dip I
Dip J
Dip K
Dip L
Dip M
Dip N
1
3
1
1
1
14
1
1
1
1
1
Blatidae a
b
c
Blati A
Blati B
Blati C
1
2
1
Orthoptera a Orthop A 1
Calculation of Margalef Index, Simpson Diversity Index and Shannon
Weaver Index
Margalef Index
- to measure the species richness at the sampling area.
I Margalef = (S – 1) / ln(N)
Simpson Diversity Index
- to measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a
sample will belong to the same species (or some category other than
species).
D Simpson = ni(ni – 1) / N(N – 1)
Shannon Weaver Index
- to measure diversity in categorical data. It is simply the information
entropy of the distribution, treating species as symbols and their relative
population sizes as the probability.
I Shannon = H = - pi ln (pi)
Order Family Species Individual S N Margelaf Index
Simpson Index
Simpson Diversity Index
Shannon Weaver
Hymenoptera a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
Hymenop A
Hymenop B
Hymenop C
Hymenop D
Hymenop E
Hymenop F
Hymenop G
Hymenop H
Hymenop I
Hymenop J
Hymenop K
Hymenop L
Hymenop M
Hymenop N
Hymenop O
Hymenop P
Hymenop Q
19
1
2
3
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
17 41 4.308520129 0.218292682 0.781707318 2.120679309
TOTAL 41
HYMENOPTERA
1) Margalef Index
(S – 1) / ln(N) = (17 –1) / ln (41) = 4.308520129
2) Simpson Index
ni(ni – 1) / N(N – 1) =
{19(19-1) + 1(1-1) + 2(2-1) + 3(3-1) + 1(1-1) + 3(3-1) + 1(1-1) + 1(1-1) +
2(2-1) +1(1-1) +1(1-1) + 1(1-1) + 1(1-1) + 1(1-1) + 1(1-1) + 1(1-1) +1(1-1) }
41(41-1)= 0.218292682
3) Simpson Diversity Index
1 – 0.22 = 0.781707318
4) Shannon Weaner Index
- pi ln (pi) =
- { (19/41 ln 19/41) + (1/41 ln 1/41) + (2/41 ln 2/41) + (3/41 ln 3/41) + (1/41
ln 1/41) + (3/41 ln 3/41) + (1/41 ln 1/41) + (1/41 ln 1/41) + (2/41 ln 2/41) +
(1/41 ln 1/41) + (1/41 ln1/41) + (1/41 ln 1/41) + (1/41 ln 1/41) + (1/41 ln
1/41) + (1/41 ln 1/41) + (1/41 ln 1/41) + (1/41 ln 1/41)
= - (-2.120679309) = 2.120679309
Order Family Species Individual S N Margelaf Index
Simpson Index
Simpson Diversity Index
Shannon Weaver
Coleoptera a
b
c
d
e
Coleop A
Coleop B
Coleop C
Coleop D
Coleop E
2
3
1
1
1
5 8 1.923593388 0.142857142 0.857142858 1.494175138
TOTAL 8
COLEOPTERA
1) Margalef Index = (S – 1) / ln(N) = (5 –1) / ln (8) = 1.923593388
2) Simpson Index = ni(ni – 1) / N(N – 1) = { 2(2-1) + 3(3-1) + 1(1-1) + 1(1-1) + 1(1-1) } = 0.142857142
8(8-1) 3) Simpson Diversity Index = 1 – 0.14 = 0.857142858
4) Shannon Weaner Index = - pi ln (pi) = - { (2/8 ln 2/8) + (3/8 ln 3/8) + (1/8 ln 1/8) + (1/8 ln 1/8) + (1/8 ln 1/8) }
= - (-1.494175138) = 1.494175138
Order Family Species Individual S N Margelaf Index
Simpson Index
Simpson Diversity Index
Shannon Weaver
Lepidoptera a
b
Lepidop A
Lepidop B
2
3
2 5 0.621334934 0.4 0.6 0.673011667
TOTAL 5
LEPIDOPTERA
1) Margalef Index
(S – 1) / ln(N) = (2 –1) / ln (5) = 0.621334934
2) Simpson Index
ni(ni – 1) / N(N – 1) = { 2(2-1) + 3(3-1) } = 0.4
5(5-1)
3) Simpson Diversity Index
1 – 0.40 = 0.6
4) Shannon Weaner Index = - pi ln (pi) = - { (2/5 ln 2/5) + (3/5 ln 3/5)
= - (-0.673011667) = 0.673011667
Order Family Species Individual S N Margelaf Index
Simpson Index
Simpson Diversity Index
Shannon Weaver
Diptera a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
Dip A
Dip B
Dip C
Dip D
Dip E
Dip F
Dip G
Dip H
Dip I
Dip J
Dip K
Dip L
Dip M
Dip N
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
14
1
1
1
1
1
14 29 3.860664657 0.231527093 0.768472907 1.979618607
TOTAL 29
DIPTERA
1) Margalef Index
(S – 1) / ln(N)
= (14 –1) / ln (29) = 3.860664657
2) Simpson Index
ni(ni – 1) / N(N – 1) =
{ 1(1-1) + 1(1-1) +1(1-1) + 1(1-1) + 3(3-1) +1(1-1) +1(1-1) +1(1-1) +14(14-
1) + 1(1-1) +1(1-1) +1(1-1) +1(1-1) +1(1-1) } _______________________
29(29-1)= 0.231527093
3) Simpson Diversity Index
1 – 0.23 = 0.768472907
4) Shannon Weaner Index
- pi ln (pi) =
- { (1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (3/29 ln
3/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (14/29 ln 14/29) +
(1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln 1/29) + (1/29 ln
1/29) }
= - (-1.979618607) = 1.979618607
Order Family Species Individual S N Margelaf Index
Simpson Index
Simpson Diversity Index
Shannon Weaver
Blatidae a
b
c
Blati A
Blati B
Blati C
1
2
1
3 4 1.442695041 0.166666666 0.833333334 1.039720771
TOTAL 3
BLATIDAE
1) Margalef Index = (S – 1) / ln(N) = (3 –1) / ln (4) = 1.442695041
2) Simpson Index
ni(ni – 1) / N(N – 1) = { 1(1-1) + 2(2-1) + 1(1-1) } = 0.166666666
4(4-1)
3) Simpson Diversity Index = 1 – 0.17 = 0.833333334
4) Shannon Weaner Index = - pi ln (pi) = - { (1/4 ln 1/4) + (2/4 ln 2/4) + (1/4 ln 1/4) } = - (-1.039720771)
= 1.039720771
Order Family Species Individual S N Margelaf Index
Simpson Index
Simpson Diversity Index
Shannon Weaver
Orthoptera a Orthop A 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
TOTAL 2
ORTHOPTERA
1) Margalef Index
(S – 1) / ln(N) = (1 –1) / ln (1) = 0
2) Simpson Index
ni(ni – 1) / N(N – 1) = { 1(1-1) } = 0 1(1-1)
3) Simpson Diversity Index
1 – 0 = 1
4) Shannon Weaner Index = - pi ln (pi)
= - { (1/1 ln 1/1) = 0
DISCUSSION
From our observation, we confirm that Hymenoptera was the major order
in the orchard (fruit trees) with 41 individual insects belonging to 17 species. As
we know, Hymenoptera can be found in large numbers in almost terrestrial
ecosystem and the important is they are responsible for a larger share of
interaction with other species in ecosystem than any other insect group. Ants,
bees and wasps have the ability to adapt to different microhabitat even harsh
one. Although there were non fruit season during the experiment, the orchard still
become the source of food to the insect. The surrounding of the orchard which
was wet after raining attract more insect out and find the food. Ants were known
as biological control and plant mutualism while bees and wasp known as
pollinator. This interaction balance the ecosystem of the orchard.
Diptera was the second most abundant order recorded in this experiment
with 29 individual insects belonging to 14 species. Insect like mosquitoes and
houseflies were found from this order. Both of this insect can pick up bacteria
and viruses that may cause human diseases.They serve as carriers of disease
agents. Houseflies are generally found in greatest numbers during the hotter
summer months, so during this experiment it was not too much because there
were non summer month. One of the most popular living spots of mosquitoes is
the wetlands, usually nice quite place that keep dark a lot of the time. This
explain why we get a lot number of mosquitoes compare to the houseflies.
Beetles is the only insect in Coleoptera order with 8 individuals belonging
to 5 species. It play role as herbivores, scavengers or predators. The beetles that
we collected were come from under the bark of living and dead trees or in
decomposing wood of the orchard. Most kinds of plants in the orchard are eaten
by some kind of beetle.
Lepidoptera are among insect that visit the orchard. There are 5
individuals recorded with 2 different species. Moth play most important ecological
role is in pollination, the transfer of pollen from one flower to another, which helps
plants to reproduce. In general, wooded habitats like this orchard are more
hospitable to moths.Thats why we can collect moth in this experiment although it
is not in large number.
Blatidae was the second least abundant with only 4 individuals recorded
into 3 species. This species tends to be seasonal, with adults appearing in
spring and summer. Cockroach were often found feeding on garbage, sewage, or
decaying organic matter and will eat almost anything. This orchard not provided
garbage and sewage in large amount which is the favourite of a cockroch.
Orthoptera was the least abundant in this experiment because only one
individual recorded. Many species of crickets and grasshopper are herbivores.
There were too many enemies of Orthoptera in the orchard include birds,
mammals, amphibians, reptiles, spiders, insects, mites, fungi, nematodes and
even bacteria. This explain why orhtoptera was the least in number.
QUESTIONS
a. How many specimen were collected?
89 specimens.
b. How many of the specimens are from phylum Insecta?
88 specimens.
c. How many order was collected?
6 orders : Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Blatidae, Orthoptera and
Lepidoptera.
d. In your opinion, which order is dominant?
Order Hymenoptera : 41 speciments.
e. Which order is the most diverse?
Order Hymenoptera.
f. Which order is the abundant?
Order Hymenoptera.
g. What is your opinion concerning the insects found in Rimba
Ilmu/University Malaya or the site?
This study concerns that Hymenoptera was the major insect in the
orchard area.We believe that, it is because of the Hymenoptera which
comprise ants and bees,are most abundant in the area especially bees
which is the best agent for pollination.On the other hand, March is the
month when the fruit season is in the air.Sweet smell of the 70% alcohol
put in the container was the main attraction for Hymenoptera to get into
the Malaise Trap.
REFERENCES
Books
Order Coleoptera
1. Donald J.B , Dwight M.D. and Charles A.T. (1907) Coleoptera. An
Introduction to the study of Insects 4, 335-441.
2. Crowson, R. A 1960. The phylogeny of Coleoptera. Ann. Rev. Ent., 5:111-
134
3. Guilan P.J. and Cranston P.S. (1994) Insects and Plant. The Insects an
Outline of Entomology 1, 253.
Order Diptera
1. Donald J.B , Dwight M.D. and Charles A.T. (1907) Diptera. An
Introduction to the study of Insects 4,536-607.
2. Byers, G. W. 1969.A new family of nematocerous Diptera. J.Kan. Ent.
Soc., 42(4) : 366-371 ; 5 f. (Baeonotidae)
3. Borror and White.(1970) Phantom Midgos. A Field Guide to the Insects 1,
306.
Order Orthoptera
1. Donald J.B , Dwight M.D. and Charles A.T. (1907) .Orthoptera.An
Introduction to the study of Insects 4,
2. Guilan P.J. and Cranston P.S. (1994) Mutualism in Specialized Plant
Structures. The Insects an Outline of Entomology 1, 275.
Order Blattidae
1. Guilan P.J. and Cranston P.S. (1994) Insects of Soil, Litter, Carrion, and
Dung. The Insects an Outline of Entomology 1, 219.
Order Hymenoptera
1. Guilan P.J. and Cranston P.S. (1994) Insects Societies. The Insects an
Outline of Entomology 1, 306.
2. Donald J.B , Dwight M.D. and Charles A.T. (1907) Hymenoptera. An
Introduction to the study of Insects 4,514
Order Lepidoptera
1. Donald J.B , Dwight M.D. and Charles A.T. (1907) Hymenoptera. An
Introduction to the
study of Insects 4,514
Sources from internet
1. http://www.insectimages.org
2. http://www.bugwood.org/entomology.html
3. http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/images/images.html
4. http://www.chenowith.k12.or.us/tech/subject/science/bugs.html
5. http://diptera.myspecies.info/image
6. http://www.coleoptera.org/
7. http://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagegal/coleoptera/
8. http://bugguide.net/node/view/60
9. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/compendium/coleop~1.html
10.http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Blattidae
11.http://www.myrmecos.net/insects/hymenoptera.html
APPENDIX
Malaise Trap
Field site
FRUITY TEAM
Location : Fruit trees in Botanical Garden, University of Malaya.
- 48 metres from Valley Road to the field site (South East).
HERE
LEPIDOPTERA
10X
7.04mm
Family:hesperiidae
10X
COLEOPTERA
10X
5.34mm
4.57mm
Family:Noctuidae
Family:Chrysomelidae
10X
10X
5.79mm
7.64mm
Family:Coccinellidae
Family:Cicindelidae
Family:Curculionidae
10X
10.81mmFamily:Cerambycidae
10X
9.97mm
BLATTIDAE
10X
10X
4.57mm
5.79mm
Family: Blattidae
Family: Blattidae
10X
11.15mm
Family: Blattidae
HYMENOPTERA
10X 8.47mm
Family: Spechidae
10X
10X
7.18mm
8.30mm
Family: Sphecidae
Family: Scoliidae
10X
10X
5.06mm
4.41mm
Family: Ichneumonedae
Family:Formicidae Formica
10X
10X
5.77mm
4.90mm
Family: Halictidae
Family: Vespidae
10X
10X
11.75mm
5.64mm
Family: Braconidae
10X
10X
5.21mm
8.33mm
Family: Tiphiidae
Family: Forcinidae
10X 7.43mm
Family: Sphecidae
10X
10X
4.58mm
6.35mm
Family:Sphecidae
Family: Ichneumonidae
10X
DIPTERA
6.07mm
Family: Tiphiidae
6.00mm10X
10X 11.19mm
Family:Culicidae Ochleratatus
Family:Dixidae
10X 6.45mm
10X
8.43mm
Family : Syrphidae
Family:Syrphidae Milasea
10X
13.46mm10X
4.99mm
Family : calliphoridae
Family : piophilidae
10X
10X
7.90mm
8.21mm
Family : Tachinidae
Family : Tachinidae
10X
10X
4.25mm
4.87m
Family: Culicidae
Family:conopidae
10X
10X
4.95m
5.22mm
Family:Calliphoridae
Family:Calliphoridae
10X 9.71mm
6.17mm10X
Family: Conopidae
Family: Megachilidae Megachile
ORTHOPTERA
10X
3.44m
Family:Arcrididae