La descripción de nuestros alrededores : diferencias y semejanzas

La descripción de nuestros alrededores: diferencias y

semejanzasEtapa 2

Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80Demonstrative Adjectives p. 84Demonstrative pronouns p. 86

Adjectives are frequently descriptive. That is, most often adjectives are used to describe a

noun, or distinguish the noun from a group of similar objects. For example, an adjective

might describe the color of an object. the red pen the blue pen

Etapa 2Adjectives: Part I pp. 77-80

In Spanish, most adjectives change form, depending upon whether the word they modify is masculine or feminine.

Notice the difference between “the tall boy” and “the tall girl.”

el chico alto la chica alta


Adjectives also change form depending upon whether the word they modify is singular or plural.

Notice the difference between “the tall boy” and “the tall boys” ; “the tall girl” and “the tall girls.”

el chico alto los chicos altos la chica alta las chicas altas


Many common adjectives end in -o. These adjectives have four forms. The following words all mean “tall”:

alto alta altos altas


The correct form of the adjective depends upon the noun it modifies. Is the noun masculine or feminine? Singular or plural?

libro rojo .................. red book pluma roja ............... red pen libros rojos ............... red books plumas rojas ............. red pens


Notice how the endings of these nouns and adjectives are similar.

libro rojo pluma roja libros rojos plumas rojas


Adjectives that end in -e also change form for singular or plural. To form the plural, simply add -s.

la chica inteligente las chicas inteligentes


Adjectives that end in -e do not, however, change form for masculine or feminine.

la chica inteligente el chico inteligente las chicas inteligentes los chicos inteligentes


Similarly, most adjectives that end in a consonant do change form for singular or plural, but do not change for masculine or feminine. To form the plural, add -es.

la chica popular el chico popular las chicas populares los chicos populares


Let’s review: • Adjectives that end in -o have four forms:

alto, alta, altos, altas • Adjectives that end in -e have two forms:

inteligente, inteligentes • Most adjectives that end in a consonant

have two forms: popular, populares (form plural by adding -es)



Many adjectives of nationality end in -o. These adjectives follow the same rules as other adjectives ending in -o. That is, they have four forms.el muchacho mexicanola muchacha mexicanalos muchachos mexicanoslas muchachas mexicanas


Many other adjectives of nationality end in a consonant. These adjectives do not followthe same rules as other adjectives ending in a consonant, rather, they have a distinctfeminine form ending in -a.el muchacho españolla muchacha españolalos muchachos españoleslas muchachas españolas


There is another group of adjectives that does not follow the normal rules. Adjectivesending in -or, -án, -ón, or -ín also have a feminine form.el chico habladorla chica habladoralos chicos habladoreslas chicas habladorasel hombre trabajadorla mujer trabajadoralos hombres trabajadoreslas mujeres trabajadorasNOTE: Adjectives ending in “-erior” do not have a feminine form.


Adjectives that are descriptive usually follow the noun they describe.el chico altola chica altalos libros pequeñoslas plumas rojas


Adjectives of quantity almost always come before the noun. Such adjectives tell how muchor how many.pocos librosmucha energíamucho trabajopocas casas


Sometimes, a descriptive adjective can precede the noun. If the adjective is descriptive,but speaks of a quality that is inherent and usually taken for granted, the adjective comesfirst.la blanca nieve ......... the white snow (snow is inherently white)los altos picos ........... the tall peaks (peaks are inherently tall)

Tarea: Ejercicios A,B,C,D pp. 80-82

Ejercicios A,B,C pp. 82-83

In the following sentences, the words in bold all function as adjectives, since they all describe the noun “book.”

Give me the red book. Give me the big book. Give me that book. Give me this book. Notice that adjectives answer the question

“Which?” in relation to the nouns that they modify. (Which book? The red book. The big book. That

book. This book.)

Etapa 2Demonstrative Adjectives p. 84

As you have just seen, the words “this” and “that” can function as both adjectives

Juan reads this book. (adjective) Juan lee este libro.That statue is Greek Esa estatua es griega.


Spanish has three words where English only has two. In English, we say “this” or “that” depending upon whether the object is close to us or not.

In Spanish, we also say “this” and “that,” but there is another, separate word used to mean “that one over there.”

This form is used when the object is more than just a short distance away, for example, on the other side of the room.

Here are the three forms for “this” “that” and “that one over there.”◦ este ......................... this◦ ese .......................... that◦ aquel ...................... that one over there


este libro (this book masc. sing.) estos libros(these books masc. pl.) esta pluma (this pen fem. sing.) estas plumas (these pens fem. pl.)

ese libro (that book masc. sing.) esos libros (those books masc. pl.) esa pluma (that pen fem. sing.) esas plumas (those pens fem. pl.)

aquel libro (that book over there masc. sing.) aquellos libros (those books over there masc. pl.) aquella pluma (that pen over there fem. sing.) aquellas plumas (those pens over there fem. pl.)

Etapa 2 p. 84 Demonstrative Adjectives have 4 forms:

Ejercicios A,B pp. 84-85Tarea:

In the following sentences, the words in bold all function as pronouns, since they all take the place of a noun.

Maria is next; give her the ball. Juan is here; say hello to him. That pencil is yours; this is mine. This book is mine; that is yours. Notice that pronouns replace a noun. (“her”

replaces “Maria” - “him” replaces “Juan” - “this” replaces “pencil” - “that” replaces “book”)

Demonstrative pronouns p.86

éste (this one - masculine) éstos (these ones - masculine) ésta (this one - feminine) éstas (these ones - feminine)

ése (that one - masculine) ésos (those ones - masculine) ésa (that one - feminine) ésas (those ones - feminine)

aquél (that one over there - masc.) aquéllos (those ones over there - masc.) aquélla (that one over there - fem.) aquéllas (those ones over there - fem.)

Here are the corresponding demonstrative pronouns:

In Spanish, the only difference between demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative

adjectives is that demonstrative pronouns have a written accent.

In general, demonstrative pronouns no longer are accentuated, but the accent will be included in your textbook exercises and assessment to help differentiate them from the demonstrative adjectives.

Demonstrative pronouns p. 86

Juan reads this book. (adjective) Juan lee este libro. Juan reads this. (pronoun) Juan lee éste. That statue is Greek Esa estatua es griega. That is American Ésa es americana.

Demontrative adjective vs. Demonstrative pronoun

Remember, the demonstrative pronouns are the same as the demonstrative adjectives, except that the pronouns have a written accent.

this este (adjective) éste (pronoun) that ese (adjective) ése (pronoun) that one over there aquel (adjective) aquél (pronoun)

Demontrative adjective vs. Demonstrative pronoun

Ejercicios A,B,C,D pp. 87-88Tarea:

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La descripción de nuestros alrededores : diferencias y semejanzas