44
L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 1 Daylight Models & Design ARCH 331/431 Spring 2008 Lecture 20

L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 1

Daylight Models & Design

ARCH 331/431 Spring 2008Lecture 20

Page 2: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 2

announcements 6/5/08

Final Exam Alternate Time:

Wednesday, 6/11

4:30 - 6:20

Smith (SMI) 304

Final Exam Assigned Time:

Friday, 6/13

4:30 - 6:20

Gowan 201

Daylighting Design TipsTips for Daylighting with Windowshttp:windows.lbl.gov/pub/designguide/designguide.html

Page 3: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 3

Daylight Design Variations Bookhttp://sts.bwk.tue.nl/daylight/varbook/index.htm

Daylight Design Resources

Physical Models and Daylighting

Why use physical models?

How to build daylighting models

How to test daylighting models

Page 4: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 4

Why use physical models?

Light requires no correctionfor changes in scale: Ascaled model behavesexactly as a full size buildingdoes.

Easy to construct whileproviding valuable insightinto the quality of a space.

Proof of Concept

By modeling an existing space in detail, we can prove thatdaylighting models behave exactly the same as a full size building

Page 5: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 5

Proof of Concept

parametric analysis

Page 6: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 6

Proof of Concept

Proof of Concept

Page 7: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 7

Proof of Concept

Page 8: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 8

2.5 6 9 13 17.522

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Daylight Factor

depth (ft)

270 Wurster (MODEL MODIFIED)

25%-30%

20%-25%

15%-20%

10%-15%

5%-10%

0%-5%

Student Study Models

Page 9: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 9

Student Study Models

Daylighting Study Models

Surface materials areapproximated

Quick modelconstruction allows formultiple variations to betested

Good for bothqualitative andquantitative studies

Page 10: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 10

Exploring Daylight Models:

Real Sky Studies

Advantages:

Best for Qualitative Analysis

• Full Spectrum Light - good color

• Dynamic lighting conditions

• Both clear sky and overcast skyconditions - andeverything in between

How to build physical models

Page 11: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 11

How to build physical models

Scale 3/4” = 1’

Wall thickness

Light leaks

Materials• Why cardboard and paper?• Tape?• The window glazing?• Translucent materials?

Daylighting Tools – Sky Simulator

Replicates an overcast sky(diffuse daylight)

Primarily used forquantitative studies

Measures the amount ofdaylight hitting a specific partof an interior space

This is then compared to theamount of daylight available(daylight factor)

Page 12: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 12

Exploring Daylight ModelsSky Simulator

Sky Dome Simulator Mirror Box

Advantages: Best for Quantitative Analysis

• Consistent, reproduceable conditions for parametric studies

• Simulation of uniform overcast sky conditions only

Openings

Page 13: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 13

Li - Cor light meter

Quantitative Analysisof Daylight Models

isolux plans

daylight sections

Use Daylight Factor:

. Light at Points Inside .Light Available Outside Window

1 footcandle ~ 10 lux

Page 14: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 14

daylight factor graphs

Daylighting Tools – Heliodon

Models direct beam (sunlight)penetration and shading

Models different locations,times of day and year

Not an accurate tool forstudying daylighting

Page 15: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15

Heliodon Images

D E C

J U N

Four goals for designing with daylight

1. Use as much daylight as possible to replaceelectric lighting; bring it deeply into thespace.

2. Provide adequate illumination levels forthe given tasks and purpose of the space.

3. Avoid creating visual discomfort.

4. Consider light as formgiver of architecture;make use of all the visual and experientialqualities of daylight possible.

Page 16: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 16

Goal Two:Provide adequate illumination levels

Dining 5 - 10 fcReading 30 - 50 fcConferring 20 - 50 fcCRT screens 5 - 10 fc

from the IES Lighting Ready Reference

Daylight FactorMEEB Table 14.2, pg. 593

indoor illumination from daylight

outdoor illumination at window planeDF = x 100%

Recommended Daylight FactorsTASK DF

Ordinary seeing tasks, such as reading, 1.5 - 2.5%filing, and easy office work

Moderately difficult tasks, such as 2.5 - 4.0%prolonged reading and normal machinetool work

Difficult, prolonged tasks, such as drafting, 4.0 - 8.0%proofreading poor copy, fine machine work,and fine inspection

Page 17: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 17

Rule of Thumb for adequate illumination

For daylighting, the room depth(distance from the window wall)should be less than 2.5 times theheight of the window head tomaintain a minimum level ofillumination and an evendistribution of light.

Daylight Rule-of-Thumb2.5 x H Rule

MEEB Fig. 14.21, pg. 594

The portion of a space that can be considered “daylit” is the area located 2.5times the height of the window head above the workplane, from the windowinto the room.

Page 18: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 18

SidelightingRule-of-thumbMEEB Table 14.4, pg. 595

ToplightingRule-of-thumbMEEB Table 14.4, pg. 595

Page 19: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 19

Skylights: Light Distribution

Effective daylight distribution ~ 1 times the floor toceiling height in each direction from the skylight

H

Goal Three:Avoid Visual Discomfort

• Insufficient light

• Shadows or patterns

• Veiling reflections

• Contrast Glare

Page 20: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 20

shadows / patterns

reduce contrast glare

Discomfort Glare

• 3 : 1 for Task to Surround (10 : 1 max.)

• 20 : 1 for window to adjacent surfaces

Page 21: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 21

contrast levels • luminance ratios

Task to adjacent surfaces 1:3

Task to surfaces within a 30 degree cone of vision 1:10

Anywhere in the room 1:40

Disability Glare• Reduce puddles and splashes of light

• Minimize veiling reflections

Page 22: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 22

Veiling Reflections

Minimize light that is too directional

Page 23: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 23

Reducing Glare

• light window frames

• wall washing

• windows on two sides of a room

• thick or splayed window frames

• clerestory windows

• lightshelves

• indirect daylighting

light window frames

Page 24: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 24

wall washing

Page 25: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 25

Page 26: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 26

windows on two sides

windows on two sides + wall washing

Page 27: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 27

thick or splayed frames

thick or splayed frames

Page 28: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 28

clerestory windows

lightshelves

• reduce glare by blocking view ofthe bright sky

• wash ceiling with daylight

• create a more even distributionof daylight

• if extended outside past thewindow, they act as shadingdevices – brise soleil – blockingglare-causing direct sunlight

Page 29: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 29

Light shelves rarely produce higher illuminance levels away from the window;however, they often improve the quality of illumination and perceived lightinglevels by providing more even daylighting and reducing glare for roomoccupants.

Emerald Peoples Utility District Building Eugene, OregonJohn Reynolds and G.Z. Brown

Page 30: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 30

Clackamas High School

Page 31: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 31

Clackamas High School

indirect daylighting

• borrowed daylight

• reflected daylight

• daylighting fixtures

• effective skylights

Page 32: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 32

borrowed daylight

reflected daylight

Page 33: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 33

reflected daylight

Rubio Avenue Studio, Tucson, Arizona

Rick Joy Architects

Page 34: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 34

reflectivity of materials

.88Polished aluminum reflector

.70White semi-gloss paint

.35Uncolored concrete

.30Red bricks

.15Brown concrete

.05Flat black paint

Reflectance Material

from SWL, pp. 218-219

daylighting fixtures

Architectural elements in combination with windows or skylights that reflect,diffuse, distribute or otherwise control how daylight enters a space.

Page 35: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 35

daylighting fixtures

Institute of Technology, Otaniemi, Finland

Alvar Aalto

Page 36: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 36

Page 37: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 37

effective skylights

Skylights must be deep enoughto minimize direct beamradiation (sunlight) fromentering the space

Skylights can also double aselectric lighting fixtures at night

Page 38: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 38

Goal Four:Architectural Spacemaking

Daylight can be used as anarchitectural element asfundamental as structure, materialor form.

Daylight is dynamic, changing theperception of a space throughoutthe day and year.

daylight as highlight

Page 39: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 39

leading daylighting

Daylight can be used to highlight certain paths or ways of moving througha space

Alvar Aalto • Seinajoki Town Hall

rhythmic daylighting

Page 40: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 40

material textures revealed by daylight

material textures revealed by daylight

Page 41: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 41

dynamic daylighting

Page 42: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 42

Church of theLightOsaka, Japan

Tadao Ando

Page 43: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 43

Church of Light

Page 44: L20 Daylight Models - University of Washingtoncourses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L20.pdfL20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08 ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 15 Heliodon Images D E

L20 Daylight Models & Design 6/5/08

ARCH 3/431 • Spring 2008 44

Myyrmäki Church, Finland

Juha Leiviskä