L1 Course Introduction & Ecological Design 4/1/08courses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L1.pdf · L1 Course Introduction & Ecological Design 4/1/08 ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008

L1 Course Introduction & Ecological Design 4/1/08

ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 1

Design and Environmental Control Systems

ARCH 331/431 Spring 2008Lecture 1

ARCH 331: Environmental Control Systems

Exams (50%)• Weekly Quizzes (25%)• Final Exam (25%) Friday 6/13, 4:30 to 6:20 pm

Design Exercises + participation (50%)Exercise Subjects*1. Case Study of Climate Responsive Design2. Climate Analysis3. Envelope Heat Transfer4. Shading Analysis and Design5. Thermal Optimization6. Daylight Model Studies

*Exercises may be revised to coordinate with your studio project(s)

ARCH 431: Environmental Control Principles

331 Discussion: Rob PeñaTuesday, 5:30 - 6:20, 115 Smith Hall

431 Discussions: Kevin van den WymelenbergTuesday, 5:30 - 6:20 and 6:30 - 7:20, Gould 440

431 Discussions: Travis AndersonThursday, 5:30 - 6:20 and 6:30 - 7:20, Arch 110


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 2

FINAL EXAM

Friday, June 13

4:30 am - 6:20 pm

COURSE WEBSITE

http://courses.washington.edu/arch3431/index.shtml

required text recommended texts


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 3

First Reading Assignment for

Thursday, 4/3:

Sun, Wind & Light (SWL):Sections 38, 43, 46-47, 49

Reading Set 1(course website):

1.1 It’s the Architecture Stupid,

Ed Mazria

1.2 The New Red, White & Blue,

Thomas Friedman

1.3 Blueprint for Disaster,

Tom Folger

1.4 State of Energy,

NY Times Editorial

1.5 Letter to the USGBC,

Ed Mazria

Salk Institute • La Jolla, California (1959 - 65)

Louis Kahn


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 4

The Pan Nordic Building • Berlin, GermanyBerger + Parkkinen Architekten

Larkin Building • Buffalo, NY (1925)Frank Lloyd Wright


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 5

Phoenix Public Library • Phoenix, ArizonaWill Bruder

Adam Joseph Lewis Center forEnvironmental Studies • Oberlin CollegeWilliam McDonough


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 6

Warkenton Residence • West Marin, CaliforniaVan der Ryn Architects

Mt. Angel Abbey Library • St. Benedict, OregonAlvar Aalto


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 7

Gregory Bateson Building • Sacramento, CA

Sim Van der Ryn, State Architect


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 8

US Energy Use by SectorUS Energy Use by Sector

““A reorganization of existing data -A reorganization of existing data -

combining the energy required to runcombining the energy required to run

residential, commercial, and industrialresidential, commercial, and industrial

buildings along with the embodied energybuildings along with the embodied energy

of industry-produced materials like carpet,of industry-produced materials like carpet,tile, and hardware - exposes architecture astile, and hardware - exposes architecture as

the hidden polluter.the hidden polluter.””11

1METROPOLIS October 2003


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 9

US COUS CO22 Emissions by Sector Emissions by Sector

““While levels of carbon dioxide emissions produced by industry remainWhile levels of carbon dioxide emissions produced by industry remain

steady, those produced by architecture are soaring, signaling a pressing needsteady, those produced by architecture are soaring, signaling a pressing need

for widespread change in the way architects design buildings.for widespread change in the way architects design buildings.””11

1METROPOLIS October 2003

Per Capita Electricity Consumption

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

year

kW

h/p

ers

on

Red States 2004 Election

United States

Blue States 2004 Election

California

Source: California Energy Commissioner Arthur Rosenfeld


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 10

Source: Energy Information Administration Statistics (Architecture 2030)

+ 20,000,000

new mini-power plantsover the next 20 years


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 11

Source: UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

(1.8 degC)

(6 degC)


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 12

United Nations Headquarters • NYC (1950)

Wallace Harrison (developer)Le Corbusier, concept architect


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 13

101 California • San Francisco (1982)

Eli Attia Architects (architect of record)Johnson/Burgee (design architects)


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 14


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 15

1.75 billion sq. ft.

Image by Department of the Interior


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 16

5 billion sq. ft.Image by NOAA

5 billion sq. ft.


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 17

B SF

2035

new

2030 0Challenge

http://www.architecture2030.org


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 18

1. New building project, development and major renovation meet a fossil fuel energy-consumptionperformance standard of 50% of the regional (orcountry) average for that building type.


2. That at a minimum an equal amount of existing building area be renovated to use 50% of the fossil fuelenergy they currently consume.



ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 19

3. New Buildings - 50%2010 – 60%2015 – 70%2020 – 80%2025 – 90%

2030 - Carbon Neutral(no fossil fuel energy to operate)


To stay under the 2To stay under the 2ooCC threshold we must reduce greenhouse gas threshold we must reduce greenhouse gasemissions by 40-60% below 1990 levels by 2050. By enacting theemissions by 40-60% below 1990 levels by 2050. By enacting theproposed Climate Action Plan, we can meet this targetproposed Climate Action Plan, we can meet this target..

Mazria Inc.Mazria Inc.Odems DzurecOdems Dzurec, 2005. (Generated from U.S. Energy Information Administration statistics), 2005. (Generated from U.S. Energy Information Administration statistics)


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 20

How can we meet the2030 0Challenge?

1. design & innovation

passive solar heatingpassive coolingdaylightingsitingbuilding shape, color and orientationfenestration location, size and shapeshadingnatural ventilationmaterials / propertiesbuilding type / density / smart growthpedestrian and transit oriented developmentlandscaping / microclimate


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 21

2. add technology

solar hot watersolar photovoltaicswind microturbinesgeothermal biomassmoveable insulationmechanized shadinghigh efficiency systems & appliancesenergy management systems

3. Purchase green renewable energy or certified green renewable energy credits (1/5 max.)

windsolargeothermalbiomass


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 22

Mazria Inc.

Mazria Inc.


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 23

Mazria Inc.

Mazria Inc.


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 24

Craig Campbell

Zion National Park Visitor’s CenterNational Park Service


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 25

Real Goods Solar Living CenterVan der Ryn Architects

Summer Day Cooling Strategy


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 26

Summer Night Cooling Strategy

Real Goods Energy Savings

The Real Goods Solar LivingCenter uses 80% lessenergy than a conventionalbuilding of similar size.In addition, 60% of theelectricity is produced fromrenewable sources (10KWHPhotovoltaic System and a 3KWH Wind System).


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 27

View from the south-west

The Kirsch Center for Environmental Studies at De Anza College is the lead demonstration building forenergy innovation and sustainability in the California Community College System.

Kirsch Center for EnvironmentalStudies:Annual Electrical Energy Consumption

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

National Average Comparable Building

90.1 Base Bldg. Current Design Current Design WithPhotovoltaics

kW

h/y

ear

(x

1000)

CombinedArea LightsTask LightsMisc. Equip.Pumps & Aux.Vent. FansHeat RejectionSpace Cooling

800

900

1000

$67,785

$61,526

$31,624

$12,461


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 28

Draper BuildingBerea College, Kentucky

First Constructed 1937 - 38Renovated in 2001 - 02


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 29

Before

After


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 30

Before

After


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 31

Draper Energy ModelParametric Studies


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 32

Sioux Tipi • Hailey, Idaho

Airport Terminal at Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSOM Architects

Palmetto House • Florida Keys

Jersey Devil


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 33

Casa Mariposa • Baja MexicoJersey Devil

The Alhambra • Spain


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 34

Falling WaterFrank Lloyd Wright

Fort Worth Water Gardens

Philip Johnson


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 35


ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008 36

Documents

L1 Course Introduction & Ecological Design 4/1/08courses.washington.edu/arch3431/lectures/L1.pdf · L1 Course Introduction & Ecological Design 4/1/08 ARCH 331/431 • Spring 2008