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LOS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem- changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

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Page 1: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

LOS VERBOS

JUICYAn overview of stem-

changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

Page 2: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

THE PRETERITE PAST TENSE IN SPANISH IS MADE UP OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES

OF VERBS:

1. Verbs that have regular past tense endings

2. Verbs that have regular past tense endings but get a spelling change

3. Verbs are irregular in their spelling and their endings

Page 3: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

REVIEW OF REGULAR PRETERITE VERBS:

-ar verb endings: yo -é nosotros/as –amos tú -aste

ud/él/ella -ó uds/ellos/as – aron

-er/ir verb endings: yo -í nosotros/as –imos tú -iste

ud/él/ella -ió uds/ellos/as – ieron

Page 4: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

CONJUGATE THE FOLLOWING VERBS IN THE PRETERITE.

1) Ayer, nosotros __________ (correr) en el parque.

2) Ellos ___________ (mirar) una película anteayer.

3) Una vez yo ___________ (viajar) a Miami.

4) Nosotros ___________ (pasar) tres días en Costa Rica.

5) ¿___________ (recibir) tú un regalo?

6) Yo ___________ (vender) mi coche el año pasado.

7) Marta ___________ (escribir) una carta.

8) Miguel ___________ (comprar) la leche y el pan.

9) Tú ____________ (hablar) con Marisol esta mañana.

10) Ustedes __________ (beber) todo el jugo ayer.

Page 5: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

CONJUGATE THE FOLLOWING VERBS IN THE PRETERITE.

1) Ayer, nosotros corrimos en el parque.

2) Ellos miraron una película anteayer.

3) Una vez yo viajé a Miami.

4) Nosotros pasamos tres días en Costa Rica.

5) ¿Recibiste tú un regalo?

6) Yo vendí mi coche el año pasado.

7) Marta escribió una carta.

8) Miguel compró la leche y el pan.

9) Tú hablaste con Marisol esta mañana.

10) Ustedes bebieron todo el jugo ayer.

Page 6: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

CATEGORIZING PRETERITE VERBS WITH

IRREGULARITIES:

JUICY

Page 7: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

THE J STEMS When conjugated, the following verbs get j’s as part of

their stems:

Infinitive Stem English meaningdecir dij- to say, telltraer traj- to bringtraducir traduj- to translateconducir conduj- to

driveproducir produj- to produce

Endings:yo – e nosotros/as – imostú – iste

ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - eron

Page 8: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

THE U STEMS When conjugated, the following verbs get u’s as part of their

stems:Infinitive Stem English meaningtener tuv- to haveestar estuv- to beandar anduv- to walkpoder pud- to be able toponer pus- to put, place, setsaber sup - to knowcaber cup - to fithaber hub - to be

Endings:yo – e nosotros/as – imostú – iste

ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - ieron

Page 9: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

THE I STEMS

When conjugated, the following verbs get i’s as part of their stems:

Infinitive Stem English meaning

querer quis- to want

venir vin- to come

hacer hic-/hiz- to do, make

Endings:

yo – e nosotros/as – imos

tú – iste

ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - ieron

Page 10: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

LOS CAMBIOS VERBS WITH SPELLING

CHANGES

There are 3 groups of verbs that get regular preterite endings but have spelling changes:

I.-Car/-Gar/-Zar

(Verbs that end with –car, -gar, or –zar and have a spelling change in the yo form only)

II.I to Y Verbs

(Verbs that have an I to y spelling change in the 3rd person forms.)

III.Sandal Verbs

(Not unlike present tense boot verbs, these get a spelling change in the 3rd person forms.)

Page 11: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

LOS VERBOS –CAR/GAR/ZARVerbs that end in –car (sacar), -gar (pagar) or –zar (comenzar) get a spelling change in the preterite yo form only.

A.-Car Verbs: The c changes to qu

Example: sacar

yo saqué nosotros sacamos

tú sacaste

ella sacó ellos sacaron

Examples of other –car verbs: buscar, pescar, tocar, secar(se), practicar

Page 12: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

-CAR/GAR/ZAR VERBS CONTINUED…

B. -Gar Verbs: Get a –gué

Example: pagar

yo pagué nosotros pagamos

tú pagaste

Ud. pagó Uds. Pagaron

Other –gar verbs: jugar, llegar, entregar

Page 13: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

-CAR/GAR/ZAR VERBS CONTINUED…

C. -Zar Verbs: The z changes to c

Example: comenzar

yo comencé nosotros comenzamos

tú comenzaste

él comenzó ellas comenzaron

Other –zar verbs: empezar, cruzar, organizar, almorzar

Page 14: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

I TO Y VERBS

Page 15: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

“SANDAL VERBS” (STEM-CHANGING VERBS)

Remember boot verbs in the present tense? These are similar because they have a stem change in the preterite tense. Notice that the stem change only occurs in the 3rd person forms. Instead of a boot, we have a flat sandal!

Examples: pedir dormir

pedí pedimos dormí dormimos

pediste dormiste

pidió pidieron durmió durmieron

Other sandal verbs include:

(e-i) pedir, servir, preferir, vestirse, competir, seguir, conseguir

(o-u) dormir, morir

Page 16: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

Y… AND…THE OTHER IRREGULARS

These verbs follow their own set of rules! No accents!

The Twins: Identical in the preterite

ir and ser fui fuimos fuiste fue fueron

How do you tell them apart?

Context!

Page 17: L OS VERBOS JUICY An overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense

Y… THE OTHER IRREGULARS

CONTINUED

The Cousins: You can tell they’re related but they are not identical.

dar ver di dimos vi vimos

diste viste dio dieron vio vieron

*Dar “inherited” ver’s –er preterite endings. *Neither dar nor ver have accents.