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Past Tense
Preterite
Imperfect
Preterite vs Imperfect
Preterite conjugation
Regular Verb Endings:
___-ar__ _ ____-er/-ir___
-é -amos -í -imos
-aste -asteis -iste -isteis
-ó -aron -ió -ieron
Preterite conjugationIrregular Yo
Yo spelling changes:
-car -qué-gar -gué-zar -cé
Otros verbos –car
acercarse (to come near, approach) buscar (to look for)arrancar (to pull out, start (engine) chocar (to crash)colocar (to place, put) complicar (to complicate)comunicar (to communicate) criticar (to criticize, critique)dedicar (to dedicate, devote) educar (to educate)embarcarse (to board, go on board) marcar (to dial, mark)equivocarse (to make a mistake) masticar (to chew)fabricar (to make, manufacture) pescar (to fish)justificar (to justify, give a reason for) platicar (to chat)practicar (to practice) secar (to dry)explicar (to explain)sacar (to take out, remove, receive [grades])
Otros verbos –gar
agregar (to add) ahogarse (to drown)apagar (to turn off) cargar (to carry, load)castigar (to punish) despegar (to take off, peel off)pagar (to pay) pegar (to hit, glue)tragar (to swallow) llegar (to arrive)encargar (to put in charge, order [goods])Stem changerscolgar (ue) (to hang up) fregar (ie) to wash dishes, scrub)negar (ie) (to deny) regar (ie) (to water plants)jugar (ue) (to play a game, sports)rogar (ue) (to beg)
Otros verbos –zar
almorzar (to eat lunch) abrazar (to hug)
aterrizar (to land) cruzar (to cross)
comenzar (ie) (to begin) empezar (ie) (to begin)
especializarse en (to specialize in, major in)
garantizar (to guarantee) gozar (to enjoy)
lanzar (to throw) rezar (to pray)
realizar (to carry out, attain, realize)
tranquilizar (to calm down)
tropezar (ie) (to trip, stumble) utilizar (to use, make use of)
Preterite Irregular Conjugation -uve group
andar- to walk – anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvisteis, anduvieron
tener- to have– tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron
estar- to be– estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron
Preterite Irregular Conjugation I group
hacer- to do, to make– hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron
venir- to come– vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron
querer- to want– quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron
Preterite Irregular Conjugation J group
traer- to bring– traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron
decir- to have– dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron
traducir- to translate
(all -ucir verbs like conducir to drive)– traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron
Preterite Irregular Conjugation supe, pu-, pu- group
saber- to know– supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron
poner- to put– puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron
poder- to be able– pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron
Preterite Irregular ConjugationOther Verbs
caber- to fit– cupe, cupiste, cupo, cupimos, cupisteis, cupieron
satisfacer- – satisfice, satisficiste, satisfizo, satisficimos, satisficisteis, satisficieron
Preterite Irregular Conjugation
Ser- to be and ir- to go. (You know which verb it is by using context of the sentence)
fui fuimos
fuiste fuisteis
fue fueron
Dar and Ver
dar- to give ver- to see
di dimos vi vimos
diste disteis viste visteis
dio dieron vio vieron
Preterite Stem Changers
Stem changes occur in –ir verbs only. Stem changes occur in él/ella/Ud. and
ellos/ellas/Uds only. Stem changes are:
– e i– o u
Preterite Stem Changers
sentir (ei, i) (to feel) advertir (ei, i) (to warn)
convertir (ei, i) (to convert) convertirse (ei, i) (to become)
divertir (ei, i) (to amuse) mentir (ei, i) (to lie)
divertirse (ei, i) (to amuse oneself) preferir (ei, i) (to prefer)
sentir (ei, i) (to feel, be sorry) sentirse (ei, i) (to feel)
dormir (ue, u) (to sleep) morir (ue, u) (to die)
dormirse (ue, u) (to fall asleep)
Preterite Stem Changers
servir (i, i) (to serve) medir (i, i) (to measure)
repetir (i, i) (to repeat) seguir (i, i) (to continue)
despedir (i, i) (to fire someone) vestir (i, i) (to dress)
pedir (i, i) (to ask for, request) reír (i, i) (to smile)
conseguir (i, i) (to get, obtain) sonreír (i, i) (to laugh)
vestirse (i, i) (to dress oneself) freír (i, i) (to fry)
despedirse de (i, i) (to say good-bye to)
Preterite conjugationi to y change (not –uir)
Verbs that end in –er or –ir whose stem ends in a vowel, change i to y in the 3rd person forms, él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds only.
leer
leí leímos
leíste leistéis
leyó leyeroncaerse (to fall down), creer (to believe), oír (to hear), poseer (to posess)
Preterite conjugation-uir verbs (not –guir verbs)
Verbs ending in –uir also change i to y.
(Note: there are no accents on tú, nosotros, y vosotros)
concluir- (to conclude)
concluí concluimos
concluiste concluisteis
concluyó concluyeron
Preterite conjugation Other –uir Verbs
atribuir (to attribute)
construir (to build)
contribuir (to contribute)
distribuir (to distribute)
huir (to flee)
incluir (to include)
Translation
The English Translation for the preterite is:
Yo hablé- I spoke
Preterit Trigger Words:
• ayer• anteayer• una vez• alguna vez• dos veces• por primera
vez• luego• entonces• de repente• de pronto
• el domingo• el sábado
pasado• el fin de
semana pasado
• por fin• finalmente• durante• cuando
• anoche• hace # años
que ..• un día • la semana
pasada• el otro día• el mes/año
pasado el día anterior
Preterite Uses:
Specific Action Happened Once Specific Point in Time Sequential Actions Narration (AKA telling a story) Interrupting Action Beginning or End of an action in past
Imperfect Regular Verb Endings:
__-ar__ -er/-ir_ _
-aba -ábamos -ía -íamos
-abas -abais -ías -íais
-aba -aban -ía -ían
Imperfect 3 irregular verbs:
__ir__ __ser__ __ver__
iba íbamos era éramos veía veíamos
ibas ibais eras erais veías veíais
iba iban era eran veía veían
Imperfect Translation
The English Translation for the imperfect is:
I used to speak
Yo hablaba- I was speaking
I would speak
I spoke
Imperfect Trigger Words:
• algunas veces• generalmente• por lo general• muchas veces• todos los días• a menudo • siempre• los lunes/los martes • raramente• rara vez
• frecuentemente• a veces• mientras• de vez en cuando• cada (día, año, etc.)• los fines de semana• antes• en el pasado• a menudo• usualmente
Imperfect Uses:
Repeated Action Continuous Action Habitual Actions (aka “Used to”) Descriptions/ Physical Appearance/ Emotional State Background Info Day/Date/Weather/Age 2 Actions Occurring at the Same Time An ongoing action interrupted by another action
(2nd action is preterite)
Comparing Usage
Preterite Specific Action Happened Once Specific Point in Time Sequential Actions Narration (AKA telling a story) Interrupting Action Beginning or End of an action
in past
Imperfect Repeated Action Continuous Action Habitual Actions (aka “Used to”) Descriptions/ Physical
Appearance/ Emotional State Background Info Day/Date/Weather/Age 2 Actions Occurring at the Same
Time An ongoing action interrupted by
another action (2nd action is preterite)
Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning
Verb Preterite Imperfect Conocer Conocí- I met Conocía- I knew(to know a person or place) saber Supe- I found out Sabía- I knew(to know a fact or how to do something) pensar Pensé- It dawned on me Pensaba- I thought(to think) I realized
poder Pude- I managed Podía- I could (to be able, can) I was able
Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning
Verb Preterite Imperfect
no poder No pude- I couldn´t (failed to) No podía- I couldn´t(to not be able) (a specific effort and (No reference to specific
failure implied) effort or failure) querer Quise- I tried Quería- I wanted(to want) no querer No quise- I refused No quería- I didn´t (to not want) want to tener Tuve- I got Tenía- I had(to have)
Preterite vs Imperfect: verbs that change meaning
Verb Preterite Imperfect
tener que Tuve que...- I had to... Tenía que...- I was
(to have to...) supposed to...
costar Costó- It cost Costaba- It cost
(to cost) (and I bought it (implies that I didn´t buy it)