L 09 ImplementingRules

Hydrologic Engineering Center

Creating Operation Rules

The How To’s…

Outline

Define some terms

Review the Crazy Mountain Regulation Manual

Identify the Operation Plan

Identify the zones and rules

Create an operation set

Specify zones

Create at-site rules

Physical Constraint – Outlet maximum discharge capacity and rate of increase or decrease constraints

Operational Constraint – A regulation. A requirement defined in the Water Control Plan. A limit on the release.

At-site Constraint – An operational constraint specified for the reservoir itself or one of its outlets; not a downstream constraint.

Definitions

Operational Zone – A portion or range of the reservoir pool for which certain constraints have been specified.

Operation Rule – The ResSim data input form used to specify an operational constraint so that the constraint can be simulated.

Operation Set – The set of zones and rules the describe a water control plan

Rule Types – The specific kinds of rules that you can define with ResSim: Release Functions Downstream Control Functions Elevation or Flow Rate of Change Limits, etc.

More Definitions

PertinentData

Look for the basics of the reservoir purpose and its operating constraints

Keywords and phrases: Channel Capacity Project Purposes

Flood Control, Water Supply, Hydropower

Pools or Pool Levels Major and Normal Flood

Control, Conservation, Drought Contingency, Buffer, Dead Pool, …

Contents

Look at the table of Contents and any Lists of Figures, Tables, and Plates or Exhibits

Keywords and phrases: Water Control Plan Regulation Plan Instructions to

Operators Operating Zones Flood Control, etc. Required Flow Energy Requirements

Water Control Plan

Read the text CAREFULLY.

Look for descriptions of any limits or requirements that the reservoir must meet.

Look for pool levels that affect the limits or requirements.

Tables are great…but some

constraints are only mentioned in the text !

Constraints...

Can you find a Rate of Changeconstraint?

How about an at-site Releaserequirement?

In the Reservoir editor, select the Operations tab

From the Operations menu, select Duplicate.

Give it a name and description and click OK.

Adjust the Duplicated Zones with New Names, Parameters, etc.

Another Way to Create an Operation Set…

Creating a Rule…

1. Select a zone to add the rule to…

2. Select New from the Rule menu…

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Creating a Rule…

3. Select the reservoir “release element” the rule will affect: The pool (that’s the reservoir itself) The dam or an outlet group A specific outlet

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Creating a Rule…

4. Select the rule type… Release Function, Downstream Control Function etc.

5. Finally, name the rule.

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“Operates Releases From”…

The Reservoir Element that rules can affect or apply to…

Reservoir Pool Dam Controlled Outlet Power Plant Pump Outlet Group Diverted Outlet Group

Flow Rate of Change Rules

Function of Constant

Reservoir Inflow

Release

Pool Elevation

Release Rate of Change is Instantaneous

Type Increasing

Decreasing

Elevation Rate of Change Rules

Function of Constant

Reservoir Inflow

Release

Type Increasing

Decreasing

Instantaneous

Period Average

Release Function Rules

Function of: Date Date & Time Model Variable External

Variable State Variable

Limit Type Minimum Maximum Specified

Interpolation Linear Step

Function of Date

Function of Model Variable

Function of External Variable

Additional Modifiers

Period Average Limit Daily, Weekly

Hour-of-Day & Day-of-Week Multipliers Hourly & Daily On/Off ( 1=on, 0=off ) Hourly/Daily Factors ( 0.1=10%, 2.0=200%, etc )

Rising/Falling Condition Invoke this option if this rule should be valid only when the

pool or inflow is rising or falling?

Seasonal Variation Allow one of the function rules to vary seasonally.

Period Average Limit

Period None Daily Weekly

Starting Day of Period For weekly only, set the

start day of the week

Daily Pattern Acts as a weighting

pattern for meeting the flow requirement

Hour of Day & Day of Week Multipliers

Rising/Falling Condition

Condition Rising Rising or Constant Falling or Constant Falling

Parameter Pool Elevation Inflow

Averaging Period The number of hours over which the condition will be

determined.

Tolerance The amount by which the beginning and end of the period

can differ and still be considered constant.

Seasonal Variation

Specifying Operations

HEC-ResSim Operating Rule Types

Release Function (at-site) O D R Flow Rate of Change Limit O D R Elev Rate of Change Limit R

Downstream Control Function R

Induced Surcharge R Tandem Operation R Hydropower … O … A rule can be applied to:

O=Outlet D=Dam or Group R=Reservoir

Creating a Downstream Rule…

…Reservoir Editor…Operations tab…Choose an

Operation Set…Select a zone

1. Right click on the zone and select Add New Rule

Or, from the Rule menu, select New.


2. Select the Reservoirfrom the “Operates Release From” list.

3. Select Downstream Control Function from the “Rule Type” list.


The New Rule dialog changes - a new list is added…

4. Select the Downstream Location from the “Downstream Location” list.

5. Name the rule6. Press OK.


7. Define the rule in the same way as for a Release Function rule…

8. Additional field: Parameter.. Flow Stage

…if specifying stage, you must enter a flow/stage rating curve at the downstream location

More about…Downstream Control Rules

A grey square appears around each control point

Network Module: if a downstream control rule exists(even if not used)

Simulation Module: if a downstream control is used in the current operation set of the active alternative

A downstream control rule defined at one reservoir can be assigned to other reservoirs upstream of the control point (Select Use Existing from Rule Menu)

In one reservoir…

Create a Downstream Control rule for the common downstream location.

Defining…Parallel Operation

In a parallel reservoir…

Apply the sameDownstream Control rule (Use Existing…)

Defining…Parallel Operation

Add a Tandem rule to the upstream reservoir of the tandem system

Select the Downstream Reservoir to operate for

NOTE: Tandem rules are “specified flow” rules (both Min and Max); as such they are usually positioned as the lowest priority rules – so they don’t take over…

Defining…Tandem Operation

Defining Rule Priority

Rule Priority:the order in which rules are evaluated and applied to the “allowable range”

In HEC-ResSim, rules appear in each zone of the Operations Tree in order of their priority (highest priority is at the top of the list)

Priority can differ by zone…

And Explicit System Storage Balance is defined using the Reservoir Systems Editor

In this example… Flood Control Storage is “Balanced” with Adam 90% full & Adam RG 10% full. This balance will tend to keep Adam RG’s flood pool emptierthan Adam’s

Defining… an Explicit Storage Balance

Components of a System Storage Balance

A Reservoir System (a set of reservoirs)

A System Storage Balance (similar in concept to an Operation Set for an single reservoir)

System Storage Zones

Specification of Percent of Zone Storage for each reservoir in the system – from full to empty


Procedure Create a Reservoir System and edit the set of

reservoirs included in the system.

Create a System Storage Balance, selecting one Operation Set from each of the reservoirs included in the system.

Create one or more System Storage Zones based on existing Reservoir Storage Zones and enter %Storage in the balancing table. (%Storage defines how you want to balance)


Open the Reservoir Systems Editor

Edit Menu -> Reservoir Systems

Create a NewReservoir System


Edit the Reservoir Set

Select the reservoirs that operate together for a common objective


Create a New System Balance The System Balance is the

“Operation Set” of the reservoir system

For each reservoir in the system, Select an Operation Set that reflects that reservoir’s system operations

NOTE: You will need a System Balance for each Alternative in which the selection of operation sets varies for the system reservoirs


Create NewSystem Zones

At a minimum, you should create… A zone for the

storage abovethe Guide Curve

A zone for the storage belowthe Guide Curve

An Inactive Zone


For each System Zone…

Select the corresponding Storage Zone for each reservoir

Fill out the balance table for each zone for each reservoir


In the ResSim Alternative Editor… Select one of the

defined System Balance sets (or NONE) for each Reservoir System defined in the Network

Applying…an Explicit Storage Balance

Remember…

When modeling an existing system, the Regulation Manual can provide most of the information needed to model the reservoir operations. Where else can you go for information on reservoir operations?

At-site Rules limit the reservoir release explicitly. What’s the difference between a physical rate of change constraint and

an operational one?

The Release Function Rule can be utilized to describe a vast array of operational constraints. Channel Capacity Water Supply Environmental Support Explicit (Specified) Releases Name some others…

Remember…

Rate of Changes rules can be specified for elevation or release at the reservoir.

Downstream Control rules are very similar to Release Function rules – differences include: A downstream location is specified when the rule is created

Min and Max limits only, not Specified

Rule table specifies flow at a downstream location, not the reservoir release

Can be a “system rule” to create a Parallel System. See-able and use-able from other reservoirs that can see the control point.

Tandem rules Create Tandem Systems Tandem rules are SPECIFIED flow rules (both min and max).

Downstream ControlAdvanced Topic – Pulse Flows

Initialization for downstream control involves releasing a pulse of water from each reservoir that operations for downstream objectives. The pulse hydrograph is analyzed and the routing time is determined.

The size of the default pulse flow is 5000 cfs. If this is not appropriate for your system, you can change it…

Pulse Flow Options

Reservoir Editor Dam Menu… Pulse Flow Options

Downstream Control -Advanced Options…

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L 09 ImplementingRules