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Kuliah 3 Teknik PresentasiOleh Coky Fauzi Alfi
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Principles of Design
Design is a visual language built on fundamental principles and
elements
The elements of design refer to “what” are used.
The principles of design refer to “how” they are used.
The Gestalt Theory of Visual Perception
The principles of design are based on the Gestalt Theory of
Visual Perception
The Gestalt Theory of Visual Perception
The whole is different from the sum of its parts.
The Gestalt Theory of Visual Perception
The Gestalt Theory of Visual Perception
Which of those two pictures is easier to remember?
The Gestalt Theory of Visual Perception
A greater image may be very different from the components
The Principles of Design
Unity
Variety
Hierarchy & Focal Point
Balance ProximityRhythm & Repetition
Scale
Unity or Harmony
To group similar elements visually and try to find the relationships that exist between them.
A design that is void of unity is usually chaotic and uncomfortable to view.
Left: Unity. Right: Lack of unity.
Variety
Too much unity is boring. The great design needs adding
different elements for visual interest or variety.
But too much variety can cause confusion.
Left: Too much variety. Right: Too much unity.
Typography in the same style and size, and a pastel color palette helped to unify.
But the central image on each is unique, helping to create variety and differentiate one title from the next.
Hierarchy and Focal Point
Hierarchy is achieved by determining dominance or
emphasizing one design element over another
It is important that one element be dominant to give the
viewer’s eye a focal point
The most dominantelement is the typography
The photograph is the most dominant element
The Indian and horse represent the largest group of shapes
Lack of clear visual hierarchy is the reason many designs fail to attract and hold a viewer’s attention
All have equal emphasis
Balance
Balance in a design refers to the equal distribution of visual weight
in a layout
Left: Balance, Right: Imbalance
Balance
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Radial
When one side of a design is exactly the same as the other side, it is called
symmetrical balance or classical balance or formal balance.
In an asymmetrical layout, balance is achieved with an unequal
arrangement of elements
symmetrical (left) and asymmetrical (right)
Interior Design
Symmetrical
Radial balance can be described as balance that radiates out from a central focal point. This type of balance is commonly used when a dynamic focal point is required.
Radial balance can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical depending on the location of its focal point.
Left: Asymmetrical radial balance. Right: Symmetrical balance.
Proximity
Proximity is a spatial relationship between items.The closer things are to one another, the more they must be related.
Rhythm and Repetition
Rhythm is created by repeating exact or slightly different elements
in a predictable manner. It differs from repetition in the
degree of duplication of elements and a feeling of pacing.
Repetition (left) and Rhythm (right)
Rhythm Examples
Interior Design
Scale
Scale is the size relationships between the various elements in a layout and can be used to control emphasis and hierarchy. A sense of perspective, or the illusion of depth, is an aspect of scale.
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Deadline: 5 April 2011Send to: [email protected]
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