KT- 20 - Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists User Manual (GR).pdf · Both the KT-20 and KT-20 C can be upgraded to a KT-20 S/C at any time via the internet. The Plus ,

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KT- 20

Magnetic Susceptibility & Conductivity Meter

User’s Guide

Ver. 1.3b

http://www.terraplus.ca/�

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KT-20 Physical Property Measuring System Congratulations on purchasing a KT-20. Please read through this manual to familiarize yourself

with this instrument.

The KT-20 is available as a dedicated magnetic susceptibility meter (KT-20), dedicated

conductivity meter (KT-20 C), a combined magnetic susceptibility/conductivity meter (KT-20

S/C), a dedicated induced polarization/resistivity measuring system (KT-20 IP), as well as a

combined magnetic susceptibility/conductivity meter (KT-20 S/C) or a combined magnetic

susceptibility/conductivity/induced polarization/resistivity measuring system (KT-20 S/C IP).

Both the KT-20 and KT-20 C can be upgraded to a KT-20 S/C at any time via the internet. The

Plus , Cx and Pro options, as well as the bar code scanner can be added through the internet. The

KT-20, KT-20 C and KT-20 S/C can all be upgraded to a KT-20 IP, but they will require the KT-

20 IP Module, which includes Tx-Rx electronics, sample holder and cables. What’s more, all

KT-20 IP systems can be upgraded to include magnetic susceptibility and conductivity

measurements, but they will require a dual- or single-frequency sensor and a firmware upgrade.

Please contact Terraplus Inc., for more information.

Since the KT-20 is available in five different models, this user’s guide describes the operation of

the instrument as a combined magnetic susceptibility/conductivity meter. Models with only

magnetic susceptibility or conductivity measuring capabilities will only provide those

measurements. Information for the KT-20 IP can be found in Appendix B, starting on page 98.

All illustrations contained within this manual are of the KT-20 S/C Magnetic

Susceptibility/Conductivity Meter.

KT-20 User’s Manual Revision Tracking Revision Changes Date

1.2 GeoView 2 software & borehole mode added June, 2016 1.3 KT-20 IP information added October, 2016

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 General Information Page 6

1.2 Theory and Operating Principle Page 6

1.2.1 Theory Page 6

1.2.2 Operating Principle Page 7

Chapter 2: The KT-20

2.1 Console Specifications Page 8

2.2 Sensor Specifications Page 9

2.3 Features Page 11

2.4 KT-20 Layout Page 14

2.5 Controls Page 15

2.6 Menus Page 15

2.7 Notification Icons Page 16

Chapter 3: Operation

3.1 Power Supply Page 17

3.2 Power On/Off Page 19

3.3 Main Menu Page 20

3.4 Setup Menu Page 21

3.5 Measurement Modes Page 23

3.5.1 Measurement Mode Options Page 24

3.6 Measure Mode Page 27

3.6.1 Take a Measurement Page 27

3.6.2 Take a Measurement with a Pin Page 30

3.6.3 Measurement Screen Explained Page 31

3.6.4 Measurement Sub-Menu Page 32

3.6.5 Save a Measurement Page 33

3.7 Scan Mode Page 34

3.7.1 Measure in Scan Mode Page 34

3.7.2 Scan Mode Measurement Screen Explained Page 37

3.7.3 Save a Scan Mode Measurement Page 38

3.8 Borehole Page 39

3.8.1 Borehole Mode: Measure Page 41

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3.8.2 Borehole Mode: Scan Page 45

3.9 Data Recall Page 49

3.9.1 Browse Saved Records Page 49

3.9.2 Delete a Record Page 53

3.9.3 Delete All Data Page 53

3.10 Digital Camera Page 54

3.10.1 Camera Page 55

3.10.2 Take a Picture Page 56

3.10.3 Camera Setup Page 56

3.10.4 Save a Picture Page 57

3.11 Density Page 58

3.11.1 Take a Density Measurement Page 58

Chapter 4: Software

4.1 GeoView 2 Software Page 61

4.1.1 Installation Page 61

4.1.2 GeoView 2 Interface Page 67

4.1.3 GeoView 2 Data Interface Page 72

4.1.4 Data Download Page 74

4.1.5 Data Display Page 76

4.1.6 Data Export Page 79

4.1.7 Device Parameters Page 80

4.1.8 Device Settings Page 81

4.1.9 Firmware Upgrade Page 82

4.2 Geomon Console Software Page 85

4.2.1 Geomon Installation Page 85

4.2.2 Data Download Page 91

4.2.3 Data Export Page 93

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting

5.1 Note about Power Off Page 95

5.2 KT-20 Powers Off During Measurement Page 95

5.3 “Error” on the Display Page 95

5.4 Technical Support Page 96

Appendix A: Advice and Recommendations Page 97

Appendix B: KT-20 IP/Resistivity Page 98

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 - General Information

The KT-20 is an advanced instrument that is capable of measuring the magnetic susceptibility,

conductivity, chargeability, resistivity and density of a geological sample. It was designed and

developed as a joint venture between Terraplus Inc., a geophysical instrument distributor based in

Canada, and Georadis S.R.O., a research and design company from the Czech Republic.

The KT-20 is available in five different models: as a dedicated magnetic susceptibility meter

(KT-20), dedicated conductivity meter (KT-20 C), a combined magnetic

susceptibility/conductivity meter (KT-20 S/C), a dedicated induced polarization/resistivity

measuring systems (KT-20 IP), or as combined magnetic susceptibility/conductivity/induced

polarization/resistivity measuring system (KT-20 S/C IP). All dedicated models can be upgraded

to KT-20 S/C or KT-20 S/C IP systems at anytime. Please contact Terraplus Inc., for details.

IMPORTANT: All KT-20 meters are factory calibrated and do not require periodic calibration.

1.2 – Theory and Operating Principles

1.2.1 - Theory

Magnetic susceptibility is defined as the degree to which a substance can be magnetized. In

mathematical terms, it is the ratio (k) of the intensity of the magnetization (I) to the magnetic

field (H) that is responsible for the magnetization, i.e. kH = I

From Ampere’s law it is known that a current (a moving electrical charge) generates a magnetic

field. The inverse corollary to this is that a magnetic field can also influence a moving electrical

charge. Thus, an oscillating EM field will be influenced to varying degrees by magnetically

susceptible material.

Conductivity is an intrinsic property of a microscopic volume of material. Apparent

conductivity is a volume average of a heterogeneous half-space, except that the averaging is not

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mathematical but dependent on each instrument. Only when the earth is a homogenous half-

space is the apparent conductivity the same as the true conductivity. The main advantage of the

electromagnetic conductivity method is that contact with the sample is not required. If the

conductive material is moved near the measurement coil new elementary electric circuits are

created. The sample will then behave like a small secondary coil and influence the magnetic flux

through the measurement coil by mutual inductance. Naturally, this leads to a change in the

frequency. In general, the amplitude of the voltage signal decreases if the conductivity increases

and vice versa. Our method is based on the analysis of this change.

NOTE: There are several factors that will affect the measurement of electrical conductivity of

soil and rock samples; these have been outlined in Addendum #1.

1.2.2 - Operating Principle

The KT-20 utilizes LC oscillators with different frequencies inside an inductive sensor to

measure magnetic susceptibility and conductivity. Magnetic susceptibility is calculated from the

frequency differences between the free air measurements and the sample measurements.

Geometric corrections can be applied to magnetic susceptibility measurements to determine true

susceptibility. Conductivity is calculated from the amplitude difference between that of the

sample and the free air measurements. The frequency of the oscillator is extremely sensitive to

temperature deviations. Any temperature instability is propagated in frequency deviations and

has a direct impact on maximum sensitivity. To minimize these effects the KT-20 takes a

number of free air measurements before and after measuring the sample, employing a

sophisticated algorithm to reduce the negative impact of temperature shift.

The sequence required to obtain a measurement is:

Step 1: The frequency and amplitude of the oscillator is determined in free air.

Step 2: The oscillator frequency and amplitude is measured when the sensor is placed on

a rock sample, drill core or outcrop.

Step 3: The frequency and amplitude of the oscillator is measured again in free air; then

the results are displayed.

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Chapter 2 The KT-20

2.1 - KT-20 Console Specifications

Magnetic Susceptibility Range: 2 SI Units (0.001 x 10-3 to 1999.99 x 10-3 SI)

Extended Range (Plus optional): 10 SI Units (0.001 x 10-3 to 9999.99 x 10-3 SI)

Conductivity Range: 1.0 – 100,000 S/m

Extended Range (Cx Option): 1.0 – 200,000 S/m

Operating Frequency: See section 2.2 for more details

Measurement Frequency: - Scan Mode

20 readings per second (four readings per second are stored; every five readings are averaged together for each of the four readings).

Display: Transflective colour LCD (400 x 240 Pixels)

Memory: 8 GB

Control : 5-button control with LED illumination

GPS: 2.0m accuracy with SBAS

Digital Camera: 2 mega pixels

External Tensiometer for Density Measurements:

1.0 kg maximum sample weight

Power Supply: 2 x rechargeable Li-Ion batteries

Operating Temperature: -20°C to 60°C

Dimensions: 225mm x 65mm x 40mm

Weight: 400 g

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2.2 - Sensor Specifications A range of dual- and single-frequency sensors are available for the KT-20, with each frequency

providing a certain benefit for magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Each

sensor features its own pre-calibrated microprocessor, which enables users to easily interchange

sensors on their KT-20 console. The sensors are available in either a circular or rectangular

design allowing users to adapt the KT-20 to smaller or larger sized samples (note: the 10 kHz

single-frequency sensor is only available in a circular design). More sensors will become

available in the future to provide more capabilities, including an induced polarization/resistivity

sensor.

2.2.1 - Magnetic Susceptibility and Conductivity Sensors

1 / 10 kHz Dual‐Frequency Sensor

Operating Frequencies: 1 kHz 10 kHz

Magnetic Susceptibility Sensitivity: 1 x 10‐5 SI 1 x 10‐6 SI

Conductivity Sensitivity: 13 S/m 1 S/m

Magnetic Susceptibility Measurement Range:

‐ Extended Range (Plus Option):

0.001 x 10‐3 to 1999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.001 x 10‐3 to 9999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.001 x 10‐3 to 1999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.001 x 10‐3 to 9999.99 x 10‐3 SI

Conductivity Measurement Range:

‐ Extended Range (Cx Option):

13 to 100,000 S/m

13 to 200,000 S/m

1 to 100,000 S/m

1 to 200,000 S/m

Benefits: Reduces the influence of a sample’s conductive properties on magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Linear conductivity measurements

Provides a sensitivity of 1 x 10‐6 SI for magnetic susceptibility.

Sensor Designs: Rectangular or Circular

10 / 100 kHz Dual‐Frequency Sensor

Operating Frequencies: 10 kHz 100 kHz

Magnetic Susceptibility Sensitivity: 1 x 10‐6 SI ‐

Conductivity Sensitivity: 1 S/m 0.1 S/m



0.001 x 10‐3 to 1999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.001 x 10‐3 to 9999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.001 x 10‐3 to 1999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.001 x 10‐3 to 9999.99 x 10‐3 SI



1 to 100,000 S/m

1 to 200,000 S/m

0.1 to 15,000 S/m

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Benefits: Provides a sensitivity of 1 x 10‐6 SI for magnetic susceptibility.

Provides a sensitivity of 0.1 S/m for conductivity measurements.

Sensor Designs: Rectangular or Circular

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10 kHz Single‐Frequency Sensor

Without Pin With Pin

Operating Frequency: 10 kHz 10 kHz

Magnetic Susceptibility Sensitivity: 1 x 10‐7 SI 1 x 10‐6 SI

Conductivity Sensitivity: 13 S/m 10 S/m



0.0001 x 10‐3 to 1999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.0001 x 10‐3 to 9999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.001 x 10‐3 to 1999.99 x 10‐3 SI

0.001 x 10‐3 to 9999.99 x 10‐3 SI



1 to 100,000 S/m

1 to 200,000 S/m

10 to 100,000 S/m

10 to 200,000 S/m

Benefits: Provides high sensitivity (1 x 10‐7) for magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Pin enables sensor to measure samples with rough or uneven surfaces.

Sensor Designs: Circular Only

Induced Polarization (IP)/Resistivity Sensor

Parameters Calculated and Displayed Chargeability, Error, Apparent Resistivity, Current, Voltage, Resistance

Chargeability Resolution 10 µV/V

Chargeability Precision 0.2%

Voltage Resolution 10 µV

Current Sensitivity 10 µA

Transmitter:

‐ Signal Waveform Time Domain (ON+, OFF, ON‐, OFF)

‐ Pulse Duration 0.5. 1, 2, 4 and 8 seconds

‐ Voltage +/‐ 6V or 15V DC

‐ Current Maximum 100 mA (electronically fused overload protection)

Receiver:

‐ Voltage Resolution 10 μV

‐ Current Resolution 10 μA

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2.3 - Features Modular Design

The KT-20 is available in three different models: as a dedicated magnetic susceptibility meter

(KT-20), dedicated conductivity meter (KT-20 C), or as a combined magnetic

susceptibility/conductivity meter (KT-20 S/C). Both dedicated models can be upgraded to a KT-

20 S/C via the internet at any time.

Dual-Frequency and Single-Frequency Sensors

Dual- and single-frequency sensors are available for the KT-20. Each sensor frequency has been

specifically chosen to provide a certain benefit for either magnetic susceptibility of conductivity

measurements.

Interchangeable Sensors in Circular and Rectangular Designs

Each sensor features its own pre-calibrated microprocessor, which enables users to easily

interchange sensors on the KT-20 console. The sensors are available in either circular or

rectangular designs allowing users to adapt the KT-20 to smaller or larger sized samples (note:

the 10 kHz single-frequency sensor is only available in a circular design). Each KT-20 is

provided with one sensor; additional sensors can be purchased at any time.

Density Measurement

The KT-20 is able perform in-situ density measurements. By utilizing the external tensiometer

and sample holder included with the instrument, the KT-20 is able to estimate the density of a

small sample through water displacement.

Large Colour Display

A large transflective high resolution colour display (400 x 240 pixels) is integrated into the KT-

20 to visualize data.

Built-In Camera

The KT-20 includes a built-in high resolution camera to take pictures of samples. The pictures

can be viewed on the display or through the GeoView 2 software. All pictures can be transferred

to an external database through GeoView 2. An upgrade can be purchased to enable the built-in

camera to read bar codes to improve archiving.

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Integrated GPS

GPS is included in the KT-20 to provide the coordinates for the measurement’s location. The KT-

20’s GPS has 2.0m accuracy using SBAS.

Real-time Profiling

Data profiles are displayed in real-time directly on the KT-20’s colour display. Scan results and

profiles can be transferred to a database in real-time for instantaneous archiving.

Data Recall

Users can easily review stored records directly on the instrument’s display.

Quality Control (QC) Parameters

The KT-20 provides a data running average and standard deviation values during single

measurements. During scanning, only data averages are displayed.

Fast Scanning

In scan mode, the KT-20 scans up to 20 readings per second, increasing the amount of

information that user can obtain per location or sample. Of the 20 readings per second collected,

five are averaged together, with the KT-20 storing the four averaged measurements. A complete

scan survey will result in total of 480 data points stored for the 120 second duration.

Borehole Mode

Prior to scanning, users are able to input information (borehole I.D., Depth, Type of reading, etc.)

to help correlate measurements to their borehole depths.

Variable Audio Sound

While scanning, the KT‐20’s built-in speaker produces an audio sound which intensifies based

on the variations in the measurements.

Built-in Microphone & Speaker

Operators are able to record audio notes to correspond with measurements using the built-in

microphone. The audio notes can be replayed through the KT-20’s speaker or through the

GeoView 2 software.

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Bluetooth and USB Connectivity

The KT-20 has both Bluetooth and USB connectivity. Bluetooth capabilities allow users to

download the instrument’s data wirelessly. USB communication is available for transferring data

from the KT-20 to a PC, upgrading the console’s firmware, and to change parameter settings.

Upgrades and Support Available via the Internet

The KT-20 can be both upgraded and supported remotely through the internet. Users are also

able to download the latest firmware upgrades to receive new features as they become available.

Rain and Dust Proof

The KT-20 meets IP65 standards and is protected against dust and provides additional protection

in rainy or high humidity conditions. Please note that the KT-20 is only water resistant, not

water proof. Consequently, total immersion in water or long exposure in heavy rain is not

advisable for this instrument.

Power

The KT-20 includes two Li-Ion 3.6V rechargeable batteries and is provided with a universal

charger (110/220VAC) and a 12V vehicle charging cable.

Protective Carrying Case for Transportation and Storage

The KT-20 is delivered with a rugged carrying case that protects the instrument during transit and

storage. The carrying case is able to hold the KT-20 console and all of its components.

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2.4 - KT-20 Layout

Figure 1: KT-20 Console

Transflective Colour LCD Display

Sensor

Five-Button Control

Loud Speaker

Microphone

Battery, DC Input and USB Communication

Light Sensor

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2.5 - Controls

The KT-20 is controlled using the five-button multi-directional keypad on the front of the

instrument (Figure 2). The four directional buttons are used to navigate the various menus and

screens; they consist of UP, DOWN, LEFT and RIGHT movements. The centre “OK” button

is used to trigger measurements, make menu selections, and power the KT-20 ON or OFF *.

Other than powering ON or OFF, all button clicks are performed as a single press. The

confirmation of the button press will be indicated by a menu change.

Figure 2: Control Button

IMPORANT: Holding the OK button for over ten seconds at any time during operation will

power the KT-20 OFF.

2.6 - Menus The start-up screen is first displayed upon powering on the KT-20 (Figure 3). The information

displayed on the start-up screen will be the KT-20’s serial number and firmware revision, which

is currently v0.55 at the time of this writing. The start-up screen will be displayed for

approximately two seconds and then the Main Menu will appear (Figure 4).

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Figure 3: Start-up Screen Figure 4: Main Menu Use the LEFT and RIGHT buttons to navigate the Main Menu. Press OK button to select an

option. The KT-20’s two primary modes of operation are Measure and Scan. Selecting one of

these modes will activate the measurement routine for that choice. Setup is used to configure

the KT-20’s date, time, select a core size diameter, connect a Bluetooth device, and calibration

information. Shutdown will turn off the KT-20. For detailed information on each mode of

operation and the setup menu, please refer to Chapter 3 (beginning on page 17).

2.7 - Notification Icons Several icons are displayed in the notification area (top bar) of the KT-20’s screen. Of the icons

included in the notification area only the time and battery indicator are permanently displayed

during the operation. Below is a list and description of each icon.

USB is connected.

GPS is connected.

Bluetooth is connected.

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Chapter 3 Operation

3.1 - Power Supply

The KT-20 is powered by two rechargeable Lithium-Ion batteries (Panasonic NCR18650B

3400mAh 3.7V), which are provided with the instrument. A universal charger (110/220VAC)

and a 12V vehicle charger cable are included to recharge the KT-20’s batteries. To recharge the

batteries, connect the universal charger into the KT-20’s DC input (Figure 5).

IMPORTANT: Prior to using the KT-20 users are advised to charge the batteries for a

minimum of four hours to ensure uninterrupted operation. Batteries should not

be charged in temperatures below 0°C.

Figure 5: KT-20 Power Supply

USB

DC Input

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The battery gauge is shown at all times in the notification area during operation. The different

battery gauge notifications are:

A solid green bar indicates that the batteries are fully charged.

A nearly solid blue bar indicates that the batteries are depleted and need to be recharged.

Two arrows in the battery gauge indicate that the KT-20 is connected to a power adapter and the batteries are being charged.

To insert batteries:

1. Bend the rubber protection cover on the bottom of the KT-20 to gain access to the battery

cover.

2. Remove the single screw securing the battery cover.

3. Insert two rechargeable Li-Ion batteries (18650 cells as indicated on the battery cover).

4. Close the battery cover by screwing the lid back onto the housing, and attach the rubber

protective cover back in position.

IMPORTANT: If the KT-20 will be stored for a long period of time, remove the batteries from

the unit to prevent damage from electrolyte leakage. It is recommended that

you visually inspect the batteries for damage after any long storage intervals.

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3.2 – Power ON/OFF 3.2.1 - Power ON

To turn the KT-20 on, press and hold the OK button . An introductory screen (Figure 6)

accompanied by a melody will be presented upon start-up.

Figure 6: Power On Figure 7: Power Off

3.2.2 - Power OFF To turn the KT-20 off, use the LEFT and RIGHT buttons to navigate to the Shut Down icon

from the main menu, and the press OK button . Note: pressing any button during shut

down will abort the process (Figure 7). Alternatively, pressing the OK button for over ten

seconds will turn the unit off at any time.

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3.3 - Main Menu The Main Menu is the KT-20’s dashboard where all of the options are contained (Figure 8).

Use the LEFT and RIGHT buttons to navigate the Main Menu and press OK to select an

option. The next available options are partially displayed when scrolling.

Figure 8: Main Menu

Setup: change operation parameters

Shutdown: powers KT-20 off

Scan Mode: continuous measurement

Measure Mode: single measurements

Borehole Mode: measurements with depth (core logging)

Data Recall: review saved data

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3.4 Setup Menu

The Setup Menu contains several different parameters to customize the operation of the KT-20

(Figure 9). Each selection in the Setup Menu will present a different sub-menu for additional

options.

Figure 9: Setup Menu

Accessories:

GPS: Enable or disable internal GPS

Bluetooth: Enable or disable Bluetooth capabilities

Audio:

Volume: Adjust KT-20’s volume

Scanner Sweep:

Select which type of measurement (magnetic susceptibility or

conductivity) the sound produced during scanning represents.

Calibration:

Recalibrate magnetic susceptibility measurements. Conductivity

measurements cannot be recalibrated by the user and must be

completed at the factory.

Date & Time: Set the KT-20’s date and time in a 24 hour format.

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Diagnostics:

The diagnostics menu permits users to test the KT-20’s various

hardware components.

Tens Diagnostics: A debugging parameter that displays tensiometer’s voltage level.

Head Diagnostics: Sensor serial number and frequency(s) along with other QC

parameters can be found here.

Upgrade Head Firm:

Sensor’s firmware can be updated from this menu.

Measurements:

Units: Choose which unit of measure to receive measurement results in.

Magnetic susceptibility results can be displayed in either SI or

CGS units; conductivity results are available in either S/m or

Ohm.meter. Units measuring distance (meters or feet) can also

be selected here.

Diameter Corrections:

Contains a list of different core diameter sizes that can be

selected. When a core diameter is selected, the geometric

correction is automatically applied to the measurements. Split

and full core corrections for standard drill rod diameters (AQ,

BQ, HQ, NQ and PQ) and non-standard sizes (2.4 to 12 cm) are

available. Core diameter corrections are not available for

conductivity measurements.

Back to Menu: Return to the main menu.

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3.5 - Measurement Modes The KT-20 has two modes of operation: Measure and Scan. Selecting one of these options from

the main menu will present the mode’s Measurement Initialization Menu (Figure 10). Note:

the measurement initialization menu is similar for both Measure and Scan modes.

Figure 10: Measurement Initialization Menu Figure 11: Frequency Error

The measurement initialization menu indicates the new record’s ID number and presents a

number of data entry options, including measurements in different frequencies, take a picture of

the sample, enter a text note, record an audio note, and obtain GPS coordinates. The option to

complete a density measurement is also available in this menu.

NOTE: Various dual- and single-frequency sensors are available for the KT-20. Prior to

taking a measurement, the user must select an operating frequency that is supported

by the sensor installed on the KT-20. Selecting a frequency that is not supported by

the sensor will result in an error (Figure 11).

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3.5.1 – Measurement Menu Options Text Note Selecting this option will allow users to add an alphanumeric text note of up to 1000 characters to

any measurement. The text is entered using the onscreen virtual keyboard with the multi-

directional control button. The text note will be saved under the measurement ID that is indicated

at the top of the menu, and can be transferred to an external database for archiving. Users can

browse the saved text notes in the Data Recall Menu, or download them to a computer using the

GeoView 2 software.

Figure 12: Text note

Audio Note This option enables users to add an audio note of up to six seconds in length to any measurement.

Prior to saving, the voice note will be replayed for review. The audio note will be saved under

the measurement ID that is indicated at the top of the menu, and can be transferred to an external

database for archiving. Users can browse the saved audio note in the Data Recall Menu, or

download them to a computer using the GeoView 2 software.

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Figure 13: Audio note

Picture Selecting this option allows users to visually document the sample they are measuring by taking

its picture using the KT-20’s built-in high resolution colour camera. The picture is saved to the

current measurement ID, and can be transferred to an external database for archiving. Users can

browse the saved pictures in the data recall menu or download them to a computer using the

GeoView 2 software.

Figure 14: Picture

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Density The density measurement feature is unique to the KT-20. The KT-20 is equipped with an

external tensile scale and sample holder to enable users to perform in-situ density measurements.

Please refer to section 3.10 of this manual for details.

Figure 15: Density

GPS Coordinates GPS is included in the KT-20 to provide the latitude and longitude coordinates of a

measurement’s location. The KT-20’s GPS receiver has 2.0m accuracy using SBAS. The user

must select GPS coordinates in the measurement menu to obtain the location information for a

measurement. After coordinates have been obtained, select Save to store location with

measurement results. GPS coordinates must be obtained for each separate measurement.

Figure 16: GPS

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3.6 - Measure Mode

Selecting Measure from the main menu will initialize the KT-20 for a single measurement. In

this mode, measurements can be obtained with or without applying a geometric correction, for

full or split core, to the readings (geometric corrections are only available for magnetic

susceptibility measurements). Measurements without geometric corrections are best utilized for

quick recognisance of rock samples or outcrops with no specific geometry.

3.6.1 -Take a Measurement

Scroll to the Measure icon in the main menu and press the OK button to select this

option. Upon selecting the Measure icon, a Measurement Initialization screen will be

displayed (Figure 17).

Figure 17: Measure Initialization Menu IMPORTANT: Only one operating frequency is supported per individual measurement. An

operating frequency must be selected prior to collecting any measurement. If

the sensor being used is of a dual-frequency, the user is required take separate

measurements with each frequency. Measurements from each frequency can

be saved under the same measure ID number.

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There are three steps involved in the measurement sequence: 1) Free air measurement; (2)

Sample measurement; (3) Free air measurement.

NOTE: The duration for the measurement sequence is 8 seconds. After the measurement is

initiated the measurement screen will appear, along with a progress circle. It is

important that the measurement sequence be completed before the progress circle has

filled (8 seconds). Failure to complete the measurement sequence within this time (8

seconds) will result in “ERROR” being displayed on screen. To start the measurement process, follow the steps below:

1. Select Operating Frequency

Prior to taking a measurement, the user must select an operating frequency they want to measure

in. After selecting the operating frequency, the measurement screen will appear indicating the

KT-20 is ready to start the measurement process. Users can attach readings with alternative

frequencies to the same measurement ID number.

Figure 18: Start Measurement

2. Start Measurement

Once the measurement screen is displayed (Figure 18), the KT-20 is ready to begin its

measurement sequence.

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NOTE: Before proceeding with the measurement sequence, ensure that the KT-20 is

positioned in a space void of metallic objects.

The three step measurement sequence is as follows:

Step 1: Free Air Measurement

With the KT-20 positioned in the air, press the OK button to start the measure

sequence. After approximately one second the KT-20 will produce a short beep indicating the

free air measurement is been complete. A progress circle with a text description is displayed as a

visual aid throughout the measurement sequence (shown below).

Step 2: Sample Measurement

Immediately place the KT-20 on the sample’s surface and press the OK button . When

the measurement of the sample is finished, the KT-20 will produce another sound (different from

the one heard during the free air measurement). The progress circle will indicate “Measure

Sample” once this step is completed.


Immediately position the KT-20 in the air for the final free air measurement. Once the final

free air measurements are complete, the KT-20 will produce a sound similar to the first beep and

the measurement results will be displayed on the screen.

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TIP: To repeat the measurement process without saving the results, position the KT-20 in the

air and repeat Step 1.

3.6.2 - Take a Measurement with Pin

A pin is available for the 10 kHz single-frequency sensor to measure samples with rough or

uneven surfaces (a pin cannot be used with a dual-frequency sensor). To install the pin, remove

the thread protection screw from the 10 kHz sensor. Insert the pin in the place where the thread

protection screw resided; ensure that the pin is threaded all the way into the sensor. Once all of

the pin measurements are complete, remove the pin from the sensor and re-install the thread

protection screw.

The three step measurement sequence is as follows: Step 1: Free Air Measurement










31





3.6.3 –Measurement Screen Explained

Figure 19: Measurement Screen

K: Magnetic susceptibility reading in SI units

Σ: Conductivity unit in S/m

Frequency: Sensor’s operating frequency

Diameter corr.: Core diameter correction factor

ΦK: Average values and standard deviation for magnetic susceptibility (e.g., average = 2.09 and standard deviation = +/- 0.000)

32

Φσ: Average values and standard deviation for conductivity (e.g., average = 5.14 and standard deviation = +/- 0.000)

N: Number of reading

NOTE: Each measurement is stored in a memory buffer which is used to calculate the average

and standard deviations of the current measurement. The averaged values and

standard deviations are stored along with the readings for future reference. Memory

buffer can be reset.

3.6.4 - Measurement Sub-Menu

After completing a measurement, press the DOWN navigation to access the Measurement Sub-

Menu to save the results. Additional options in the Measurement Sub-Menu include Reset

Average, Diameter Correction, Continue and Back to Main Menu.

Figure 20: Measurement Sub-Menu

Save: Save measurement and continue.

33

Reset Average: Clears memory buffer. Every saved measurement is used to calculate the average and standard deviation values of the current measurement; selecting this option will reset these values.

Diameter Corr.: Access the core diameter selection menu.

Continue: Return to the measurement initialization menu.

Back to Main Menu: Return to the main menu.

3.6.5 - Save a Measurement To save a measurement, access the Measurement Sub-Menu by pressing the DOWN navigation

button when the results are displayed on the screen (Figure 20). Selecting Save will store the

measurement to the instrument’s internal memory (Figure 22) and return the KT-20 back to the

Measurement Initialization Menu (Figure 21).

Figure 21: Store a Reading Figure 22: Measurement Stored

In Figure 21, the check box next to 10 kHz indicates that a single measurement using this

frequency has been taken and is ready to be saved. To take a new measurement using the

alternative frequency, select the remaining frequency (1 kHz for this example) to start the

measurement sequence (Figure 18).

The measurement results can be saved along with a text note, audio note, picture, GPS

coordinates and density measurement under the same measurement ID. If only measurement

results are required, select the Save button to continue.

34

After selecting Save, a confirmation screen will appear indicating the measurement ID number

(Figure 22). Pressing OK will initialize the next measurement, which will be saved under a new

measurement ID number. All saved measurement results can be reviewed on the KT-20’s screen

in the Data Recall menu or on a computer via the GeoView 2 software.

3.7 – Scan Mode

Selecting Scan from the main menu will initialize the KT-20 for continuous measurement, which

is best utilized for analyzing drill cores or in prospecting. In Scan Mode, the KT-20 measures 20

readings per second. Every five readings are averaged together to create a total of four averaged

measurements per second. A complete scan survey last 120 seconds and provides a total of 480

data points, which are saved to the record ID.

Geometric corrections for different core diameters can be applied to the magnetic susceptibility

readings to provide true susceptibility values. Core diameter corrections are not available for

conductivity measurements.

IMPORTANT: A core diameter correction must be selected in the Setup Menu prior to

activating Scan Mode. The list of core diameter corrections can be accessed

in the Setup Menu, under the Measurement Option. Core diameter

corrections are only valid for magnetic susceptibility measurements;

corrections are not applied to conductivity measurements.

3.7.1 - Measure in Scan Mode

To begin a scan measurement, navigate to the Scan icon in the main menu and press OK

. The Scan Mode Initialization Menu will be presented listing a number of options

(Figure 23).

35

Figure 23: Scan mode initialized

NOTE: Only one operating frequency is supported per scan. If the sensor being used is of a

dual-frequency, a separate measurement for each frequency is required. If only one

frequency is needed, do not select the other operating frequency. Measurements from

each frequency can be saved under the same measure ID number.

1. Select Operating Frequency

Prior to scanning a sample, an operating frequency must be selected. After selecting the

operating frequency, the measurement screen will be displayed indicating the KT-20 is ready to

begin scanning (Figure 24).

Figure 24: Start Scan

36

2. Start Scan

Once the scan screen is displayed (Figure 24), the KT-20 is ready to begin scanning a sample.

There are two steps involved in the Scan measurement sequence: 1) Free air measurement; 2)

Sample measurement.

IMPORTANT: Before scanning a sample, ensure that the KT-20 is positioned in a space void

of metallic objects.

The two step scan sequence is as follows:


With the KT-20 positioned in the air, press the OK button to start a Scan survey. A

short beep will sound once this step is complete.


Move the KT-20 along the surface of the sample. The instrument’s speaker will indicate the

relative intensity of the reading by the pitch of the sound. The scan sequence will last 120

seconds; it can be interrupted at any time by pressing the OK button .

NOTE: The variable audio output is only available for one type of measurement: magnetic

susceptibility or conductivity. Users can configure which type of measurement the

sound is produced for in the Setup menu.

To repeat the Scan process without saving the results, press the DOWN button to initialize a new

a Scan.

NOTE: The measurement sub-menu is not available for Scan mode. Pressing the DOWN

navigation button will return the KT-20 to the measurement initialization page.

37

3.7.2 - Scan Mode Measurement Screen Explained

Figure 25: Scan Record

K: Current magnetic susceptibility reading in SI units

Σ: Current conductivity unit in S/m

Frequency: Sensor’s operating frequency

K max: Highest magnetic susceptibility value from the completed scan

KΦ: Average magnetic susceptibility value of completed scan

σ max: Highest conductivity value from the completed scan

σ Φ : Average conductivity value of the completed scan

38

3.7.3 - Save a Scan Mode Measurement To save a Scan Mode measurement, press the DOWN button while the results are displayed on

the screen. This will return the KT-20 to the Measurement Initialization Menu (Figure 26).

Figure 26: Scan Complete Figure 27: Scan Record Saved

The check box next to 10 kHz indicates that a scan using this frequency has been completed

and is ready to be saved. If a scan using the alternative frequency is required, select the

remaining frequency (1 kHz in this example) to begin the Scan Mode measurement sequence

(Figure 24).

A text description, audio note, picture, GPS coordinates, and density measurement can be added

to the Scan results. To add any of these options, scroll to its icon using the UP and DOWN

buttons and select it by pressing OK. The selection’s corresponding screen will appear.

To store the measurement ID and its contents to the KT-20’s memory, scroll to the Save option

and select it by pressing OK. After selecting Save, a confirmation screen will appear indicating

the measurement ID number (Figure 27). Pressing OK will initialize a new scan measurement,

which will be saved under a new measurement ID number. Select Back to Menu to return to the

Main Menu.

39

3.8 – Borehole

Borehole enables users to take a measurement with KT-20 and input information parameters to

correlate the measurement to its appropriate depth. Information parameters include Name,

Depth, Increment, Type, and Marker. Depth intervals can be recorded with the push of a button

while scanning cores. All readings between depth intervals are interpolated. In Borehole, the

measurements can be collected in discrete (Measure) or continuous (Scanner) modes.

To begin a measurement, navigate to the Borehole icon in the Main Menu and press OK

. The Borehole Menu screen will be presented (Figure 28).

Figure 28: Borehole menu

Start New Borehole: To begin core logging in Measure or Scan mode.

Main Menu: Return to the Main Menu.

40

To start a new borehole, select Start New Borehole from the menu and press OK . The

Borehole Initialization Screen (Figure 29) looks similar for both the Scanner and Measure

mode.

Figure 29: Borehole Initialization Screen

Name: Enter name a name for the measurement (e.g., borehole ID)

in a text format.

Depth: Starting depth, in meters or feet.

Increment: Depth increment along the core axis. In Scanner mode,

increment refers to the length of a core.

Type: Choose which frequency and mode (Measure or Scanner) to

take measurements in. Only dual-frequency sensors will

provide different frequency options. Text note, audio note,

picture, and GPS coordinates can also be entered here.

Measure: Begin measurement.

Main Menu: Return to the Main Menu without saving.

Finish Borehole: Save measurement and return to the Main Menu.

41

3.8.1 - Borehole Mode: Measure To begin core logging in Measure mode (or point-to-point measurements), populate the Name,

Depth, Increment, and Type fields as described below:

1. Name

Use the UP/DOWN buttons to navigate to the empty Name field and populate it using the virtual

keyboard. Press the OK button once name has been entered.

2. Depth

Enter the starting depth of the borehole or core. Use the LEFT/RIGHT navigation buttons to

change depth. Measurement(s) taken will be attached to this depth.

3. Increment

Use the LEFT/RIGHT navigation buttons to select a depth increment. The depth for the series

of consecutive measurements will be advanced by the number entered here.

4. Type

Select the desired frequency to take a single measurement. For a dual-frequency sensor,

measurements from both frequencies can be collected and stored to the same depth. It is also

possible to attach a voice note, text note, picture, and GPS coordinates to the same depth.

Figure 30: Borehole – Measure Mode

5. Select Measure

This will initialize the KT-20 for a single measurement (section 3.6.1, page 27), or a scanner

measurement (section 3.7.1, page 34).

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Figure 31: Borehole – Ready to Measure

Start Measurement Once the measurement screen is displayed (Figure 31), the KT-20 is ready to begin its

measurement sequence.

NOTE: Before proceeding with the measurement sequence, ensure that the KT-20 is

positioned in a space void of metallic objects.










43






the measurement results will be displayed on the screen (Figure 32).

Figure 32: Borehole – Measurement Complete

TIP: To repeat the measurement process without saving the results, position the KT-20 in the

air and repeat Step 1. Each new reading will be stored to the same depth and their

averages/deviation will be computed.

TIP: To quickly save the data and advance to the next depth, press the RIGHT navigation key.

44

Save Measurement Press the DOWN button and a new sub-menu will appear (Figure 33).

Figure 33: Borehole – Measure Sub Menu

Select SAVE to record readings to the current depth. The data average is erased and depth will

increase (Figure 34).

Figure 34: Borehole – Measure reading stored

Select Measure to continue with next reading(s)…

45

When all of readings are collected, press Finish borehole. This will create and store a borehole

record in the KT-20’s memory. If the user decides to stop the current borehole without selecting

Finish borehole, it is possible to resume the same borehole (Figure 35).

Figure 35: Borehole - Resume

3.8.2 – Borehole Mode: Scanner To begin core logging in Scanner mode (continuous measurements), populate the Name, Depth,

Increment, and Type fields as described below:

1. Name

Use the UP/DOWN buttons to navigate to the empty Name field and populate it using the virtual

keyboard. Press the OK button once name has been entered.

2. Depth

Enter the starting depth of the borehole or core. Use the LEFT/RIGHT navigation buttons to

change depth. Measurement(s) taken will be attached to this depth.

3. Increment

Use the LEFT/RIGHT navigation buttons to select a depth increment. The depth for the series

of consecutive measurements will be advanced by the number entered here. In case of

unrecovered or missing core(s), it is suggested to re-enter the Increment for the physical length

that is available.

46

TIP: To speed up increment, press and hold the LEFT/RIGHT navigation button

4. Type

Select the desired frequency to take a Scanner measurement. For a dual-frequency sensor,

measurements from both frequencies can be collected and stored to the same depth. It is also

possible to attach a voice note, text note, picture, and GPS coordinates to the same depth.

NOTE: Selecting Scanner as the type of measure will display Marker (Figure 35).

5. Marker

Markers are used to correlate data to its appropriate depth on the core. Assuming the core being

logged has visible depths marked, select this marked depth/internal for the marker. Do not use

marker if there are no visible depth markings on the core. Use the UP button to insert markers

during scan.

Figure 35: - Scanner – Marker

6. Measure

This will initialize the KT-20 for continuous measurements as described in section 3.7.1 (page

34). There are two steps involved in the Scan measurement sequence: 1) Free air measurement;

2) Sample measurement.

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Figure 36: Borehole – Start Scan

The KT-20 is ready to scan a core sample (Figure 36).

NOTE: Before scanning a sample, ensure that the KT-20 is positioned in a space void of

metallic objects.

The two step scan sequence is as follows:


With the KT-20 positioned in the air, press the OK button to start a Scan survey. A

short beep will sound once this step is complete.


Move the KT-20 along the surface of the sample. The instrument’s speaker will indicate the

relative intensity of the reading by the pitch of the sound. Use the UP button to insert markers

while scanning core. The scan sequence will last 120 seconds; it can be interrupted at any time

by pressing the OK button. Alternately, press the DOWN button to stop the scan. The scanned

data will be saved and start Depth will be advanced for next core. Select Measure to continue

scanning new cores.

To repeat the Scan process without saving the results, press the OK button to initialize a new a

Scan.

NOTE: The measurement sub-menu does not exist for the Scan mode.

48

In the event you must re-scan the core, set the desired Depth with use of the navigation buttons.

Figure 37: Scan repeated

Select Finish borehole when all of the cores are scanned.

Figure 38: Finish Borehole Scan

49

3.9 - Data Recall

In Data Recall¸ users can browse the saved records and review their contents. Under each record

ID number, any saved measurement results, GPS coordinates, audio note, text note and picture

can be reviewed on the KT-20’s screen. Records can also be deleted from this menu.

3.9.1 – Browse Saved Records

Use the LEFT/RIGHT buttons to navigate to the Data Recall icon in the main menu and

press the OK button .

Figure 39: Data Recall Browser

In the Data Recall menu, the individual saved measurement ID numbers are listed, along with

their date and time stamp. Use the UP/DOWN buttons to scroll through the list and press the

OK button to review a record. A confirmation menu will be presented indicating the selected

record’s ID number and available options (Figure 40).

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Figure 40: Confirmation Menu

View Record: View contents of the selected record.

Continue: Return to the data recall browser.

Delete Record: Erase or delete the selected record.

Delete All Data: Erase all of the saved records.

Main Menu: Return to the main menu.

Use the UP/DOWN buttons to navigate the confirmation menu. Selecting View Record will

load the chosen ID number so its contents can be reviewed (Figure 41). Here, any measurement

results, GPS coordinates, voice notes and picture saved for the chosen ID can be viewed on the

KT-20’s screen.

Figure 41: Record Contents

51

GPS Coordinates: View record’s saved GPS coordinates.

Play Voice Note: Playback record’s voice note.

Text Note: Review record’s text note.

Picture: View record’s picture.

Meas 1kHz: View record’s measurement result in 1 kHz frequency.

Meas 10kHz: View record’s measurement result in 10 kHz frequency.

Main Menu: Return to the main menu.

NOTE: The measurement frequencies listed are dependent on the sensor’s operating

frequencies.

Figure 42: GPS Coordinates

To review a measurement result, choose one of the available Meas options from the record

contents menu. Use the UP/DOWN buttons to navigate the menu and press OK on the desired

selection to display the measurement results from that frequency (Figure 43). Measurements

taken using a dual-frequency sensor will list two Meas options; a single-frequency sensor will list

one.

52

Figure 43: Saved Measurement Result

K: Magnetic susceptibility reading in SI units.

Σ: Conductivity unit in S/m.

Frequency: Sensor’s operating frequency.

Diameter corr.: Core diameter correction factor.

ΦK: Average values and standard deviation for magnetic susceptibility (e.g., average = 2.09 and standard deviation = +/- 0.000).

Φσ: Average values and standard deviation for conductivity (e.g., average = 5.14 and standard deviation = +/- 0.000).

N: Number of reading.

NOTE: N – “1 of 2” indicates that the first measurement of two is currently being displayed.

Use the RIGHT navigation button to view the results of the second reading.

Press the OK button to return the previous menu. Select Back to List to return to the Data

Recall browser.

53

3.9.2 – Delete a Record To permanently erase a record from the KT-20’s memory, use the LEFT/RIGHT buttons to

navigate to the measurement ID from the Data Recall browser and press the OK button. Select

Yes on the confirmation screen using the LEFT button and press OK to delete the record.

Figure 44: Delete Confirmation Figure 45: All Records Deleted

3.9.3 – Delete All Data

Selecting Delete All Data will erase every saved record from KT-20’s memory. Use the

LEFT/RIGHT buttons to navigate to the Delete All Data option in the Data Recall Browser and

press the OK button. A confirmation screen indicating that there are no saved records in the KT-

20’s memory will be displayed (Figure 45).

IMPORANT: Deleted records cannot be recovered.

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3.10 - Digital Camera

The KT-20 has a built-in 2 mega-pixel digital camera enabling users to visually document the

sample being measured. The high resolution colour picture is stored as a JPEG file under the

current record ID number. Saved pictures can be viewed on the KT-20’s screen in the Data

Recall menu, or downloaded to a computer through GeoView 2 2 software.

An optional barcode scanner is available for the KT-20. This upgrade enables the built-in camera

to read barcodes for improved archiving. Please contact Terraplus Inc., for more details.

Figure 46: Digital Camera

The location of the digital camera has been carefully selected to account for the use of the KT-20

in rugged field environments and conditions. However, additional care must be taken to prevent

scratching of the camera lens.

IMPORTANT: To prevent damage while cleaning the camera lens, use compressed air or a

soft-bristled brush to remove dirt and dust. If required, apply a few drops of a

lens cleaning solution to a lens tissue or cleaning cloth and wipe the lens

clean. Apply minimal pressure while wiping to prevent damage.

55

3.10.1 – Camera

To access the camera, scroll to either the Measure or Scan icons in the main menu

using the LEFT/RIGHT buttons and press the OK button. In the Measurement or Scan

Initialization Menus, use the UP/DOWN buttons to select Picture and press the OK button. The

camera will launch presenting a live view finder on the KT-20’s display (Figure 47).

Figure 47: Camera View Finder

Settings: View camera options.

SHOOT: Take picture.

Back: Return to the previous menu.

56

3.10.2 – Take a Picture

To take a picture, point the camera at the sample while viewing the image through the view

finder on the KT-20’s display and press the OK button while the SHOOT icon is selected. The

sound of a camera shutter closing indicates a picture has been taken. Maintain a distance of

approximately five inches between the camera and the sample for optimal picture results.

Figure 48: Taken Picture

3.10.3 – Camera Setup

Within the camera’s Settings option, the LIGHT MODE, SATURATION, BRIGHTNESS and

CONTRAST are available to apply certain filters to the image. Use the LEFT and RIGHT

buttons to navigate to the Settings option and press the OK button.

57

Figure 49: Camera Setup

Light Mode: Adjusts the white balance so that colours

in the image are as accurate as possible.

Saturation: The depth of the colours in the image.

The higher the saturation, the more vivid

the colours will be.

Brightness: Adjusts the camera’s brightness.

Contrast: Adjusts the camera’s tone differences.

Back to Camera: Return to Camera.

3.10.4 – Save a Picture After taking a picture, the KT-20 will return to the Measurement Initialization menu (Figure 18).

The Check icon next to the Picture option indicates that an image has been taken. The

picture will saved under the record ID along with any additional data that has been entered

58

3.11 - Density

Density Measurements can be taken using the KT-20. Using the custom external tensiometer and

accessories included with the KT-20 and a water source, the KT-20 is able to calculate the

density of the sample through water displacement. Density measurements are displayed on the

screen and can be saved along with magnetic susceptibility and/or conductivity measurements, or

taken independently.

CAUTION: The tensiometer is a custom built scale with sensitive electromechanical parts.

Certain precautions must be taken during operation to prevent damage. The

sample’s weight should not exceed 1.5 kg as this is the maximum weight

supported by the tensiometer. Using a sample heavier than 1.0 kg may result in

damage to the tensiometer. What’s more, the tensiometer’s shaft should not

rotate during operation as this may damage the electromechanical parts.

3.11.1 - Take a Density Measurement

Connect the tensiometer’s USB cable to the KT-20’s USB port and affix the scale to the bracket

on the bottom of the instrument using the hook. Select either the Measure icon or Scan

icon from the main menu.. In the measurement initialization menu, navigate to the Density

option using the UP/DOWN buttons and press the OK button to launch the Density wizard

(Figure 50). Note that the figures shown for the Density wizard are for illustration purposes

only.

59

Figure 50: Density Wizard

The density measurement sequence consists of four steps: 1) Zero Calibration; 2) Measure

Sample; 3) Measure Submerged; 4) Measurement Results.

IMPORTANT: Ensure that a firm grip is used throughout the entire density measurement

sequence. Dropping the instrument may result in damage.

STEP 1: Zero Calibration

Install the tensiometer onto the KT-20. Using a firm grip, hold the KT-20 in the air and select

Measure by pressing the OK button. Once the zero calibration measurement is complete, select

Next to continue (Figure 51).

STEP 2: Measure Sample

Fasten the sample holder wire around sample and attach it to the tensiometer using a hook

provided with the system. Hold the KT-20 in the air and select Measure by pressing the OK

button. Once the measurement of the sample is complete, select Next to continue (Figure 52).

STEP 3: Measure Submerged

Using either the water bag provided with the KT-20, or another water source (lake, sink, etc.),

place the sample in water; ensure it is fully submerged. Once the sample is submerged, select

Measure by pressing the OK button. Once the measurement of the sample is complete, select

Next to continue (Figure 53).

60

STEP 4: Results

Results of the density measurement are displayed in g/cm3 (Figure 54). Select SAVE by

pressing the OK button to store the density measurement under the record ID.

Figure 51: Step 1 Figure 52: Step 2

Figure 53: Step 3 Figure 54: Step 4

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Chapter 4 Software 4.1 - GeoView 2 Software

GeoView 2 is an easy to use Windows ™ based GUI (Graphical User Interface) that allows data

in a KT-20’s memory to be downloaded, stored and viewed on a Windows PC. GeoView 2 also

supports data export functionality to convert downloaded records into an ASCII file format,

which can then be easily imported into separate database or spreadsheet software. All data

retrieved from the KT-20 are stored in a firebird database, which is an integral part of the

GeoView 2 software. The GeoView 2 database can be a local or a networked database, with the

added possibility to have several databases existing for separating projects. Any picture, audio

note, text note, density data and GPS coordinates that are tagged to a measurement will be

downloaded.

4.1.1 – Installation

To install GeoView 2 2, locate the install package provided to you on the KT-20 software CD.

Locate the GeoView 2_setup.exe file in the Software/GeoView 2 folder; it will be approximately

21,613 KB in size. Double click the icon to run the installation package.

IMPORTANT: You must be an administrator to install the software; you will be prompted for

this information if your Windows user account does not have administrator

credentials.

The setup file contains installation packages for the GeoView 2 software, the firebird database,

and the USB drivers for the KT-20. If this is the first time connecting a KT-20 to a PC, it is

recommended to install the drivers first, and then install GeoView 2 software. To begin

installation, select the appropriate option from the menu shown below (Figure 55).

62

Figure 55: Install Splash Screen

USB Driver Installation Please ensure that the KT-20 is not connected to the PC via USB prior to driver installation. When selecting Install Georadis USB driver, a Device Driver Installation Wizard (Figure 56)

will be presented. Select Next> to continue the installation, or Cancel to exit.

Figure 56: Start Driver Installation

When the driver installation is complete, the following screen will be shown ( Figure 57).

Figure 57: Complete Driver Installation

63

At this time, plug the KT-20’s USB cable into the computer to have Windows recognize the

drivers and copy the files to the appropriate location. Windows will respond by indicating that a

new USB device has been recognized.

If the Windows fails to recognize the new hardware, a New Hardware Wizard will start (Figure

58).

Figure 58: Windows New Hardware Wizard An internet connecting is not required as the previous step has already copied the files to the PC;

select No, not at this time, then press Next>.

Figure 59: Install Automatically

Select Install software automatically (Recommended), then press Next>.

64

The drivers will start to be copied to the Windows/system32/drivers folder (Figure 60). A

warning may be presented indicating that the drivers have not passed Windows Verification

(Figure 61). In this event, select Continue anyways.

Figure 60: Start File Copy

Figure 61: Continue Anyways

The files will then be copied to your PC and you will be able to establish communication

between the PC and the KT-20.

Figure 62: Driver Files Copied

65

GeoView 2 Installation When selecting Install Georadis GeoView 2, a GeoView 2 Setup Wizard will be presented

(Figure 63). Select Next> to continue the installation, or Cancel to exit.

Figure 63: Begin GeoView 2 Installation

Clicking Next> will display a prompt screen to select the location of the installation directory

(Figure 64). A default location path is chosen (C:\Program Files (x86)\GeoView), but it can be

changed using the Browse… button. Select Next> once the correct path has been chosen.

Figure 64: Install to Location

Confirm the destination folder by selecting Next>. If you wish to change the location, select

<Back to make the necessary changes.

66

The next screen will present a prompt to “Choose a Start Menu Folder for the GeoView

Shortcuts” (Figure 65). Click Install to continue with the software installation.

Figure 65: Start Menu Folder

An installation progress window (Figure 66) will be presented, followed by a confirmation text

(Figure 67). Selecting Finish completes the installation process.

Figure 66: Installation Progress

Figure 67: GeoView 2 Installation Complete

67

4.1.2 – GeoView 2 Interface

To start using GeoView 2, double-click on the software’s icon on your PC (Figure 68). When

GeoView 2 is first opened, a calendar interface is presented (Figure 69). The calendar allows for

the data to be organized by the date it was collected on. It also enables the quick retrieval of data

from previous recordings, and displays data from multiple devices.

Figure 68: GeoView 2 Icon

Figure 69: GeoView 2 Interface

Lets get acquainted with the GeoView 2 interface. As is the case with most Windows software

programs, there are menus located at the top row of the main window; in GeoView 2, these are

labelled File, Device and Program. Each menu option contains several selections, which are

outlined below in detail. Some of the most frequently used selections have icons for quick access

to the function, located on the left size of the calendar view.

Under the File, menu selections are: Create Local Database, Open Local Database, Create

Remote Database, Open Remote Database, and Exit. The function of each selection is listed

below.

68

NOTE: When running the GeoView 2 software for the first time, there will be a prompt to

create a new local database. If this prompt was ignored, continue with Create local

database as explained below. Create Local Database: Allows for the creation of a local database to store the KT-20’s data to.

The location and the name of the database are user definable, but must be a location on the PC.

One can use the default database name (.FBD), or create a custom name for the database (Figure

70). Enter the desired name and then press Save when complete.

Figure 70: Create Local Database

Open Local Database: Opens an existing local database that contains data from one or multiple

KT-20 units. Select the database file that you wish to work with and click Open.

Figure 71: Open Local Database

Create Remote Database: Enables the creation of a remote database to store a KT-20’s data to.

The location and the name of the database are user definable, and the location can be on a server

or networked PC. Enter the path in the Server Name text box (Figure 72), then click Create

when complete.

69

Figure 72: Create Remote database

NOTE: The Firebird Super Server will have to be installed and properly setup on the server or

networked PC that will host the remote database. This must be completed for the

remote database option to work correctly. For further details, please contact Terraplus

Technical Support for assistance; contact information can be found on the last page of

this manual.

Open Remote Database: Open an existing remote database that contains data from one or

multiple KT-20 units. Enter the server name, choose the path to the database file, then press the

Open to connect to the database.

Figure 73: Open Remote Database

Figure 74: Remote Database Login

Exit: Exit the program.

The Device Menu contains the following selections: Connect device, Disconnect device,

Download data, Device parameter and Device Settings. Each selection is described on the

following page.

70

Connect Device: Connects a KT-20 to a GeoView 2 database through the USB cable or

Bluetooth connection.

Connect Device Icon

Disconnect Device: Disconnect the KT-20 from the computer.

Disconnect Device Icon

Download Data: Download data from a connected KT-20 to a GeoView 2 database. Additional

details on this can be found in section 4.1.4, beginning page 74.

Download Data Icon

Device Parameters: Make changes to general settings of the KT-20, icon seen below. Additional

details on device parameters can be found in section 4.1.7, beginning on Page 80.

Device Parameters Icon

Device Settings: Change the KT-20’s operational settings. Additional details on device settings

can be found in section 4.1.8, beginning on page 81.

Device Settings Icon

71

Under the Program Menu, selections for Options and About are found. Details for each

selection are below.

Options: Allows additional fields to be entered into a database. The new fields are stored along

with the KT-20’s measurements. More details on this option are later this section starting on

page 76.

Program Options Icon About: Indicates GeoView 2’s program build version and date. This selection also includes the

option to upgrade the software via the internet.

About GeoView 2 Icon

Directly below the menu options are the two quick accesses buttons for Calendar View and

Measure Data, pictured below. Use these icons to change between the calendar view and data

view.

Calendar View

Measure Data Preview

At the bottom of the window a bar containing additional information is presented (Figure 75).

This bar displays details for the device and database connections, the system’s or device’s date

and time, as well as the user credentials for the database login.

Figure 75: Connections Status

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To start working with the GeoView 2 software, a database must be created for the storage of the

data. This is accomplished by navigating to the File Menu (Figure 61), then selecting either

Create Local Database or Create Remote Database (note: most users will choose to use the

local database option).

4.1.3 – GeoView 2 Data Interface Selecting Measure Data changes to the data view. To switch back to the calendar view, select

the Calendar tab. Figure 76 shows the data view window.

Figure 76: GeoView 2 Data View

The data view window is divided into three blocks, as shown on the following page. The first

block contains a drop down menu for serial number selection, date range, and an export button

icon.

The displayed date has two buttons on either side of it. These two buttons enable users to move

forwards and backwards through the calendar while remaining in the data view display.

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NOTE: Only dates that contain data for the serial numbers shown will be viewable. To the left of

the date a pull down menu displays a list of KT-20 serial numbers that contain data.

From here, users can interchange between different meters that have data from the same

date. Pull the menu down with a left click of the mouse and all serial numbers that

contain data for that date will be displayed. Select the serial number you wish to view

the data for with a left click of the mouse.

Beside the serial number drop down box is the icon. This icon is used to export data from

GeoView 2 in an ASCII format for use in another database system or spread sheet program.

Block # 1

The second block contains individual records with a quick preview of some of the information

that each record contains. They are listed along with measurement IDs, displayed below.

Block # 2

The third block displays the complete data preview of an individual record selected in the second

block. An example of the third block can be found on the follow page.

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Block # 3

4.1.4 – Data Download Once the database has been created and connected, data from the KT-20 can be downloaded and

stored to a PC. To accomplish this, connect the KT-20 to a computer via the USB cable, or by

Bluetooth pairing the meter and the PC. Use the Device menu and select Connect Device, or

press the icon to connect the KT-20 to the GeoView 2 software. A window will open

prompting the user to select the connection type and serial number for the KT-20 they are

connecting to (Figure 77).

Figure 77: Connecting – USB or Bluetooth

The tabs at the top of the window are used to select either a USB or Bluetooth connection. The

KT-20 connected to the computer will show up in this list. In the case of a Bluetooth connection,

use the discover button to locate the KT-10’s serial number. Select a serial number from the list

75

with a left click of the mouse. Once the serial number is highlighted press the connect button at

the bottom of the window.

Once the KT-20 is connected the bottom of the screen will be updated with the meter’s serial

number (Figure 78).

Figure 78: KT-20 connection Updated

Proceed by pressing the download button icon , or use the Device Menu and select

Download Data. Once the download process begins a synchronization window be presented

(Figure 79).

Figure 79: Synchronizing with device

GeoView 2 will synchronize with the KT-20 to determine how much data is on the device that is

not currently in the software’s database. At this point the data will be downloaded and a dialogue

box display will be displayed indicating the details of the operation. The display will change

depending on which type of readings is being downloaded. The record number / total number of

records will be presented when data is being downloaded.

Figure 80: Downloading records

When data is loaded into the GeoView 2 database, the calendar days that contain data are

displayed in green. If the downloaded data are from multiple instruments collected on the same

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day, they are separated and a list of serial numbers will be displayed (Figure 81). Double-click

on any date to view the data from that day.

Figure 81: Calendar with Data Populated

4.1.5 – Data Display Discrete, Scanner and Borehole are the three different records type that is displayed in the GeoView 2 database. Example of Discrete Record:

Figure 82: Discrete Record Displayed

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Example of Scanner Record:

Figure 83: Scanner Record Displayed

Example of Borehole Mode: In Borehole mode, readings are collected in either the Discrete or Scanner modes.

Figure 84: Borehole Mode

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Along with the scanner graph, the GeoView 2 displays the borehole’s parameters, including the

borehole ID, start and end depths, pictures, voice notes, text notes, as well as GPS

coordinates of each scanned core. The borehole ID can be edited by clicking on the Edit button

(Figure 85).

Raw Data: Shows numerical value of a scanned core in time.

Whole Borehole: Shows graphical view of the entire cores or records collected for a given

borehole. The graph is plotted with depth information.

Figure 85 (a): Core Logged with Additional Parameters - Scanner

Figure 85 (b): Core Logged with Additional Parameters – Discrete

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4.1.6 – Data Export

When the icon is pressed from data preview an export window will open (Figure 86). Select

the data that is to be exported over a definable period of time and choose the location path.

Figure 86: Export Data

A list of serial numbers in the database will be presented with a check box beside each one.

Select the serial numbers for the data that is to be exported, indicate a date range (if desired), then

choose the folder location where the data is to be exported to. Make sure to select the preferred

delimiter. Upon selecting the export folder button a Windows Explorer window will open to

choose the location. Select a location and press OK, then the Export button to complete the task.

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4.1.7 – Device Parameters

Clicking on the icon enables quick access to the Settings Menu (Figure 87) for the KT-20

device connected to the database. The settings that can be enabled or disabled with this menu are

as follows:

Set Current Time: KT-20 time synchronization with PC.

GPS Enable: Enable or disable GPS.

Bluetooth Enable: Enable or disable Bluetooth connection.

Audio On/Off: Enable or disable KT-20’s audio.

Scanner Seep: Set scanner audio for magnetic susceptibility or conductivity.

Susceptibility Unit: Set magnetic susceptibility to measure in in SI or CGS units.

Conductivity Unit: Set conductivity to measure S/m or Ohm.m.

Diameter Corr.: Selection of core diameter for automatic geometrical correction.

Split Core: Enabled when measuring half/split core.

Auto Shutdown: Powers off the KT-20 after idling for over 300 seconds.

Figure 87: Device parameters

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Press OK to accept new changes. SAVE stores the KT-20’s settings parameters as a .txt file.

LOAD will load setting parameters from external .txt file to the KT-20.

4.1.8 – Device Settings

Selecting the icon allows access to the KT-20’s internal Memory and Maintenance options.

Figure 88: Device Settings

Concentrations: Enables the uploading of concentration tabs on a KT-20 console.

Memory: Enables users delete records that are stored on a KT-20’s internal

memory.

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Figure 89: Memory Functions

Select Read Records to have GeoView 2 list all record IDs that are currently stored in the KT-

20’s internal memory. Highlighting a record and pressing Delete Record will remove it from the

KT-20’s memory. Selecting Delete All Records will erase all of the saved data from the KT-

20’s memory. Please note that once the data is deleted, there is no option to restore.

Maintenance:

The maintenance window (Figure 88) has selections to upgrade the KT-20’s firmware. It also

contains an additional assistance method that is used to support users in the field to correct issues

that may be un-foreseen, called session to maintainer. Session to maintainer will send the

parameters file from the KT-20 to the manufacturer for further analysis and possible correction.

This file can then be sent back to the end user to correct issues that maybe present.

4.1.9 – Firmware Upgrade The firmware upgrade utility permits users to install new firmware revisions on the KT-20 via the

internet. Firmware updates allow users to enjoy new software features and/or correct any bugs in

the operation of the KT-20.

CAUTION: Failure to follow the upgrade instructions exactly could render the KT-20

inoperative, requiring an RMA to return the unit to Terraplus for repair. Please

follow the upgrade instructions explicitly.

Upon selecting Firmware Upgrade, a screen asking how to obtain the firmware file will be

presented (Figure 90). Select Download from the Internet, then click Next> to continue the

installation. Clicking or Cancel will exit.

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Figure 90: Firmware Upgrade Wizard

The wizard will automatically access Georadis’ website. If it finds a firmware that is newer than

what is currently on the KT-20, it will be downloaded.

Figure 91: New Firmware Downloaded

Press Next> to continue. The utility will erase the current firmware and upload the new firmware to the KT-20.

Figure 92: Firmware Uploaded to KT-20

Press Next > to continue

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IMPORTANT: FW UPGRADE will be displayed on the KT-20’s display during a firmware

upgrade (Figure 93). It is extremely IMPORTANT not to disturb the KT-20

during the upgrade process.

Figure 93: FW Upgrade screen

Upon successful upgrade, the KT-20 will restart. Press the Finish to exit the firmware upgrade wizard.

Figure 94: Firmware Update Complete

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4.2 – Geomon Console Software

Geomon is the KT-20’s internal software and is designed to configure the instrument’s advanced

parameter settings. Some of the advanced parameter settings include set or enable the KT-20 for

re-calibration, read current calibration parameters, download measurement logs in text format,

and advanced troubleshooting.

CAUTION: Making changes to the advanced parameter settings, without a complete

understanding of the KT-20 or guidance from Terraplus Technical Support, may

result in the instrument malfunctioning.

IMPORTANT: The KT-20 console program cannot be executed directly from a CD-ROM.

Please copy the console files to a local hard drive.

4.2.1 – Gemon Installation To install the Gemon Console Software double-click on the geomon.exe file to start the

installation wizard. A security warning screen will be presented after clicking on the file; select

RUN to continue (Figure 96).

Figure 96: Geomon Installation Wizard Select NEXT > on the Geomon Setup Wizard welcome screen (Figure 97). A Geomon Licence

Agreement terms and conditions page will be presented; click I Agree to continue (Figure 98).

Clicking < BACK will return to the previous page. Clicking CANCEL will end the Geomon

Setup Wizard.

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Figure 97: Geomon Setup Wizard Figure 98: Licence Agreement

Select a location folder to install Geomon to (Figure 99). Click NEXT> to continue.

Figure 99: Destination Folder Figure 100: Start Manu Folder

Select the Start Menu Folder and then press INSTALL (Figure 100).

To launch Geomon double-click on the Geomon short-cut icon placed on the computer’s desktop

screen or the location it was saved to.

Figure 101: Geomon

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The Geomon dashboard contains four icon selections in the menu bar at the top of the screen.

The selections are:

Figure 102: Connect device

Figure 103: Disconnect device

Figure 104: About

Figure 105: Quit application

To connect the KT-20 to Geomon:

1. Connect KT-20 the computer via the USB cable. If the connection is successful the status

window at the bottom of the screen will show a connected device.

2. Select the serial number of the KT-20 in the box and click Connect (Figure 106).

88

Figure 106: Select USB device

Figure 107: KT-20 Connected

Once the KT-20 is connected the user then can select between the Commands or Data tabs

(Figure 108).

89

Figure 108: Geomon Tab

The tab offers the following options:

Figure 109: GeoMon Commands

Device Summary: Lists information such as serial number, firmware version and

model type of the KT-20 that is connected.

Refresh: Updates the summary window.

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Parameters: Set device parameters, enter calibration values, etc.

Restart: Restart the KT-20.

Start scanning: Start scanner measurement.

Stop scanning: Stop scanner measurement.

Start measure: Start measurement sequence.

Stop measure: Stop measurement sequence.

Upload firmware: Upload a new firmware to the KT-20.

The tab:

Figure 110: Data Tab Read Records: Read all saved records.

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Delete record: Delete individual records. Delete all records: Deletes all saved records from the device. Export data: Exports saved data sets as a text file (ASCII format). 4.2.2 – Data Download

Click Read Records to start downloading saved data from the KT-20 to the computer. A

progress window will appear confirming the download process has begun (Figure 111).

Figure 111: Retrieving Data

Retrieved records are partially displayed and stored temporarily in the KT-20’s memory. A

database containing downloaded records cannot be saved for later retrieval.

To view the contents of an individual record, click on the ID number of interest. This will

display all of the saved parameters for the record (Figure 112). The following screen capture

shows a record of 10 kHz scan profile with a picture.

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Figure 112: Record Displayed

The scan profiles for magnetic susceptibility and/or conductivity measurements from different

frequencies are plotted separately (Figure 113).

Figure 113: Scan Graphed

To view numerical values of a Scan profile, click the Values tab. Numerical values of a Scan

profile are shown in time mode. There will be a total of 480 measurements for a complete Scan

record of 120 seconds.

The Info tab shows extra settings parameters, such as if a correction for core diameter and its

size, as well if a pin was utilized or not.

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4.2.3 – Data Export

To save the downloaded records as text file (.txt), click Export Data. The data export utility will

save all of the records to a file folder (Figure 114). To choose a file folder location, click Select

Folder. The folder containing data is labelled “KT20_xxxx (the serial number of the device from

where the measurements are downloaded from)”.

Figure 114: Data Exported

Double-click on the folder to reveal the content of exported data (Figure 115).

Figure 115: Exported Folder Content

Kappa.dat A master data container listing all of the records in a

single file.

Picture_xxx.jpg Digital picture file in JPEG file format

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Kt20_xxx_xxx_xxx_xxx.dat Individual data container in text format.

IMPORTANT: WordPad or Notepad is required to open files with .dat extension.

95

Chapter 5 Troubleshooting

5.1 – Note about Powering OFF Like all sophisticated electronic instruments, the KT-20 has a micro-computer core and may be

sensitive, in some specific circumstances, to external distortion (strong electromagnetic fields,

discharge) that could lead to improper operational behaviour. The most common symptom is no

reaction by the KT-20 to any button presses. To bring the KT-20 back to an operational

condition, it is necessary to turn the instrument OFF and then switch it ON. To simplify the

OFF/ON process, press and hold the OK button for over 10 seconds. This way, the KT-20 can

be turned OFF in situations when it cannot be properly shut down.

5.2 – KT-20 Powers OFF during measurement

If the KT-20 powers OFF during a measurement, check the voltage of the batteries to ensure they

are at proper levels. If the voltages are low, recharge the batteries.

5.3 – “Error” on the Display

An “Error” message will appear on the KT-20’s screen when it fails to compute a measurement

(Figure 116). The main reason for this error message may be that the measurement sequence

was not followed properly.

Figure 116: Measurement Error

96
















TIP: The Scan mode can be used to confirm the operation of the meter. 5.4 – Technical Support Please contact Terraplus’ Technical Support Department for any technical questions or support

related inquiries.

Terraplus 52 West Beaver Creek Road, Unit 12

Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 1L9 (Canada)

Phone: (905) 764-5505 Fax: (905) 764-8093

E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]

Website: http://www.terraplus.ca/

mailto:[email protected]�

mailto:[email protected]�

http://www.terraplus.ca/�

97

Appendix A: Advice and Recommendations

The KT-20 can be used for a wide range of applications in various geological fields and is useful

for both geologists and geophysicists. There are a number of considerations that must be

followed in order to obtain good data and protect the KT-20 against damage.

Do not take measurements with weak batteries. Recharge the KT-20’s batteries once the low

battery signal appears in the notification area on the display. If the batteries need to be

replaced, contact Terraplus’ Support Department for assistance.

Do not take measurements in the rain or on samples with wet surfaces.

The first step and third steps in the measurement sequence (free air measurements) should be

executed in spaces void of metallic objects, at least 50cm away from anything metallic. Users

should avoid wearing metallic earrings, necklaces or any other metallic objects.

When scanning drill core(s), avoid measuring near the nails found in wooden core boxes.

Never measure cores placed in metallic boxes. The best practice is to remove cores from the

box.

When measuring outcrops, care must be taken to find an ideal surface (i.e., flat) in order to

eliminate the influence of weathering, which results in a decrease of susceptibility. This

decrease is the more intense for strong weathering. The KT-20’s sensors are strongly

influenced by the sample nearest to its surface, even when taking measurements using the pin.

Remember that magnetic anisotropy exists; measure parallel and perpendicular to the foliation

in metamorphic rocks. Make corrections for the unevenness of the rock surfaces.

Susceptibility distribution in any outcrop is found relatively reliably if more than 12

measurements are made. One, two or three measurements are insufficient. Ensure

measurements are not taken near a geological hammer.

When placing the KT-20 on rock surface, do so gently. Beware that shocks, impacts and rough

handling of the instrument on rocks can damage the sensor.

When verifying magnetic anomalies measure different kinds of samples found in the region of

interest, even if they are small rocks or soil debris. They may not cover the full surface of the

sensor or may be very thin, but this data is for information purposes only. From the collection

gathered one can take the characteristic pieces for lab measurements, sufficiently big and

suitable for cutting the lab specimens. Susceptibility measurements help one take representative

samples for lab analysis of anisotropy and/or remnant magnetization measurement.

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Appendix B: KT-20 IP/Resistivity Note: This section of the manual assumes that the operator has familiarized themselves

with the entire KT-20 manual.

Introduction

The KT-20 IP is an induced polarization and resistivity measuring system. It consists of a

transmitter and receiver (Tx – Rx) electronics module (attaches to a KT-20 console), a sample

holder and a set of lead cables. The KT-20 IP can be used as a dedicated Galvanic IP/resistivity

meter, or added to an existing KT-20.

Theory of Operation

Analyzing the decay of potential difference as a function of time is known as the study of

induced polarization (IP) in time domain. The KT-20 IP measures the chargeability and

resistivity of a geological sample or core by applying a DC voltage (+ON, OFF, -ON, OFF) to a

sample, producing a square-wave signal. While the current is flowing through the sample, its

resistivity is calculated from the ON time voltage. When the current is interrupted, the voltage

across the potential electrodes does not immediately drop to zero, but decays slowly after an

initial decrease of its steady state value. This decay time can be over a period of seconds or, in

some cases, minutes. The Chargeability (M) is calculated from this decay.

Figure 117: Signal Waveform

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Specifications:

The KT-20 IP calculates and displays the following parameters:

• Chargeability M

• M error

• Apparent Resistivity

• Current

• Voltage

• Resistance

Electrical Characteristics

Transmitter (Tx): Receiver (Rx):

• Signal Waveform:

Time Domain (ON+, OFF, ON‐, OFF) • Chargeability Resolution: 10 μV/V

• Pulse Duration: 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 seconds • Chargeability Precision: 0.2%

• Voltage: +/‐ 6V or 15V DC • Voltage Resolution: 10 μV

• Current: Maximum of 100mA • Current Sensitivity: 10 μA

Power The IP module is powered by the KT-20’s internal batteries. At normal room temperature (~

22°C), a typical battery life is between 4 to 6 hours of continuous usage. If working indoors or in

a core shack, it is suggested to connect the AC charger (included with the instrument) to the KT-

20 and power the instrument through an AC outlet.

Features: The KT-20 IP is offered in two models: Standard and Pro.

Standard Model: Pro Model:

• Chargeability calculated using 20

chargeability windows

• Resistivity and resistance measured

• Total Tau Calculated

• Chargeability calculated using two different

methods

• Full wave analysis up to 16,000 windows

• Initial chargeability (M_ip) calculated

• Decay analysis starting at 2ms after switch off

• Chargeability calculations from user defined

intervals

• 3 time constants (Tau) calculated

• 3 exponential decay models

• Raw data recording

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M x is the calculation of total chargeability using the conventional 20

windows method. Partial chargeability windows are also calculated.

Sampling templates (defining the number of windows and their widths) for arithmetic,

logarithmic, semi-logarithmic and Cole-Cole can be selected from this menu. M x is available in

both the KT-20 IP Standard and Pro models.

Mx Fit is an algorithm that measures total chargeability over the same

time period as the M x, but implements a new sophisticated algorithm

that uses several hundred data points on the decay curve to calculate chargeability. The purpose

of Mx Fit is to provide increased accuracy.

Mx Fit is available in both the Standard and Pro models. In the Standard model, the Mx Fit

routine uses a single exponential model to analyze the decay curve and to compute a total Tau.

For the Pro Model, the Mx Fit calculations are based on three exponential decay models,

providing three Tau measurements.

M ip is the measurement of the decay curve shortly after the transmitter is

turned off (after 2 mS). The chargeability, M_ip [mV/V], is the crossing point

coming from the extrapolation of the decay curve to the zero time.

Chargeability calculations from user a defined time interval (M_User).

Layout

Figure 118: Complete KT-20 IP System

101

The KT-20 IP system consists of the following items:

• 1 KT-20 Console (Standard or Pro Model)

Includes:

- Rechargeable Li-Ion batteries with charger

- USB Cable

- GeoView 2 Software CD

- Operational manuals with quick guide

- Rugged transportation case

• 1 IP/Resistivity electronics module

• 1 IP sample holder

• 1 Set of red/black cables

• 1 Set of sponges

Sample Holder

The sample holder is delivered fully assembled. It has two electrodes made from high grade

stainless steel. The holder accommodates samples up to 6” in length and of various diameter

sizes.

Figure 119: Sample Holder

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To change the position of the two electrodes, use the

adjustable arm on the sample holder to slide the electrode left

or right. Use the lever on the adjustable arm to lock or

unlock its position. Use the dial on the adjustable arm to

increase or decrease tension on the sample without moving

the adjustable arm.

Figure 120: Adjustable Arm

The stationary electrode is spring loaded to ensure good contact

with the sample. A visual indicator is located on the side of the

stationary electrode; it will turn green once proper contact has

been achieved (Figure 121).

Figure 121: Contact Indicator

Figure 122: Sample Holder with Cables Attached

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To connect the IP module to the sample holder, insert the red and black lead cables into the

banana jacks found on the side of the each electrode as pictured in Figure 122.

Menu – KT-20 IP Standard Model

To get started, install the IP module on to the KT-20 (pictured below), then power the KT-20 on.

To power the KT-20 on, press and hold the OK button . Use the LEFT and RIGHT buttons

to navigate the Main Menu. Scroll to the Measure icon in the main menu and press the OK

button to select this option. Upon selecting the Measure icon, a Measurement

Initialization screen is displayed (Figure 123).

Figure 123: IP Measurement Initialization

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The measurement initialization menu indicates the new record’s ID number and presents a

number of data entry options, including measurements in different frequencies, take a picture of

the sample, enter a text note, record an audio note, and obtain GPS coordinates. The option to

complete a density measurement and barcode scan are also available in this menu.

Use the UP and DOWN buttons to select “IP” and press OK access its measurement screen

(Figure 124). Once this screen appears, the KT-20 is ready to begin the IP measurement

sequence.

Figure 124: IP Measure menu

In the KT-20 IP Standard model, measurement information is displayed over five separate

menus. Use the LEFT and RIGHT buttons to navigate through the different windows. The

different menus are described on the following page.

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Figure 125: Measure Menu (1 of 6)

Chargeability of the sample in mV/V.

Error in % of M (chargeability).

Resistivity of the sample in Ohm.m (Rho).

Contact resistance of the sample in Ohm.

Voltage applied to core sample in volts.

Current applied to core sample in mA.

Physical and electrical sampling characteristics of the core sample.

To measure contact resistance of the core sample.

To start measure routine for Induced Polarization.

Go back to the main menu.

The second menu (optional*) displays chargeability calculations based on the new measurement

technique: Mx Fit. Note that Mx Fit uses the same sampling characteristics that the user defined

for the M x calculations. In addition, Total Tau is calculated.

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Note: The Mx Fit calculation is optional. This feature can be enabled or disabled under the

menu. If disabled, Mx Fit and Total Tau are not calculated or

displayed in the measure menu for the KT-20 IP Standard model.


Chargeability in mV/V using the new calculation routine.

Error in % of Mx Fit (chargeability).

Total tau causations in time (seconds or milliseconds).

In the menu below (Figure 127), the physical and electrical sampling characteristics of the core

sample are recapped. These parameters are defined at the beginning of each core sample

measurement.

It is not necessary to change the number of stacks and measure time (cycle time) for every

measurement; however, the physical dimensions of the core sample must be populated for each

measurement to calculate resistivity (Rho.m) calculations.

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The menu below (Figure 128) lists the number of windows and their widths to plot the decay

curve along with delay time. The delay time cannot be altered; it is chosen to match filed IP

survey parameters.


Figure 129 displays partial chargeability calculations for each of the 20 IP windows.

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The last menu (Figure 130) displays the decay curve. The y-axis represents the measured voltage

in millivolts (mV); the X-axis plots the decay curve in milliseconds (mS). Use the RIGHT and

LEFT navigation buttons to scroll through the time on the x-axis. The UP and DOWN buttons

are used to zoom in or out on the decay curve.


Before an IP measurement can be taken it is necessary to enter the physical dimensions and

sampling characteristics of the core sample. This information is populated in the

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tab. Use the UP and DOWN buttons to navigate to the button and press OK to

select it.

Figure 131: IP Parameters

The selections within the menu (Figure 131) are as follows.

Number of Stacks: Choose the number of repeated

measurements (stacks), ranging from 1

to 50.

Sample Size: Enter the physical dimensions of the

core sample being tested, including

area, length, diameter, half core or

units.

ON/OFF Time: Choose the transmitter’s On/Off time.

Times can be set at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8

seconds.

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Voltage: Choose to inject either 6V or 15V.

Windows Template: Selections are arithmetic, logarithmic,

semi-logarithmic and Cole-Cole.

Fit Calculation: Enable Mx Fit calculation (yes or no).

If disabled (no), Mx Fit and Total Tau

are not calculated or displayed in the

KT-20 IP Standard model.

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KT-20 IP Pro Model

The KT-20 Pro model includes all of the features as described in the Standard model, but has the

following additional capabilities:

• Calculations that are based on three exponential decay models

• Decay analysis starting at 2ms after switch off

• Initial chargeability (M_ip) calculated

• Chargeability calculations from user defined intervals (M_User)

• Three time constants (Tau) calculated

• Raw data recording

Note: This section of the manual assumes that the operator is familiar with operation of the KT-

20 IP Standard Model.

Note: The Mx Fit calculation is optional; this feature can be enabled or disabled under

the menu (Figure 132). If is set to NO, then Mx Fit,

M_ip, M_User and 3 Taus (time constants) will be not calculated or displayed as part of

the measure menu. Instead, the Pro model will run as the Standard Model.

Figure 132: Pro Model Parameters Menu

User defined intervals for chargeability measurements.

112

One advantage of the Pro model is that it enables users to analyze the decay curve as early as

2ms. The user defined intervals, Start time (t1) and Stop time (t2), are entered under

(figure 133).

Figure 133: User defined interval

Pro Model – Menu

For the KT-20 IP Pro model, the measurement information is displayed over eight separate

menus. Use the LEFT and RIGHT buttons to navigate through different menu screens. Of the

eight, the first five menus are identical to those described in the Standard model, starting on page

104.

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Figure 134 :Standard / Pro Menu (1 of 8)

Figure 135: Standard / Pro Menu (2 of 8)




114


Chargeability in mV/V based on user defined intervals.

Error in % of M User (chargeability).

User defined interval – t1.

User defined interval – t2.

Chargeability in mV/V.

115


Time constants from three exponential decay models.

Amplitude values from three exponential curves.

116

Figure 141: Measure Menu – Decay Curve (8 of 8)

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Measurement / Sample Preparation

It is important to keep the measurement technique and conditions the same for every sample.

Measurement results will vary if the technique or conditions are changed. The measured values

from the KT-20 IP will not necessarily match the data acquired in the field, which is taken over a

large surface area and may point to the possible location of an ore body. Instead, the measured

values from the KT-20 IP allow users to compare geological samples to define which ones are

more chargeable. In the end, values for chargeability and resistivity may be different, but the

user should be able to notice a similar trend. One can then correlate anomalies versus results

from the field.

To properly correlate data taken from the field with the KT-20 IP’s measurements, it is suggested

that the user employ the same sampling parameters as the field equipment. Typically, two

seconds ON/OFF cycle time and the standard Arithmetic windows are used.

Keep the electrodes on the sample holder clean.

Keep the red and black cables clean. The banana plugs on the cables are made of a

stainless material similar to the electrodes found on the sample holder. If replacing a

damaged or missing cable, make sure that its replacement is made from the same material

and the same length to avoid any capacitive effect.

Soak the sponges in a sodium solution to improve contact between the electrodes and core

sample.

Ensure the core sample being tested is kept dry at all times. Take extra care to not to

touch the core sample with wet hands, while either handling the sample or placing it in

the sample holder.

To take a measurement, place the core sample between the two steel electrodes by using

sponges soaked in a sodium chloride solution. To ensure that the solution is saturated,

do not allow the sodium crystals to completely dissolve in the water. For example, add

one table spoon of sodium to one-litre of fresh water; stir the solution but leave some

visible sodium crystals.

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Ensure the core sample is properly secured between the two electrodes and that good

surface contact has been achieved. The tension indicator on the sample holder will show

green when proper the core sample has achieved proper contact.

A good contact resistance with the core sample is required for an optimum measurement.

Use the “Pre-Check” option in the measurement menu to check for contact resistance

between the two electrodes before proceeding with a measurement. The ideal resistance

range is 50 ohm – 2 Mohm for 6V, and 100 ohm – 5 Mohm for 15V.

Number of Stacks

IP signals are often noisy due to the numerous signal sources that cause potentials of a

similar magnitude and/or frequency as the chargeability effect. Therefore, it is

recommended to gather multiple measurements and averaging (stacking) in order to

reduce this type of random noise. We suggest a minimum of two stacks for optimum

results.

Taking an IP measurement

From the KT-20’s Main Menu (the dashboard where all of the options are contained) use the

LEFT and RIGHT buttons to scroll through the selections. Scroll to the Measure Icon in

the main menu and press the OK button to select this option. Upon selecting the Measure

icon, a Measurement Initialization screen will be displayed (Figure142).

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Figure 142: IP Measure Initialization

Once the measurement initialization screen is displayed, the KT-20 IP is ready to begin its

measurement sequence. Use the UP and DOWN buttons to select the

“IP” option and press OK to select it. Once the measure menu appears (Figure 143), the KT-20

is ready to begin the IP measurement sequence.

Figure 143: Measure Menu

Steps:

Step 1: Load a core sample into the sample holder (see advice and recommendation)

Step 2: Connect the red and black lead cables between the IP module and the sample

holder.

Step 3: Select to enter the physical dimensions of the sample and the

sampling characteristics, including Number of Stacks, Sample Size, Measure

Time, Voltage, Window Template, M User * and Fit Calculation.

* M User available in Pro IP model only

Note: Failure to input physical dimensions of sample will result in Rho not being calculated.

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Step 4: Press to measure the contact resistance of the sample. This step

is to confirm that the sample has proper contact with the sample holder’s

electrodes. The Pre-Check also helps determine if the core sample is worth

measuring. Measuring highly resistive or conductive core samples may not be

useful.

Figure 145: Pre-Check

Step 5: Select to start the IP measurement routine

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Figure 146: Measure Progress

A progress circle with a text description is displayed as a visual indicator throughout the

measurement sequence (Figure 146). Measurement 1 of 2 indicates that there are two

stacks/measurement cycles selected for this sequence.

Note: Pressing the OK button at any time during measurement sequence will cancel

the measurement.

After completing the first stack (injection), a new screen will appear indicating the data is being

prepared (Figure 147). Prepared data are temporarily kept in the KT-20’s memory buffer after

each stack.

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Figure 147: Preparing Data

After one stack has been completed, the KT-20 IP will repeat the measurement process until it

has reached the number of predetermined stacks identified by the user (maximum number of

stacks is 50). If the Mx Fit calculation is selected, a screen indicating that the calculations are in

progress will be presented (Figure 148).

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Figure 148: Mx Fit Calculation in Progress

Measurement screens are populated with readings/data when all of the measurements are

completed.



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Save a Measurement

To save a measurement, access the option by pressing the DOWN navigation

button while the results are displayed on the screen (Figure 151). Selecting

will store the measurement to the console’s internal memory, and return the KT-20 back to the

Measurement Initialization Menu to continue taking measurements.

Downloading to GeoView 2

Please refer to Chapter 4 (beginning on page 61) for detailed instructions on how to install both

GeoView 2 and the USB drivers, downloading data, as well as description of GeoView 2

database and interface.

As explained in Chapter 4, the GeoView 2 data view window is divided into three blocks, as

shown on the following page in Figure 156. The first block contains a drop down menu for

serial number selection, date range and an export button icon.

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The displayed date has two buttons on either side of it. These two buttons enable users to move

forward and backward through the calendar while remaining in the data view window.

Figure 156: GeoView 2 Data View Window

Example of Standard IP Record

Downloaded data from a KT-20 IP Standard model are shown in the Figure 157. Click on the

desired record ID to view its data.

Figure 157: Standard IP Data Preview

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Figure 158: Example of a Record ID

Figure 158 is an example of a measurement record (ID 45, for this example). The record

indicates a voice note, GPS coordinates, text note and picture were tagged with the IP

measurement.

The IP tab lists two sub-tabs, titled Basic and Windows. The Picture tab, positioned next to the

IP tab, will contain any image that was captured and saved under the measurement record.

Figure 159: Tabs

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The Basic tab lists the IP measurement, along with the physical and electrical sampling

characteristics of the core sample.

Figure 160: IP Basic

The Windows tab shows partial chargeability data, the total number of windows used and the

width of each window for plotting the decays curve.

Figure 161: Windows – Partial Chargeability Data

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The decay curve is graphed to visualize the data. Use the or buttons to control the

zoom, or change the scale of the mV/V on the “Y” axis.

A mouse with a scroll function is required to scroll through the “X” axis to view the decay curve

in time (m/S).

Figure 162: Decay Curve

Example of Pro Model IP Record

The IP tab lists three sub-tabs, titled Basic, Windows and Pro Mode. The Picture tab,

positioned next to the IP tab, will contain any image that was captured and saved under the

measurement record.

Figure 163: Pro Model Record

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The Basic tab lists the IP measurement, along with the physical and electrical sampling

characteristics of the core sample.

Figure 164: Basic IP Data - Pro Model

The Windows tab shows partial chargeability data, the total number of windows used and the

width of each window for plotting the decays curve.

Figure 165: Windows – Partial Chargeability Data

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The Pro Mode tab lists the advanced IP parameters that were measured, including three Taus,

Components, M ip and M User.

Figure 166: IP data – Pro Mode Tab

Data Export

When the icon is pressed from the data preview an export window will open (Figure 167).

Select the data that are to be exported over a definable period of time and choose the location

path.

Figure 167: Export Data

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Select a location and press OK, then press the Export button to complete the task.

The exported data are found in a folder containing the serial number of device (Figure 168).

Figure 168: Export Folder

The exported .csv files containing the IP data are found in the folder labelled “ip”.

Figure 169: IP Data Folder

The IP folder contains all of the exported data in a .CSV file format.

Figure 170: Exported files

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ip_records.csv is the master data file. It contains the following header columns:

Record_Id

Date

Time

M IP [mV/V]

Mx [mV/V]

Mx Error [%]

Mx Fit [mV/V]

Mx Fit Error [%]

M User [mV/V]

M User Error [%]

Resistivity[ohm.m]

Resistance[ohm]

Voltage [V]

Current

Total Tau

Tau 1 [ms]

Tau 2 [ms]

Tau 3 [ms]

Exponent A

Exponent B

Exponent C

Sample Length

Sample Diameter

Sample Half Core

Measure Time

Stacks

Delta T

Data Length

Windows Count

Pro Mode

Fit Calculation Figure 171: ip_records.csv

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The ip_window_data_record_xx.csv contains partial windows chargeable data. The column

headers are Number of Window, Windows Width and Chargeability mV/V.

Figure 172: ip_windows_data

The ip_raw_data_record_48.csv (Figure 173) file contains the raw chargeability data in 16,000

data points. Raw data is only available with the Pro Model.

Figure 173: Raw Data – Pro Model Only

Documents

KT- 20 - Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists User Manual (GR).pdf · Both the KT-20 and KT-20 C can be upgraded to a KT-20 S/C at any time via the internet. The Plus ,