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HGS Petroleum Exploration Methods Part II: Petroleum System: Source Houston Geological Society Academic Liaison Committee
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Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
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HGS PetroleumExploration Methods
What Geologists and Geophysicistsdo to find oil and gas
Cerro Azul #4 blow-out, Veracruz, Mexico February 1916
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
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Part II: Petroleum System:
Source
HGS PetroleumExploration Methods
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
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Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
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Source: Oil is produced from “source rock”
Oil is formed in sedimentary rocks that contain large quantities of organic material. Most of the world’s oil is generated from rocks containing algae, an aquatic plant
Houston Geological SocietyAcademic Liaison Committee
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Source: Oil is produced from “source rock”Oil forms from organic matter that is "cooked" deep within the earth for long periods of time at low temperatures.
Fossil organic matter is called kerogen
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Source: Oil is produced from “source rock”
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Petroleum System
Spill PointSpill Point
Seal Rock(Mudstone)Reservoir Rock
(Sandstone)Migration from‘Kitchen’
1) Early Generation
2) Late Generation
Gas displaces all oil
Gas beginning to displace oil
Displaced oil accumulates
A Dynamic Entity
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Generation MigrationAccumulation
and Preservation
Petroleum System: Timing is CriticalPetroleum System: Timing is Critical
Processes:
Elements: Source Rock
Migration Avenue
Reservoir and Seal
TrapTrap Must Be Available Before/During Migration
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Part II: Petroleum System:
Reservoir
HGS PetroleumExploration Methods
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Reservoir: Oil is stored in “reservoir rock”
Oil fills the pore-space between grains
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Reservoir: Oil is stored in “reservoir rock”Sand grains are white, pore space is blue
Porosity = 26%, permeability = 2434 md
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Reservoir SandstonePore-Filling Cement Reduces Quality
= Less Space for Petroleum
Cement(pink)
