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This is the version for selfaccess use. Timings are purely illustrative. Please note that this module is timed to occupy two hours of training. 1

KS3 Spontaneous Speaking self-access - allconnect blog...Be repeatable in another context (by changing the vocabulary) Be flexible (in terms of the discourse types) This screen reminds

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Page 1: KS3 Spontaneous Speaking self-access - allconnect blog...Be repeatable in another context (by changing the vocabulary) Be flexible (in terms of the discourse types) This screen reminds

This is the version for self‐access use. Timings are purely illustrative. 

Please note that this module is timed to occupy two hours of training. 

1

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The purposes of this activity are :

To clarify what themes are interesting enough to engage a spontaneous response

To clarify the differences between what is appropriate in pair‐ or group‐work as compared with whole class mode.

Rank the themes in order of interest.

If you have a partner, compare the rank order and discuss any differences.

Put yourself in the place of a Key Stage 3 pupil and consider which of these they would not wish to discuss with the teacher in front of the whole class, and put a cross against them.

0.00 – 0.03

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These questions are at the heart of this session. Reflect on them for a moment before looking at the aims and objectives of this session and the follow‐ups.

0.03‐0.05

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0.05‐0.06

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Handout 1: Objectives review (available on the ALL Connect blog)  – this is for use throughout the session to make notes on things you wish to pursue (in the Action Plan) associated with individual objectives.

0.06‐0.08

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NB the word ‘not’ in the title. This is an obvious point but one worth making – that the Speaking element of some styles of exam etc. has been based on rote learning and not communication / spontaneity.

The reflection that follows will lead into identification of your professional interpretation of the Programme of Study and identification of a Rationaleyou can include in individual Departmental Handbook / Policies.

0.08‐0.09

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Look at Handout 2 ‘CFER Assessment Grid English’ (available on the ALL Connect blog) to see the differences highlighted and to identify which Levels in Speaking they think apply to Key Stage 3. (Probably up to level B1, with some aspects of B2)

0.09‐0.12

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What other elements of spontaneous speaking do you identify? Please make a list alongside this screen. They may well include:

Phatic language (language from the listener that serves to support the interactional frame and convey to the speaker that s/he has been understood and to convey interest and the desire to know more – echoes with interested / surprised intonation are an example of phatic language) , confidence, fluency (and lack of fluency when the speaker is producing unplanned speech in real time, coping strategies, exposure to unpredictability

Review the full list and begin to consider which year in Key Stage 3 the items might best fit into, given that they cannot learn them all at once!. It may be that all of them fit into year 7 in some contexts. We will need to explore the progression in these strands of language throughout the three years of Key Stage 3.

We will return to the questions of Target Language and Progression.

0.12‐0.15

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We are about to look at what the National Curriculum says but first it is important for you, as a language professional, to identify your own rationale. 

Suggestions

Teachers – spontaneous interaction makes lessons more dynamic

Learners – feeling confident about speaking is very motivating

The UK – our reputation in the Press as a poor nation of language users needs to change

‘Real talking’ involves listening, interacting to check comprehension, body language and awareness of audience. Some aspects of Speaking for exam purposes are the antithesis of this: it makes very little, if any, difference what your interlocutor says or does; you just have to say what you are told to say.

We will return to questions of Rationale.

0.15‐0..20

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The issues surrounding speaking in front of the class – especially for teenagers – are well known: stress, embarrassment, fear of mistakes among others.

This screen aims to raise points about making time for talking – which does not need to be long and could double up with e.g.  Plenary moments; also about using pairwork and groupwork carefully  at least to facilitate talking; and also to stress the teacher role in promoting talking, in giving feedback and in raising the profile of the spoken form of language.

These issues are bound to be revisited in the Action Plan and piloting of curriculum development.

0.20‐0.24

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The profile of Spontaneous Speaking needs to be raised ; in other curriculum areas only the written work is seen to really count.

How do you think you could raise the profile of Spontaneous Speaking with the different year‐groups in the key stage,

(including it explicitly in Lesson Objectives? : In this lesson I will learn how to talk about .. / say .. / ask .. etc.)

and who else they would need to raise awareness with.

(Senior Management, Parents, other teachers)

Do you have a strategy for keeping records of pupils’ progress in Speaking. (Soundfiles? Video? Public event?)

What are the Skills? 

These issues are bound to be revisited in the Action Plan and Piloting of curriculum development.

Schemes of work are very busy, and teachers are wary of  adding ‘extra things’ so please remember that a focus on spontaneous speaking can fit with any content, any theme, any topic and need not take up much time in a lesson.

The next screen is an interactive classroom activity included to make the session more dynamic, and to illustrate that different aspects of the curriculum can be blended together. This one is linked to the curriculum requirements about authentic resources; it is in German, but there is a gloss for teachers of other languages. 

0.24‐0.27

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In groups of 4

Pupils think of/are given  a country to represent

Each group has points to allocate 8, 5, 3 and 1 according to their preferences

Pupils listen to the clips, make brief notes to jog their memory and then discuss allocation of the points

The teacher emphasises that the discussion will be short , and will be in the Target Language, and then circulates to check.

The resulting scores are collated by the teacher  to identify the class favourite of the clips.

0.27‐0.28

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This activity is featured in the ALL Literature wiki http://ALL‐Literature.wikidot.com 

Of course teachers cannot be certain that all of the pupils will be sticking to the target language throughout the discussion; that is why it is short. By limiting the amount of language needed to do the activity there is a chance that they can be encouraged to use it, and the following screen allows the teacher to celebrate their speaking and plan for future language needs.

0.28‐0.30

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The point of this screen is to highlight that after an activity where pupils are talking in groups it is useful to have a plenary to discuss any new language they might want to use and any issues they had in using the target language.  

If pupils can be engaged in identifying future language needs there is some sense of ownership of the progression they will make. 

If pupils have strong views about these clips they could be encouraged to research some other music for a future lesson.

Can you think of a few examples of the Language pupils would need.

0.30‐0.32

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The previous activity was for a group, to allow for a mixture of opinions and a random collection of scores

Make a note of the purposes for using Pairwork or Groupwork with classes

Maybe:

Pairs – for practice, Q&A, role‐play, peer assessment

Groups – games requiring a judge, opinion sharing, discussion, problem‐solving tasks

Clarify also if either of these configurations have disadvantages

Which configurations (Pairs or Groups) do you think fit best with which year groups?

Reflect on whether you think you make sufficient use (or too much use) of either or both of these configurations specifically in terms of Target Language use

0.32‐0.35

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In screen 3 the matter of progression was introduced. The Eurovision activity (screen 5) could function with a very small range of language – just the numbers, for example – but it could also be used with more competent language users and require contextualised use of much richer language.

Handout 3: Spontaneous Speaking strands (available on the ALL Connect blog) 

The handout ‘Spontaneous Speaking strands’ provides a grid to use to  steer your thinking. The purpose of this activity is to clarify that the productive language pupils would need for these interactions can be spread across time and might match progression in grammatical awareness / linguistic complexity as well as age‐appropriateness.

Take a few minutes to write initial ideas into the boxes.

The example here is purely illustrative, and real pupils may well progress much more quickly.

NB By kind permission the Group Talk Progression chart is available to ALL Connect  and will form a focus for a Follow‐Up session.

0.35‐0.40

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This screen, by permission of Greg Horton, suggests the cognitive / communicative progression over time within the Group Talk approach.

This screen serves to reassure teachers about what they can hope for over time.

Given the distribution of language lessons in a typical timetable, and the imperative to do other things than just Talking, this progression may take several years of course.

0.40‐0.42

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These Aims relate to Key Stage 2 and 3 – a point worth reinforcing.

In practical terms teachers are aware that experience in Key Stage 2 will be varied, but you may be interested to discuss with Primary colleagues, if at all possible, the  experience that pupils have had when they arrive in Key Stage 3.

The Key Stage 2 experience may well have taken pupils part of the way on their progression with Spontaneous Speaking, and this will affect your own planning and expectations. See next screen.

0.42‐0‐44

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This is selected relevant text from the Key Stage 2 Programme of Study.

Depending on the Primary experience the Key Stage 3 teacher may be able to accelerate the progression in Speaking work.

0.44‐0.45

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This is selected relevant text from the Key Stage 2 Programme of Study.

Consider what the implications could be for planning for arrivals in Key Stage 3.

Some interactive lessons (e.g. potentially the Eurovision lesson) could provide useful differentiation for pupils with different experiences, as could the short activity on the following screen.

0.45‐0.47

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There is of course a connection between spontaneity and time pressure which requires some training and support. An activity like this one – for pairs ‐ aims to :

Give a challenge in a playful context

Remind learners of language they already know

Be repeatable in another context (by changing the vocabulary)

Be flexible (in terms of the discourse types)

This screen reminds the class of some of the language they have previously encountered / been taught, so that they can activate their memory

0.47‐0.49

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NB

•That pupils will get better at the activity if they do it again fairly soon

•That you can change the (core!) topic very easily 

•That they might well have requests for language they wanted to say (useful for forward planning)

•That there is an opportunity to remind them of constructions they could have used but may have forgotten 

0.49‐0.51

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This is selected relevant text from the Key Stage 3 Programme of Study.

Explore ‘information that goes beyond their immediate needs and interests’ – what do you think this means? What implications does it have potentially for content in the scheme of work?

0.51‐0.53

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This is selected relevant text from the Key Stage 3 Programme of Study

Alongside this ‘express and develop ideas clearly and with increasing accuracy, both orally and in writing’ it is useful to think about the parallel requirement ‘use and manipulate a variety of key grammatical structures and patterns, including voices and moods, as appropriate’

Go back to the annotated  Handout: Spontaneous Speaking strands and see if you can add anything about grammar to the progressions. 

0.53‐0.55

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Several quotations from Rachel Hawkes’ thesis are incorporated in this session and some elements will form part of the Follow Up also.

0.55‐0.56

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The OFSTED pdf document contains also much practical advice on how Spontaneous Speaking is encouraged in the school, and a link to the school’s Target Language policy. Exploring this in more depth will form one of the Follow‐up activities.

On the next screen is a para from the OFSTED doc

0.56‐0.57

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This is a highly developed model of supporting Spontaneous Speaking. The groups have 

to develop social interaction in the target language, be familiar with the language used in discussion,

Read through and highlight 

•Any issues you may have in trying to implement anything similar in their own school context

•What your first thoughts are on the ‘necessary structures’ in their own Language / classes

•What the implications are of ‘arguing with the teacher’?

Think about how you provoke pupils to respond in the Target Language through

•Making deliberate mistakes

•Putting people randomly on the spot

•Activities such as ‘Contradict me ..’

•Including a Surprise

0.57‐1.00

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‘Something worth talking about’ is explored on the next screen

‘Language tools’ are explored further after that, but the initial ideas are already in place in the Spontaneous Speaking Strands doc.

1.00‐1.02

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The purpose of this brainstorm activity is to encourage you to broaden the range of themes you could include in that area of the scheme of work that deals with Target Language use, expressing opinions and spontaneity. The second question asks you to create a bank of questions that could be applied to many of the themes you might consider introducing.

NB Some themes (personalities, events, musical phenomena …)  do need to be up to date or live, while others are of ongoing interest. Of course pupils can inform teachers of what is current and in fashion.

Please make a list of the themes suggested for sharing with colleagues

Please also make a list of the questions you propose and encourage teachers of different languages to version these for their own needs

1.02‐1.06

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This is what the OFSTED report implies and what teachers feel to be likely.

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This screen is just a hint of things to consider at a late point. 

These questions form part of a Follow Up activity..

1.06‐1.07

The next screen uses the format of a familiar game ( I went to market and I bought ..) to rehearse and reinforce a particular Language Tool and might be a short starter activity

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The images should appear one at a time, and there should be a larger number of them! This is just for example

In a pair or small group pupils take it in turn to say what they see against the clock

On my holidays I like to play golf

On my holidays I like to play golf and to play football 

On my holidays I like to play golf and to play football and to watch F1

Etc.

Then the pictures are removed and they try again

Clearly the main structure can be changed at will, and the vocabulary adjusted to what has been studied

What variants on the game could you suggest  e.g. I went to eBay and I bought …

1.07‐1.09

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Teachers combine their focus on  Speaking skills with this new language 

•Focus on graphemes and phonemes

‐Modelling use 

‐Recital of the new language with spoken gap fills etc.

‐Challenge to read aloud unfamiliar words

‐explored on the next screen

‐1.09‐1.11

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The three languages are included as examples

Having taught and practised the key phonemes of the language of study this sort of short timed activity reinforces the points, offers some challenge, and contains potentially some cultural information also.

Pupils could of course be encouraged to research some other challenging place names from the Target Language speaking world.

What other sort of words could teachers use to recycle the principle of this activity? (Any proper nouns – Writers, Singers, Sportspeople, film stars,  names of cities in other countries, place names, famous people, historical events, people in the news and their job‐titles etc.)

To remind pupils that when they are speaking their Target Language they need to adjust their mindset and mouth movements the next screen is a variant on this 

1.11‐1.12

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The challenge here is to ‘take off the English–speaking hat’ and think like a speaker of another language. 

The video clip on the next slide illustrates the perceived impressiveness of someone who ‘sounds’ as though they are speaking a language well. This young woman is actually uttering just nonsense. The point of using it is to highlight that ‘a good accent’ and good intonation are useful and impressive skills. 

1.12‐1.13

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This reinforces the importance of body and facial expression, tone and ’accent’ in conveying an idea of confidence in the language. The young woman clearly has an excellent ear.

1.13‐1.15

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Do you like this definition as one element of Spontaneous Speaking?

How can the Problem‐solving aspect be exploited?

1.15‐1.17

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To distract learners from anxiety about accuracy the following activity asks simply for ‘Something Different’ and would be run 

Firstly with the whole class calling out

Then with individuals taking it in turns to respond

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Pupils may say anything at all in the Target Language that is different from the words on screen.

If we want them to say something Similar but Different then we need to say so!

Another variant for differentiation purposes would be Say something Longer

This is designed to appeal to teenagers’ liking for things that are ‘Random’

1.17‐1.20

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The images etc. are associated with specific Target Language utterances

The OFSTED quotation reinforces the point that many pupils need cues that are non‐verbal. Having to read a text first can make it an obstacle rather than a support. 

Images and symbols have been used to great effect in, for example, the dice and card games created by publishers such as Miniflashcards, for use in pair or group activities, and based on theories about kinaesthetic and visual learners

Using Sign Language as a prompt is a valuable strategy as

You can be consistent

The signs are linked to the concepts anyway

A fixed image British Sign Language dictionary is available here: http://www.british‐sign.co.uk/british‐sign‐language/dictionary/

But a video dictionary is better

What examples can think of for any of these cued strategies?

What other strategies do you use for recalling these ‘tools’ for ‘spontaneous’ use?

Which do you prefer?

Taking your preferred cue strategy how would you adjust the activity on the following screen?

1.20‐1.24

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The principle is that pupils take ownership of the cueing strategy and challenge their partner / small group to produce the spoken utterance required.

1.24‐1.25

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What behaviours and choices could you make to support pupils in feeling able to contribute spontaneously in the Languages classroom at certain times?

Suggestions follow

1.25‐1.27

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You may have other suggestions of course

Planting the utterances – creating a routine so that when Teacher does / says X, pupils say Y

What sort of routines could you envisage?

Controlling timing ‐What sort of timing would be appropriate in year 7, year 8, year 9 and how regular would a spontaneous speaking session be?

Preparation ‐What sort of preparation would be needed in year 7, year 8, year 9 ?

The next screen illustrates content which could generate a desire for some conversation 

1.27‐1.29

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NB The photo is purely by way of example.

Given that the class is accustomed to interrogating this sort of resource, ask participants to suggest what questions might they ask in the Target Language about the photo?

These could be differentiated over the key stage; they point would be to give a context for pupils to ask genuine questions.

Is that you?

Who is …?

.. on the left?

Where is it?

When was that?

Have you been ..?

Why ..?

What are you doing?

What comments might they make :

How embarrassing!

I like …

Etc.

1.29‐1.30

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Reflect on this.

You may suggest:

Building up a relationship and expectations over time

Teaching and revising appropriate questions and comments

Locating suitable images

Modelling : Don’t just tell them; show them what you mean

Of course older students could be asked to create photos for pupils to discuss

Other resources might include: authentic texts, literary texts, web pages, real things from partner schools, video clips, etc.

1.30‐1.35

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Again a spontaneous speaking session could usefully be followed by a short whole class reflection on new language the would like / have liked to use.

This activity would fit into what Rachel Hawkes calls ‘No risk moments’ (on next screen)

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These moments are those when 

Spontaneity

Creativity

And experimentation come to the fore

The next activity is in the same category 

NB Pupils would need a piece of scrap paper roughly A5

Explain that they need to tear their piece of paper into 4 smaller pieces

You are going to show them on the screen 4 instructions, one for each scrap of paper; they will have to the count of 6 only to complete the instruction. The game is that they must stop at the end of the count and move on to the next instruction.

Further instructions are on the screens

1.35‐1.39

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5555

The instructions need to appear separately, upon the rapid count of 6 each time

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5656

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What issues do you foresee, connected with such an activity? 

How could they be addressed?

e.g.

Pupils will be trying to say things they haven’t learnt – that can be a good thing!

Pupils will make mistakes – that gives opportunity for overteaching

Pupils will do it in English – Are there strategies for dealing with this?

Pupils will ask for lots more language – great! Next time they play the game (with different vocabulary) they should get better at it, and the language they will want is  in the domain of narrative / anecdote which is an interesting discourse skill

1.39‐1.40

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This is a prioritising activity. 

Thinking of Year 9 – pupils taking options very often consider how good they are a a subject and how engaging it is, and teachers look for ways to boost confidence and sense of achievement, as well as direction.

Rank these discourses in order of which are most motivational – as a language learner in Year 9  which would you consider most interesting / useful?

‘Pragmatic’ in this context would include cultural context – politeness, informality, register

Are there others? Please add these to the list.

Pick out the ones with highest rank.

Rank them again in terms of the what Year 9s actually experience.

Is there a congruence? Are there some discourse types that we could try to stimulate more?

1.40‐1.43

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Thinking back to the ‘6 seconds’ card activity, note down the 6 most important narrative verbs pupils would want to use .

How could we support pupils to have these Language Tools to hand when speaking in this sort of context?

‐support on the walls, in books etc. 

‐preparing for such an activity at home before the lesson.

The second question aims to uncover teachers’ worries about a sequence of teaching grammar. Using high frequency verbs in the Past as lexical items may be an initial way of exposing pupils to the forms, before beginning to analyse them / explore rules.

Anecdotes are often told in the Present tense anyway.

1.43‐1.46

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This reminder aims to reinforce that the purpose of language learning is not limited to the requirements of an examination specification at any certain point, but has a lifelong, and personalised  aspect. As teachers we should consider where our pupils will be moving on to next, and how we can keep them engaged in learning / using language when they have moved on. 

So Learning is not just remembering language, but knowing how to use it (and wanting to do so)

Do you agree? Professionals are entitled to diversity of opinion!

1.46‐1.48

The next screen ‘Taboo’ is a small group activity with much opportunity for spontaneous speech and personal input, and the concomitant risks of going off track. It would require  careful time limiting and  group construction. 

Each group has 3 or 4  people – 1 person is the describer, 1 is the arbitrator, and 1 or 2 are the guessers. It would usually be played with cards rather than on screen. 

The describer will see a picture / word and must describe it in the Target Language to the guesser, without using any of the Taboo words listed, against the clock.

The arbitrator checks that the describer does not use a Taboo words and speaks in the Target Language. 

Ask participants to get into groups to try the activity.

1.48‐1.52

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Again you will notice that there are (useful) high frequency constructions relating to this sort of activity  ‐ descriptive language, prepositions, ‘it is used for’ etc.

List other activities / word games you use / could use in the context of generating some spontaneous use of language. This will be useful for sharing. 

In terms of peer assessment and learning skills, you might consider how you would help groups / pairs reflect on their own performance and what they could learn from each other in such an activity

1.52‐1.53

At  the same time pupils need regular reinforcement of the rationale for participating in this sort of activity, as on the next screen

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Pupil to pupil talk is undoubtedly the most challenging aspect of encouraging spontaneous talk and may be a long‐term aim

1.53‐1.54

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Thanks to Greg Horton for these screens

66

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You may wish to use the Action Plan (available on the ALL Connect blog) to reflect on the language you would need to provide to a class, or to individuals, in order to carry out these functions and make some notes .

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A Follow up activity will explore the progression of the Group Talk approach

1.54‐1.55

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Fill in the Action Plan (available on the ALL Connect blog); this should be an individual plan for you. Include anything you wish to explore further from this session and anything not covered by the Objectives.

The Action Plan should be brief and practicable. It should be used at the end of each Follow Up, and always include something that you can do – some research, a pilot activity, a departmental discussion etc.

1.56 ‐1.58

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This is a taster of titles available in follow‐up resources (available on the ALL Connect blog) 

1.58‐1.59

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1.59‐2.00

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‐2.00

Please explore the Follow‐up activities on the ALL Connect blog https://allconnectblog.wordpress.com/category/ks3‐spontaneous‐speaking/

and follow the link to the ALL Speaking wiki 

http://all‐speaking.wikidot.com/