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Saving lives through accident research!
Kolkata City Fatal Accident Study(April 2016 – March 2017)
Submitted to
Deputy Commissioner of Police (Traffic), Kolkata City
18 April, 2017
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 1
Saving lives through accident research!
Overview
• JPRI Accident Response Process
• Notifications by Traffic Control Room
• Fatal accidents examined by JPRI
• Causal and Contributing Factors
• Factors affecting accidents
• Factors affecting injuries
• Conclusions
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 2
Saving lives through accident research!
JPRI Accident Response Process
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 3
Notification Phase
• Traffic Control Room calls and notifies about the fatal accident
Response phase
• JPRI team leaves office for the accident location.
Investigation Phase
• JPRI team arrives at the accident spot and checks for accident details and examines available vehicles and scene to have a complete picture of the accident.
Analysis phase
• All investigated cases (Excluding no information cases) are considered for analysis.
Saving lives through accident research!
Notifications by traffic control room
• Status as on 31st March 2017:
• Total number of notifications : 246
• Number of cases investigated by JPRI : 148
• Number of cases not investigated by JPRI : 98
• Lack of crash scene evidence : 46
• Hit and run : 36
• Late reported : 12
• Lack of vehicles : 4
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 4
Note: The above status is based on accident notifications received between Apr’ 2016 to Mar’ 2017.
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Distribution of fatal accidents by time zone
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 5
00:00 to 05:5958
23%
06:00 to 11:5964
26%12:00 to 17:59
5121%
18:00 to 23:5973
30%
Fatal accident by time zones are almost evenly distributed.
Number of accidents notified: 246
Saving lives through accident research!
Percentage distribution of vehicles and pedestrians involved
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 6
Pedestrians, M2Ws, buses and trucks constitute 80% of road users involved in fatal accidents.
Number of road users: 462
30
1917
14
8 8
2 2
0
50
Pedestrian M2W Bus Truck Car UnknownVehicle
Autorickshaw
Bicyclist
%
Road User Type
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Percentage distribution of vehicle and pedestrian fatalities
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 7
50
30
7 4 4 4 10
100
Pedestrian M2W Bus Car Truck Bicyclist M3W
%
Road User Type
Pedestrians, M2Ws, bus occupants and bicyclists constitute 91% of fatal road users types
Number of fatal road users : 258
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Fatal accident locations
Fatal accidents plotted: 246
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 8
Saving lives through accident research!
Causal and Contributing Factors
Road traffic accidents andinjuries are primarilyinfluenced by three mainfactors :
• Human
• Vehicle
• Infrastructure
Each of these factors caninfluence an accident orinjury causationindependently…
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 9
Human
InfrastructureVehicle
Saving lives through accident research!
Causal and Contributing Factors
… or as a combination.
For e.g.
Human and Vehicle factors,Human and Infrastructurefactors, Vehicle andInfrastructure factors, or allthree together.
This aims to determine thevarious factors influencingfatal city accidents and thesubsequent injuries.
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 10
Human
InfrastructureVehicle
h-v h-i
v-i
h-v-i
Saving lives through accident research!
Contributing Factors for Accidents
The 148 accidents examinedhave been distributed by theircontributing factor(s) and shownin the figure alongside.
The numbers in the figure arepercentage of the total numberof accidents examined.
Hence, the influence of eachfactor for causation of accidentsis:
Human : 95%
Vehicle : 26%
Infrastructure : 98%
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 11
2%
3%0%
0% 69%
2%
24%
Human (95%)
Vehicle (26%) Infrastructure (98%)
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Human Factors Influencing Accidents
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 12
Number of accidents: 148Other factors consists of all the remaining human factors which have individually influenced the accident by less then 4%.
Conditions No. of Accidents % InfluencedExcessive speeding for conditions(11 Cars, 9 Trucks, 10 M2Ws, 8 Buses)
45 30%
Driver Inattention( 3 M2W, 5 Cars, 8 Buses, 9 Trucks, 7 Unknown vehicles,
1 bicyclist)41 28%
Pedestrian dangerous behavior on roadway (23 Pedestrians)
27 18%
Pedestrian Inattention(10 Pedestrians)
14 9%
Improper lane change/lane usage(6 M2Ws, 1 Bus, 1 M3W)
6 6%
Violation of right of way(3 M2Ws, 2 Cars, 1 M3W, 1 Truck)
7 5%
Overtaking on left side of vehicle(5 M2Ws, 1 Bus, 1 Truck)
7 5%
Turning suddenly or without indication(5 M2Ws, 1M3W)
6 4%
Speeding – speed limit unknown(3 Cars, 2 Buses, 1 M3W)
6 4%
Other factors 41 28%
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Vehicle Factors Influencing Accidents
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 13
Conditions No. of Accidents % Influenced
Vision obstruction due to vehicle interiors(11 Buses, 9 Trucks, 2 Cars)
22 15%
No operational doors(11 Buses)
11 7%
Overloading – people(5 M2Ws, 2 Bicycles)
7 5%
Number of accidents: 148
Saving lives through accident research!
Infrastructure Factors Influencing Accidents
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 14
Conditions No. of Accidents % Influenced
Poor road marking/signage (38 Buses, 38 M2Ws, 25 Trucks, 28 Cars, 5 M3Ws, 10 Unknown vehicles, 4
bicyclist)148 100%
Poor pedestrian infrastructure – Crossing (32 Pedestrians)
32 22%
Undivided road(2 M2W, 1 M3W, 2 Car, 3 Truck, 2 Bicyclist) 10 7%
Vision obstruction due to manmade objects(4 Trucks, 2 M2Ws, 1 M3W, 1 Car, 1 Pedestrian)
9 6%
Poor bus stop facilities(7 Buses, 2 Pedestrians)
9 6%
Other factors, each contributing less than 3% 37 25%
Number of accidents: 148
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Contributing Factors for Injury
The 148 accidents resulting intofatal injuries examined havebeen distributed by theircontributing factor(s) and shownin the figure alongside.
The numbers in the figure arepercentage of the total numberof accidents examined whichresulted into fatal injuries.
Hence, the influence of eachfactor for causation of injury is:
Human : 42%
Vehicle : 95%
Infrastructure : 17%
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 15
1%
1%54%
28% 3%
3%
10%
Human (42%)
Vehicle (95%) Infrastructure (17%)
Saving lives through accident research!
Human Factors Influencing Injury
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 16
Conditions No. of Accidents % Influenced
Helmet not used(42 M2Ws, 5 Bicyclists)
47 32%
Seat belt not used(7 Cars, 4 Trucks)
11 7%
Occupants in cargo area(2 Trucks)
2 1%
Overloading of occupants(2 M2Ws)
2 1%
Number of accidents: 148
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Vehicle Factors Influencing Injury
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 17
Conditions No. of Accidents % Influenced
Knock-down(28 M2Ws, 39 Pedestrian, 2 Buses, 1
M3W, 1 Car, 1 Truck, 3 bicyclist)75 51%
Run over (23 Pedestrians, 15 M2Ws,
11 Bus occupants, 2 Bicyclist, 2 Trucks)
5336%
Fall down(11 M2Ws, 2 Bus occupant fall)
13 9%
Ejection(1 Car, 2 Truck, 2 M3W)
5 3%
Seatbelt not available(2 Cars, 2 Buses, 1 M3W)
5 3%
Passenger compartment intrusion(3 Cars)
3 2%
Number of accidents: 148
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Infrastructure Factors Influencing Injury
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 18
Conditions No. of Accidents % Influenced
Object impact - Road side/Manmade structures
(8 Cars, 6 M2Ws, 1 M3W, 2 Buses, 1 Truck, 1 Pedestrian)
19 13%
Object impact - road side -trees/plantation
(4 M2Ws)
4 3%
Object impact - on roadway(1 M2W)
1 1%
Number of accidents: 148
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Conclusions
• Fatal accident by time zones are almost evenly distributed.
• Pedestrians, M2Ws, buses and trucks constitute 80% of road users involved in
fatal accidents.
• Pedestrians, M2Ws, bus occupants and bicyclists constitute 91% of fatal road
user types.
• Fatal accidents in Kolkata are widely spread.
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 19
Note: The above conclusions are based on crashes investigated between Apr’ 2016 to Mar’ 2017.
Saving lives through accident research!
Conclusions – Top 3 Factors (Accident)
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 20
Human (95%)
Driver Inattention(30%)
Excessive speeding for conditions (28%)
Pedestrian dangerous behavior on roadway
(18%)
Vehicle (26%)
Vision obstruction due to vehicle interiors (15%)
No operational doors (7%)
Overloading – people (5%)
Infrastructure (98%)
Poor road marking/signage(100%)
Poor pedestrian infrastructure –Crossing (22%)
Poor bus stop facilities (6%)
Note: The above conclusions are based on crashes investigated between Apr’ 2016 to Mar’ 2017.
Saving lives through accident research!
Conclusions – Top 3 Factors (Injury)
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 21
Human (42%)
Helmet not used (32%)
Seat belt not used (7%)
Occupants in cargo area (1%)
Vehicle (95%)
Knock-down (51%)
Run over (36%)
Fall-down (9%)
Infrastructure (17%)
Object impact - Road side/Manmade structures (13%)
Object impact - road side -trees/plantation (3%)
Object impact - on roadway (1%)
Note: The above conclusions are based on crashes investigated between Apr’ 2016 to Mar’ 2017.
Saving lives through accident research!
Thank You!
18 April 2017 Kolkata city fatal accident study 22
We look forward to your continued support in this joint initiative towards a safer roads in Kolkata city.