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Acetylene and oxygen – the classic

combination

Gases for the chemical industry

Flame processes

Acetylene as a valuable

synthesis component

Well regeneration with CO2

More efficient,less pollution

Anniversary

Linde’s first decadein Leuna

Magazine for Customers and Business Associates

Linde AG Linde Gas Division

No. 2/2001

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EditorialFocused expertiseLinde is a powerful partner in on-sitesupply of gases 3

Cover Acetylene and oxygen – the classiccombination

Approved uses of gases in flame

processes 4

ApplicationIncreasing output from water wellsEnvironmentally friendly well cleaning

with carbon dioxide 8

Update Acetylene deliveredto your doorstep

Acetylene as feedstock forchemical synthesis 10

News & Trends 11

Publisher 16

Linde Events 16

Carbon dioxide –

the clean alternative

New process for well cleaningfeatures several advantages

Acetylene for specialty

chemicals production

Availability of dedicatedsupply concepts

10 years of Linde in Leuna

Now our largest gasesproduction center

worldwide

8

12

4Proven flame processes

Acetylene & Co. stillindispensable in

metalworking

10

In this issue

Cover:Multi-flame oxyacetylene torch

with water cooling jacket usedfor flame straightening in ship-building.

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The on-site supply of gases to high-tonnage users is made by

pipeline from production units located close to the customer's

premises. For over ten years running we have marked up

double-digit growth rates in on-site

business with oxygen, nitrogen and

hydrogen. Prospects for this con-

tinuing at a high level are excellent.

Many gases users invested in production plants of their own

in the past, but most of them now leave this part of the pro-

cess to the specialists. And they are well advised to do so. As

a specialized supplier of industrial gases, we are able to achievesynergies. This means that we can often serve several large-

volume users and the regional market as well from a strategic-

ally located plant. Coupled with our vast experience from a

multitude of such facilities worldwide, this allows us to mini-

mize costs besides maximizing production availability and

reliability.

As a means of augmenting our strengths in future,the two previously separate businesses of

Linde AG, Industrial Gases and Engineering

& Contracting, were recently integrated into

a single business segment. This will make

possible further optimization of the entire

on-site process chain from development and

standardization through marketing and con-

struction to operation and maintenance of theplants. It is this kind of added value for customers that

shores up our leading position in on-site gases business.

3Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001

On-site supply:

Focused expertise

Editorial

“Customers stand to

profit heavily from the

amalgamation of Linde's

know-how in the areas

of industrial gases and

plant engineering, pooling

unique expertise in the

gases business in fields

such as hydrogen supply.”

Dr. Rainer Schlicher,

head of On-Site Business Unit

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4 Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001

Proven flame processesCover

Franz-Clemens Plebuch and Johann Stocker*

Acetylene and oxygen –

the classic combination Advantageous steel cutting

Flame cutting is used with preference

on non-alloyed and low-alloy steelplate in thicknesses from 3 to 300 mm

using standard torches and from300 to 2000 mm using high-perfor-

mance torches. It produces cuts of excellent quality and is optimal interms of economy. Actual cutting isaccomplished by a high-pressurejet of pure oxygen after first heatingthe material to ignition temperature(between 1150 and 1350

oC depend-

As before, flame processes – and

particularly those working with

the gases acetylene and oxygen

– play an indispensable part in

the metalworking industry. The

scope of such processes includes

gas welding, flame cutting, flame brazing, flame heating, flame

straightening, flame cleaning and

flame spraying. Linde’s range of

products for these processes

covers combustion and fuel gases,

gas supply systems, torch equip-

ment and safety concepts.

The present article takes a closer

look at the flame processes of

cutting, heating and straighten-

ing using standard and special

torches.

Comprehensive

acetylene supply

concept

Facilities designed to supply acety-lene at individually required pres-sure and flow rates are essential forflame process applications.

Linde has a matching acetylenesupply concept for every flameprocess: from single cylinders forsmall-volume users through coupled

cylinders or cylinder batteries tobulk supply by trailer truck.This enables gas supply to beoptimized – in technical andeconomic terms – for customers’every requirement. An exten-sive range of Linde-developedperipheral equipment, valvesand fittings continuously up-graded to comply with thelatest safety regulations and

EU Directives is also available.

Typical acetylene

supply setup with

bulk trailer and pres-

sure regulating sta-

tion (LINDOMATIK ®

)

at customer’s site.

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“Acetylene is the very

heart of gas flame

processes.”

Franz-Clemens Plebuch

(photo) and Johann Stocker,

both Market Development/

Manufacturing Industry

*With contributions by

Heiner Jansen, Hamburg,

and Bernhard Volz, Unter-

schleissheim


ing on the type of steel) with ahigh-energy oxygen/fuel gas flame.Intensity of the preheat flame must

be matched to the desired cuttingspeed by appropriate design of thecutting torch tip.

Services to enhance economics

Economy in cutting steel plate by gas torch is governed by designand quality of the torch tip, whichmust allow maximum speed of cutting, and above all by correctselection of the fuel gas (e.g. acety-lene, ethene or propane). Amongother important aspects requiringattention are gas supply pressures,cutting tip spacing, starting cut po-sition and the sequence of operations

in hole cutting. Together with thegases and the equipment and tech-nology, Linde provides an extensive

range of services to support custom-ers both by assistance in setting theprocess parameters and by detailedprofitability assessments.

continued on page 6

Flame cutting at the

lift truck works of

Still in Hamburg,

Germany: Use of

multiple cutting

torches helps to

lower the unit cost.

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continued from page 5

As an example we produce individ-ual cost analyses for user companiesbased on thickness of material tobe cut, cost rates involved and ratioof internal working to finishedproduct.

Well trained personnel being anadditional factor in economic flamecutting, we have included on-siteoperator training in the range of service available to customers.

Growing interest in flame

heating and flame straightening

Application of flame heating pro-cesses is on the rise. There is in-

creasing need for heat treatment of high-tensile steels preliminary and/or subsequent to flame cutting and

welding operations. Drying platesbefore they are stamped with iden-tification markings, blast cleaned or

welded is a typical flame processapplication, as is local heating of material for hot-work bending andnecking.

Acetylene’s well known advantages

of maximum flame temperatureand primary flame intensity as wellas low oxygen consumption, makeit the ideal gas for flame heatingapplications. Mechanized preheating

is preferably carried out with anacetylene and compressed air flame.

Flame straightening is employed by almost every metalworking company

to correct distortion of weldedassemblies or warping of semiprod-ucts and processed parts. Heatingto straightening temperature whilecontrolling expansion of the materialcauses it to contract when the heat

is removed, resulting in economicalstraightening of the part withoutimposing undue stress on the ma-terial. Here again, the oxyacetyleneflame proves advantageous by reason of its quick heat input andflexibility.

LINDOFLAMM®

– the right torch

for every application

Special-design torches are adopted

in flame processes such as heating,straightening and brazing when theperformance of standard types isinadequate, the workpiece neces-sitates a special design of torch or

ODORO X ® – O x ygen

wi th buil t-in sa fe t y

The ris ks of wor king wi t h o x ygen are

compo unded b y i t being an odor less

gas. W hen we lding or perf orming

o t her opera tions wi t h o x ygen s uc h as

brazing, f lame hea ting, f lame s traig h t-

ening, f lame c u t ting, e tc., acc um u la-

tion of o x ygen in concen tra tions t ha t

wi l l promo te igni tion ma y acc um u la te

unno ticed in conf ined spaces d ue to

lea kage or improper wor king, ca using

a hazard to persons and proper t y.

O DO R O X ®

is a ne w de ve lopmen t b y

Linde to ma ke hand ling and wor king

wi t h o x ygen saf er. T he inno va tion con-

sis ts in adding a sma l l amo un t (10 ppm )

of dime t h y l s u lf ide ( DMS ), a s u bs tance

t ha t has a percep ti b le odor, to t he gas.

B y i ts dis tinc ti ve sme l l a lone, no t need-

ing an y kind of ana l yzer or me ter, DMS

q uic k l y and re lia b l y a ler ts t he occ upan ts

of an area to t he presence of an y haz-

ardo us le ve l of o x ygen. Odorized o x y-

gen is de tec ta b le in concen tra tions of

less t han one percen t. O DO R O X ® t h us

signif ican t l y en hances saf e t y in t he

wor kp lace and red uces f ire ris k.

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the distinctive properties of acety-lene as a fuel gas are to be utilizedto the full.

Linde has a separate department toadvise and support customers insolving flame process problemsthrough demonstrations, pilot testsand production of special torchesprecisely tailored to the job in hand.Development work in regard to

safety and functionality is ongoing,the trend clearly pointing in thedirection of mechanization andautomation. ❏


Versatility demon-

strated: Flame heat-

ing using special

burners working with

acetylene and com-

pressed air prior to

heat shrinking of

sleeves at WMP,

Wismar, Germany.

Heating wedge-

shaped sections

with LINDOFLAMM®

oxyacetylene

torches in flame

straightening of

heavy-gauge plate

for papermaking

machinery.

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Environmentally friendly well cleaning with CO2

Increasing output from

water wellsRoland Jüttner

Application

“Try us and our CO2cleaning

process to lastingly improve

well capacity.”

Roland Jüttner, Nuremberg Sales

Center, Applications


Injection of CO2

The novelty of the process forGerman clients consists in the CO2

cleaning agent being injected intothe well through a lance after firstsealing off the top of the well. First,

CO2 gas is introduced to displace water from the casing and filter gravel

pack to the extent possible. Then

cryogenic liquid CO2 is injected. After waiting several hours for the freez-ing and evaporation action to takeplace, liquid CO2 is reinjected at vari-ous depths of the well.

O ver time, the flow from wellsdeveloped to extract drinking

water may decline. Frequentand common use is made of mech-anical and/or chemical methods toclean and regenerate the wells inorder to combat loss of production

and restore their capacity.

There is however an alternative tothese methods. In the summer of 2000, liquid carbon dioxide (CO2)

was successfully applied for the firsttime as a well regenerant in Germany.

Because output from two wellsoperated by EWAG (Energie- und

Wasserversorgung AG) in Nuremberg

had deteriorated during recent years despite regular mechanical

cleaning, the utility company accepted the offer of Linde Gas to

have them cleaned with CO2. Thecore of this treatment process is toeliminate deposits of difficultysoluble iron and manganese com-pounds resulting from chemicaland/or biological reactions in the

well itself and the immediate intakearea by the specific properties of carbon dioxide.

The project was undertaken incooperation with our Dutch sub-sidiary Hoek Loos, which hassuccessfully been engaged in thistype of well rehabilitation in otherEuropean countries for several years.

Distinct benefits

CO2 regeneration carried out by Linde Gas at EWAG resulted in sig-nificant improvement of the wells’capacity. By comparison with othertreatment processes such as chem-ical regeneration with hydrochloricacid, water flow from the wells wasincreased at a higher rate. Cleaningaction also penetrates to greaterdepths than comparable chemical

processes.

CO2has a mainl y

mechanical ac tion

T he c leaning ef f ec t of car bon dio x-

ide in wa ter we l l regenera tion

deri ves large l y f rom t he f o l lo wing

f ac tors and processes:

Mec hanica l de tac hmen t of incr us-

ta tions d ue to t he cr yogenic CO2

in trod uced a t press ure ca using

f reezing of t he h ydra ted wa ter

a t tac hed wi t hin t he incr us ta tion

s tr uc t ures and bo und be t ween

t he f i l ter par tic les and incr us ta-

tions. T he res u l ting e xpansion of

vo l ume leads to t he incr us ta tions

being loosened and f ina l l y sp li t-

ting of f .

T ur b u lence prod uced as a res u l t

of vaporiza tion of t he CO2 s up-

por ts t he mec hanica l ac tion of

f reezing.

Wea k l y acidic na t ure of t he

h ydra ted disso l ved CO2

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9

The diagram tracks

the time-dependent

performance of an

EWAG water well.

As shown at the right

edge, CO2 regenera-

tion restored capacity

in short time to what

it was in 1977.

In sum, the leading benefits of well regeneration by CO2 are:

Greater improvement of well

production than with comparable

chemical treatment processes

(which is also due to deeper pene-

tration of the CO2 into the annu-

lar space and to the casing wall).

Exclusively environmentally com-

patible substances are introduced

into the well (and thus also into

the groundwater).

As a result, no permit is requiredfrom water resources authorities

for application of the process.

The two projects completed for EWAG

and additional contracts received

from well operators in the meantime

are grounds for confidently expec-

ting a sizable new market segment

to emerge for CO2 in this service

sector in the near future.

❏

Linde – K NOWHOW 2/2001

At the scene of theaction. In the left

foreground is the well

cover together with

the tripod and CO2

lance; right of it the

CO2 liquid/gas mixing

valve. In the back-

ground at the right is

the liquid CO2 tanker

and the supply hoses.

Technicians from

Hoek Loos and Linde

Gas teamed up for this

project in the summer

of 2000.

S p e c i f i c c a p a c i t y ( l / s m )

CO2regenera tion

Time

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10

Acetylene delivered

to your doorstep

Acetylene for chemical synthesisUpdate

Although it has been replacedalmost entirely by ethylene asa precursor in the chemical

industry, acetylene still plays animportant part as a valuable synthe-sis component in the manufactureof specialty and fine chemicals. This

is due to its high but well control-lable reactivity. Acetylene is a sub-stance that makes possible a wholenumber of reactions in organicchemistry.

Utilization of this broad potential inorganic chemical synthesis gainsacetylene industrial application forexample in the manufacture of vita-mins, fragrances, fluxes for the con-struction industry, and antifoam and

wetting agents.

Letting you concentrate on your

core business

Frequently the quantities of acety-lene required for chemical synthesisin the specialty chemicals sectorare too small to justify the expenseof producing the gas on site. When-ever this is the case, the volumeneeded can be obtained by delivery in cylinders, cylinder batteries or bulk

trailers from an external supplier.This brings up the problem of thetypical impurities present in “normal”acetylene, originating from its method

of production and the type of absorbent contained in the cylin-ders. Linde offers several options

in these respects, enabling thenecessary purity of the acety-lene to be matched exactly to

the particular synthesis

process and product by appropri-ate selection and combination.This is another part of the job thatis preferably left to an experiencedgases supplier. Acetylene users inindustry are better served by con-centrating on their core competen-

cies and business.

Customized supply

Once a prospective customer electsto outsource delivery of acetyleneto Linde, we undertake thoroughanalysis of their requirements toestablish the parameters, above allthe usage volume, the specifiedpurity and reliability of supply. Thisenables us to map out an individual

concept that also takes all industrialsafety requirements into account.Then we proceed with customizedplanning, production and installation

of the necessary facilities on site,the key item of which is a pressureregulating station. Actual supply of the gas is made in exchangeable,returnable containers, for examplebulk tanker trailers. (See also box,page 4)

Dr. Bernhard Schreiner

“As specialists in industrial

gases, we are your partner of

choice also in customized

supply of acetylene.”

Dr. Bernhard Schreiner,

Market Development/

Chemical Industry

Production, filling, transporting andreadying of acetylene in on-sitesupply systems is a line of work that

we have handled professionally for

several decades. The same is true of the various applications for this gasin flame processes. With this back-ground of comprehensive experience

and proven expertise, Linde qualifiesas the industry’s partner of choice

when it comes to chemical synthesis.❏


Extensive demand

exists throughout the

chemical industry for

acetylene with a spe-

cial purity as a synthe-

sis component.

Photograph courtesy

Bayer AG

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Results of the project impressively confirm that there should now be norestrictions on application of TIG/MIG

welding to join the advantageous

light weight structural materialmagnesium in volume productionoperations, e.g. in the automotiveindustry.

11

Green light forquantity production

Linde Gas was involved in oneof the subprojects covered by the MADICA program sponsored

by the German Ministry of Educationand Research to develop safe pro-duction processes for working andfabrication of magnesium. Our task

was to make the TIG (Tungsten

Inert Gas) and MIG (Metal InertGas) joining processes industrially available for welding magnesiumdie castings. The results of our inves-

tigations, conducted at our Applica-

tions Engineering Center in Unter-schleissheim near Munich, areexceedingly promising.

Good welding results

Screw fasteners were previously the

state of the art for joining die-castparts of magnesium, a material thathas high potential. Tests conductedby us have however demonstratedTIG welding to be well manageableunder production conditions and toproduce good joints provided thecastings are low in hydrogen. Thisis true also of MIG welding, whereit has been possible to optimize theprocess by using high and short

current pulses.

Process optimization in welding magnesium

A low hydrogen content of the basemetal is definitely essential for good

welding results. To achieve this, Linde

has developed two methods: Eitherthe material is subjected to specialheat treatment (hydrogen-free anneal-ing) prior to welding or the Linde-developed Carboflam

®hydrogen-free

parting agent is substituted for hydro-

carbon-containing types in diecasting.

Weld in die-cast magnesium

before (a) and after (b) heat treat-

ing the work. Porosity resulting

from the high hydrogen content

without prior heat treatment does

not occur in (b).

Photomicrograph showing the

high quality of an argon TIG weldon a die-cast magnesium sample.


a

b

Quite a bit of magnesium goes into

the production of modern cars such

as Volkswagen’s energy-savingLupo 3L TDI subcompact.

Photograph courtesy Volkswagen AG

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Anniversary: 10 years of Linde Gas in Leuna

Linde followedGerman reunification

There is no question that theLeuna site in the state of Saxony-

Anhalt has become the focusof our successful commitment ingases business in the eastern partof Germany following the country’sreunification in 1990. Linde wasquick to initiate talks in March 1990

with the then “VEB Leuna-Werke”on cooperation in the field of indus-trial gases. In December of that year,the negotiations led to a contractbeing signed for construction of modern production facilities at thetraditional location in Leuna.

12

Work there finally got underway in1991 – exactly ten years ago – withtakeover of the existing air separa-tion plants and building of a new one.

Part of a vast “Chemical Delta”

During the first three and a half years, we also installed a specialty gases center, a filling plant, acety-lene plant, a repair shop and a distri-bution center for customers in east-

ern Germany.

After that, things really startedmoving. In 1994 Linde took chargeof complete hydrogen supply tothe chemical plants and refineriesgrouped around Leuna from thenew steam reformer completed that

year. Also in 1994, we contracted tosupply gases to the chemical indus-try park at Bitterfeld and acquiredthe pipelines linking Leuna and

Bitterfeld. Since 1996 Linde has beenoperating an air separation plantinstalled at Dow Chemical inSchkopau to supply this subsidiary of the U.S. chemical concern withatmospheric gases. By doing so,reliability of the supply base washeightened for the Leuna andSchkopau sites, similarly linked by pipeline, and beyond that for theProminent visitors on opening day of our new

Leuna Gases Center in September 1994:

State governor of Saxony-Anhalt,

Dr. Reinhard Höppner (second from left),and Leuna mayor Dr. Dietlind Hagenau in

conversation with Dr. Hans Meinhardt, then

chairman of the Executive Board of Linde AG

(right), and Dr. Gunnar Eggendorfer, then

member of the Executive Board of Linde

AG (left).

Hydrogen for

Radici Chimica

In August 2001 Linde concluded a long-

term supply contract with the Italian

chemicals group Radici Chimica of

Bergamo valued at a total of roughly

80 million euro. Under the terms of

the agreement, Linde will deliver up

to 6,000 Nm3/h of hydrogen as well as

nitrogen and compressed air via pipe-line from Leuna to Radici Chimica’s

new plant at Zeitz over 30 kilometres

due south.

In connection with this project Lindeis spending about 40 million euro onfurther expansion of gases supply inthe east German “Chemical Delta”between Leuna, Böhlen and Bitterfeld.The fourth hydrogen plant is currently under construction at Leuna, due tobe ready for operation by the end of 2002. This will bring our total hydro-gen production capacity in the Leunaarea to 140,000 Nm3/h.

At the same time we are extendingthe supply pipeline from Leuna tohook up the chemical industry site atZeitz.

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Significantly longerfuel storage due to

“refrigerator effect”“Evaporation losses after a relatively short time.” That was hitherto thesobering verdict on liquid hydrogen(LH2) stored in cryogenic tanks.Not any longer. An innovation intro-duced by Linde enables these vehi-

cles to stand idle four times longer without any of the liquid hydrogen

(LH2) in the tank being lost. If the vehicle is operated normally, lossesare eliminated almost entirely.

An insulated LH2 fuel tank largely prevents heat leakage into its con-tents (liquid hydrogen at a tempera-ture of -253

oC) rather like a vacuum

bottle keeps cold beverages cold. Intime, however, the contents warm upsufficiently to cause pressure to risein the tank. If the vehicle stands idlefor an extended period, this pressure

rise will reach a critical level afterabout three days, resulting in boil-off

or evaporation of the hydrogen.

Efficient cooling system

Fuel losses due to such boil-off can now be effectively minimized.

With a special cooling systemdeveloped by Linde, the time the

vehicle can remain parked andidle before boil-off occurs isextended to more than 12 days.The system works as follows: LH2

first needs to be vaporized in aheat exchanger before it is fed to

the engine. This is accomplishedby a flow of ambient air, whichitself is dried and cooled sufficiently

Liquid hydrogen vehicles

Leuna-Buna-Bitterfeld “ChemicalIndustry Delta”. Another high-capacity hydrogen plant was builtin 1997 for the MIDER oil refinery in Leuna’s neighboring community of Spergau.

Not forgetting rehabilitation, modern-ization and expansion of the pipeline

grid, now totalling 500 kilometres inlength, an efficient logistics base wasestablished for road and rail transport

with a fleet of tanker trucks, trailersand tank cars.

In addition to products such asoxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen,acetylene and others, carbon mon-oxide and carbon dioxide deservemention. Production facilities forthese gases went on stream between1997 and 1998.

Linde Group’s biggest gases

center

To date Linde has invested over500 million euro in Leuna and thesurrounding “Chemical Delta”,creating more than 300 secure jobs.In the space of a few years, whileprevailing over international com-petition to become the foremostproducer and supplier of industrialgases in eastern Germany, we havebuilt up the biggest gases center of

the worldwide Linde Group. Still,this is not the end of the road. Capitalof close to 40 million euro is currently

being invested at this central site infurther expansion (see box, page 12).

Symbols of our large-

scale commitment in

Leuna: Pipelines

supplying gases tohigh-volume custom-

ers and, colored white

to the right rear, the

Linde hydrogen plant

on the MIDER oil

refinery’s premises.

by the LH2 as to be liquefied. Thislow-temperature liquid air (-191°C)passes through a cooling jacketenclosing the inner tank and actinglike a refrigerator. As a result, unwan-

ted heat input is delayed much longer

and the energy contained in the

liquid hydrogen is utilized effectively rather than being wasted by evapo-ration. The cooling system does not

add to the size of the LH2 tank, as itintegrates within the insulation space

between the inner and outer vessel.

Schematic illustration of the new LH2 fuel

tank cooling system. Liquid air flows through

the auxiliary cooling shield, improving ther-

mal insulation of the inner tank.

Outer Vessel

Shield

Inner Vessel

Heat Exchanger

Air

Dry AirLiquid Air

Hydrogen


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Linde demonstrates

cold gas sprayingLinde was again present in more

ways than one at this year’sInternational Thermal Spraying Con-ference (ITSC), which was held atthe end of May in Singapore, thefirst time an Asian venue had beenchosen. As co-organizers of theannual event we had presenters par-ticipating in the conference properas well as an information stand atthe concurrent exhibition. The lead

International Thermal Spraying Conference 2001

Stepping up oxygensupply for Thyssen-

Krupp steel millSince May 2001, the number of airseparation units (ASU) operated by Linde to supply Thyssen-KruppStahl AG (TKS) with oxygen for itsblast furnaces and steelworks inDuisburg-Ruhrort, Germany, under a

long-term contract has increased tofour. ASU 10, the newest productionunit to be put on stream, on its ownmeets about a third of the customer’sdemand at the site with its capacity of 45,000 Nm3/h of non-pressureoxygen. Three other Linde ASUs built

earlier accommodate the remainingoxygen needs of our largest Germancustomer served by pipeline up toa total of 139,000 Nm3/h.

With the addition of the fourth unit,this is the biggest oxygen productionfacility in Germany altogether. It isused to supply the regional atmos-pheric gases market as well as TKSitself.

theme of our exhibit this year wascold gas spraying.

Supported by our German cooper-ation partner CGT GmbH, we re-ceived numerous interested visitorsto discuss this new thermal sprayingprocess. Embodying the current tech-nological trend, it is characterizedby higher particle velocities coupled

with reduced particle temperaturedue to working without a flame. Theparticle velocity is attained by astream of hot inert gas. The benefits

to users are greater density of coatingand avoidance of material oxidation.

These will be complemented bya number of liquid products andspecialties such as liquid oxygen inLI-PUR

®-grade (6.0).

ASU 10, the latest addition to the air sepa-

ration facilities at the Duisburg site.

Members of Thyssen-Krupp Stahl and

Linde Gas executive and operating manage-

ment gathered for the ceremony marking

dedication of the plant in May 2001.

Staff manning the Linde stand could not

complain of any lack of interest. In the

course of the exhibitions three-day duration

we counted no less than 194 separate talks

with visiting professionals.

Cooperation between TKS (formerly Thyssen) and Linde in air separationat this site has a successful recordgoing back nearly 50 years. In thislong history Linde has installed ten

ASUs in all for the customer. Arrange-

ments for comprehensive supply of atmospheric gases to TKS have beenin effect since 1998.

Apart from oxygen production, the

new ASU 10 is the first plant inGermany equipped to manufacturethe rare gases krypton and xenonin highly concentrated form as anadjunct to our product range.

Dedication of high-tonnage air separation unit in Duisburg

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Linde was appointed project leaderfor the test while the gas wasobtained from several suppliers.The purpose of the test is to practicehelium filling of the ultimate CL 160airship. For the constructor Cargo-Lifter, cooperation with Linde as aleading helium specialist has its

value above all because optimizedexchange of helium for air in thehull makes the lift gas filling opera-

World’s record of100.000 m

3helium

A major milestone in developmentof the gargantuan-like CargoLifterCL 160 freight airship to commercialmaturity was passed in July 2001.For the first time the much smallerbut still quite impressive test and

working version of the CL 160, the

spherical CL 75 Aircrane captiveballoon measuring 61 metresacross, was inflated with 100,000cubic metres of the lift gas helium.This was a demonstration on thepart of the German manufacturer of the two aerial vehicles and Lindegas customer, CargoLifter AG, toshow perfect as-planned function-ing of the stratified helium fillingoperation that is a core element of the assembly concept. At the sametime a new world’s record was set.

Never before has an airship or bal-loon been filled with a volume of helium this big.

CL 75 Aircrane transport balloonLinde: Award from AMD

tion appreciably more economicalthan conventional methods. Now that this first test has been com-pleted successfully, loading andunloading of the CL 75 Aircrane,designed to carry a maximum pay-load of 75 tons, is no longer re-

stricted to computer simulationand can be carried out in the field.

Inside the CL 160 airship construction

hangar in Brand near Berlin, Germany, the

Linde helium trailer truck on the right is

dwarfed by the inflated hull of the CL 75 Aircrane “test version”.

Photograph courtesy CargoLifter AG

“World’s best gassupplier”

A few months ago we finally col-lected a distinctive honor bestowedon us last year. As part of its WorldClass Supplier Program, the U.S.semiconductor group AMD (Advanced

Micro Devices Inc.) presented Lindeits Spotlight Award for 2000 withthe citation of “World’s Best Gas

Supplier”. The program entailedassessment by AMD of all companies

supplying gases to its productionplants around the globe during the

year. Criteria considered in the evalu-ation process were technology,quality, cost, flexibility and service.Linde clearly outdistanced its com-petitors above all in flexibility andservice.

Linde serves AMD by supplying

specialty gases to the new Fab 30plant built by the semiconductormaker in Dresden, Germany, forproduction of microprocessors inmodern copper conductor technol-ogy. They include ammonia of 5.5purity for removal of nitrides andsynthetic air of 6.0 purity to purge

wafer steppers.

Literally “hewn in stone”, the Spotlight

Award was handed to Ralph Glinski (left),

head of Specialty Gases Sales Germany,

by Phil Rogers, head of AMD’s World Class

Supplier Team, on a very cordial note in

May 2001.

7/25/2019 KnowHow2 01 E


April 16-18

SEMICON Europa 200226th International Annual Exhi-bition of Semiconductor Products,Materials and Services in Europe,Munich, Germany

May 13-17

IFAT13th International Environment and

Waste Disposal Trade Fair, Munich,Germany

Below you will find a schedule of meetings and exhibitions during thenext several months. If you findone or the other of interest and canarrange a visit, we will be pleasedto meet you there.

March 4-6

ITSCInternational Thermal Spraying

Conference, Essen, Germany

April 8-12

TubeInternational Tube and Pipe TradeFair, Düsseldorf, Germany

Linde EventsCalendar through Spring 2002

Linde's stand at the last ITSC in Singapore. At the coming ITSC 2002 in Essen, we will

again be focusing on gas applications and

processes related to thermal spraying.

Publisher

Publisher Linde AGLinde Gas DivisionSeitnerstrasse 7082049 HöllriegelskreuthGermany

Editor Dr. Thomas Hagn (th)Phone +49-89-7446-1158

Fax +49-89-7446-1230E-Mail:[email protected]

Website www.lindegas.com

Designed by Becker Grafik Design, Munich

Printed by Thümmes,Bad Soden-Salmünster

Circulation 25.000 (5.000 copies Englishedition included)

Printed on chlorine-free oxygen-bleachedpaper.

Permission for reproducing this publication in

whole or part may be obtained from the editors.

Clean room of a microchip manufacturer.

High-purity industrial gases are required in

the production of microprocessors.

Specialty gases for the semiconductorindustry are accordingly at the center of

our SEMICON 2002 exhibit.

Photograph courtesy AMD

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