1861Knop: Knop’s solution, inorganic salt nutrition

1902 Haberlandt (Austria):

Cultivate isolated plant cells in vitro on an artificial

mediumConcept of “

Totipotency ”

1922 Kotte (student of Haberlandt):   Improve medium : sugar, Organic N-compounds

Father of Plant Tissue Culture

Plants can be separated into their component parts ( organs, tissues, or cells ), which can be manipulated in vitro and then grown back to complete plants.

1922Robbins (USA) : Root tip culture - Pisum , Zea , and Gossypium First success of culturing plant tissue in vitro1923 Robbins & Maneval: Maintained maize roots for 20 weeks with

the aid of subcultures1926 Went: Discovery of auxin1933 Kogl, Haagen-Smit & Erxleben :

Isolation of IAA (indo-3-acetic acid)

1932 Gautheret : Root tip & root fragment culture 1934 Gautheret: Cambium culture ( woody plant )   It can be maintained several months1937 Gautheret:

IAA promotes root growth  1939 Gautheret: Carrot explants develop to

undifferentiated mass (callus) and it  can be maintained by repeated subculture

Gautheret

1932 Root tip culture - Triticum

1934 Indefinite culture of isolated roots

Tomato - subculture / 7 days

1936 160 passages

Importance of vitamin B complex in root culture ( use yeast extract )

1939 Procambial tissue culture callus ( Nicotiana ) from small leaf and shoot

1942 Tumor culture callus without hormone  

White

1950 Steward: Carrot culture :

Quantitative analysis of culture growth

  Discovered embryogenesis in vitro 1955 Steward & Shantz (in

Cornell):   Carrot root phloem in liquid medium single cell suspension  1958 Whole plant  

＊ Prove the concept of totipotency

Steward

Carrot plants from root cells (Stewart, 1964)

 1952 Morel & Martin: First virus-free plant

through shoot tips culture

( Dahlia ) 1960 Shoot tip culture of

Cymbidium 

＊ Propagation many plants from one plant

1954 Muir, Hildebrandt & Riker (in Wisconsin) :   Suspension culture by reciprocal shaker ( Nicotiana )

Single cell clone by nurse cell culture method

1955 Miller and Skoog  

Discovery of kinetin (the first

cytokinin) Tobacco culture --->

bud formation

1957 Skoog & Miller :

  ＊ auxin / cytokinin balance  

in root or shoot formation  

high kinetin ---> shoot  

high auxin ---> root  

Auxin / Cytokinin balance

1956 Nickell (Chas, Pfizer & Co. N.Y.): Single cell suspension culture of Phaseolus

vulgaris 

＊ Idea of producing plant alkaloids from tissue culture

1960 Bergmenn : Plating culture   Nicotiana tobacum & Phaseolus vulgaris     Single cell suspension culture   --> plating in 0.6% agar medium, thin layer in petri dish   --> cell divided to form colony  

1957 Tulecke : Pollen culture of Ginkgo biloba  

1960 Cocking : (UK)

Enzymatic isolation and culture of protoplast

  

1962 Murashige & Skoog : Tobacco tissue culture

  Mineral media:

1. Macro element

2. Micro element included Fe

3. Vitamin

Micropropagation＊ Development of MS medium  

Tobacco plants from single cells(Vasil & Hilderbrandt, 1965)

1964 Guha & Maheshwari : (India)

Anther culture ---> haploid plant

  ( Datura )  

1968 Niizeki & Oono : (Japan)

Haploid plant of rice

＊ Started for plant breeding

＊ One pollen grain ---> one plant

 1971 Nagata & Takebe :

(Japan)

Plant regeneration from

tobacco protoplast

   

1972 Carlson :

Somatic hybrid plant

from protoplst fusion

  

Nicotiana glauca + N. langsdorffii

( 2n = 24 ) ( 2n = 18 )

Somatic hybrid  

(2n = 42 )  

1974: Zaenen (Ghent University, Belgium)Discovery of Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium

tumefaciens 1970-80s: Nester (USA), van Montago (Ghent Univ., Belgium)

Ti plasmid analysis1983: van Montago, Ghent University, Belgium)

First transgenic plant.1985: Monsanto (USA)

Leaf disk transformation method (Monsanto)

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