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KM/IC Language Games: researching intangibles through the prism of the business model. projects. levels of analysis homogeneity - sampling how do we fit people in ? methodological aesthetic. global societal sectoral industry strategic group community of practice firm - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 1
KM/IC Language Games:researching intangibles through the prism of the business model
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 2
projects
• levels of analysis
• homogeneity - sampling
• how do we fit people in ?
• methodological aesthetic
globalsocietalsectoralindustrystrategic groupcommunity of practicefirmproduction groupindividual…
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 3
anxieties around direction & control
1-Oct-2011
accounting, intangibles, book/marketpost-Crash - external asset & process visibilitypublic / private sector relationsshift to servicesglobalization, new competitioninternal asset & process visibility, ITasset / infrastructurespecificity / universalityhumanizing, ethics, emotion, socializing, CSR, sustainabilityrates of techno-change, impact on Kimpact of financial services on rest of economy
metricsanalyticsways of thinkinglanguage
beyond ‘asset’ - intangibles
beyond ‘rationality’ - emotion, bounded rationality, ethics
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 41-Oct-2011
tangiblemeasurable
intangiblenot measured
knownstrategic value ✔
no known strategic value
universe of things known to exist= resources
codification
valuation
beyond ‘assets’ - to intangibles
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 5
what about things not known to exist - yet ?
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 6
knowledge-absence & human agency
two contrasting but complementary aestheticsknowledge-presence - measuring, computing, rational deciding, rigorously determined (theory-based) practice
Knightian uncertainty or knowledge absence - creative (agentic) responding, bricolage, learning-by-doing
1-Oct-2011
measure-driven
agency-driven
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 7
what language/s for ‘beyond rationality’ ?
• la-la land, new wave, unstructured (natural) language …• complementarity with rigorous (formal) language• concept of ‘tool’• non-rivalrous resources, knowledge as non-rivalrous• choosing (synthesizing) vs choosing (rigorously)• ethical entailments
1-Oct-2011
measure-driven
agency-driven
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 8
spiral of knowing, learning & doing
1-Oct-2011
measuredriven
agencydriven
tool
artifact
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 9
types of knowing - and why KM
• episteme, techne, phronesis, metis, …• know-how, know-what, know-why, know-when,
know-feel, know-faith, etc….• explicit / tacit• logos, ethos, pathos• DIKW• know-ability of the universe• knowledge as entailment of knowledge-absence• substantiality• valuing skills, reputation, risks• knowledge and difference
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 10
OK - fancy enough, but how does this all work in business ?
1-Oct-2011
paradigm shift in research language - from causal
modeling to clarifying agency
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 111-Oct-2011
what is curious about these pictures ?
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 121-Oct-2011
before the ‘discovery’ of perspective
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 131-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 141-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 15
Leonardo da Vinci 1498
Perugino 1481
1-Oct-2011
the beginning of the Age of Science - Bacon (1600), Newton (1680)
new paradigm of objective understanding
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 161-Oct-2011
is this all we need to know about … ?
the way it looks - or the way it really is ?
measurement and ‘the real’
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 171-Oct-2011
are these simply ‘bad’ pictures ?
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 181-Oct-2011
• language is a human/social tool for specific purposes and contexts
• NO universal research tools
• framing the research question - crucial first step
• researching agency and its place in business is a different kind of problem
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 19
agency-oriented language ?
• potential rather than existence• agency NOT rigor• creativity / growth / innovation /
entrepreneurship - NOT allocation • non-rivalrous resources - ‘tools’• capital ?
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 20
data meanings
language/s
practices
values
1-Oct-2011
dynamic in-the-world concept of our ways of knowing - D, M, P, L + ‘values’
tacit K
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 21
relax & recap
• collision - synthesis of causal and agentic ways of knowing
• e.g. interplay of rivalrous and non-rivalrous resources (assets and potentials)
• intangibles are of two very different types - unmeasured assets (ICa) and unrealized potentials (ICp)
• how can we control these differing resources ?• unmeasured assets - simply do better, improve
accounting, e.g. churn rate• unrealized potentials - i.e. human agency• entrepreneurial imagination - vision• agentic activities of the people comprising
network that creates value
1-Oct-2011
measured unmeasured
causal asset - TCa ICa
agentic tool - TCp ICp
realized unrealized
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 22
decision making with TC & IC
• firm = sum (TC + ICa)• firm = product (TC*ICp)• Penrose, problematize resources• supplementary balance sheet might capture
some ICa - but NOT ICp• valuation - cost, market, income, ranking• valuation of combination only through
application in a specific context• capital ?
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 23
concept of ‘capital’• capital, land & labor• Fisher’s definition - hayrake, standing apart, carry forward• capital is always potential thus NOT an asset• value demands re-attachment, sale, application, use, consumption• transaction realizes value - in the real world is always contingent• capital needs agentic practice to realize any value• without this (e.g. a theory of the firm) capital is without value• does use increase or consume ?• capital’s value is contingent, indefinite, subject to ‘manipulation’• human, structural, relational, organizational, social, cultural, …• usury (appropriation of others’ agency)
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 24
supply (capitals) & demand (?)
1-Oct-2011
TCa ICa
TCp ICp
TCa ICa
TCp ICp
why ‘supply-side’ TC and IC only ?accounting ignores (?) created demand and expectations as assets -
inability to account for the costly creation of ‘economic rents’
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 25
towards managing agency & potentiality
• framing• constraining• agentic input• encouraging• preparing• learning• sustaining
1-Oct-2011
• methodological aesthetic of the agentic paradigm• NO single causalities• ALWAYS multiple causalities• ambiguities create ‘space’ for agentic inputs
6th IFKAD 2011 26
building the business model
18-Jun-2011
technological advance
competitor’smarketing
labor market
governmentstandards
funding
entrepreneur’s moral/ethics
entrepreneurialimagination - vision
seeing the business model as a constructed and
context-specific language
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 27
managing one’s own agentic capabilities
• emotional - EI, faith, know thyself• preparation• openness & doubt - critical position• study• courage, determination, persistence, …• Clausewitz’s sense of ‘the intelligent person’
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 28
managing others’ agency
• persuasion NOT incentives• management as a talking game• logos, ethos, pathos• rhetoric• structuring and delivering persuasive arguments• getting others to do what you cannot - and
therefore cannot direct them to do• sustaining the productive relationship• principal-agent theory
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 29
generating value
• through the lens of the entrepreneurial imagination
• see what might be valued• how it might be generated• who else’s agency is necessary• how they might be engaged• how sustained through time• BM as space (ba) and time (clock)• value generation as work
1-Oct-2011
TCa ICa
TCp ICp
6th IFKAD 2011 30
double spiral - non-zero costs - non-equilibrium human agency
18-Jun-2011
agentic work as making a difference in a real and
imperfect world
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 31
concluding comments
• ‘knowledge’ is an empty and confusing notion• Knowledge Age, intangibles as drivers of SCA etc?• discourse is between causal and agentic, not tangible and intangible• Post-Modern era as agency-intensive rather than information-intensive• why?• customer power + globalized competition = disappearance of
monopoly rents = drive to innovation• what are ‘services’ if not agency-intensive ?• KM/IC impetus does NOT come out of the difference between tools
and skills - but from the uncertainty-driven difference between measured and potential
• KM/IC discourse is a path to understanding value and growth - plus intermediate issues such as ‘business models’, ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘work’
1-Oct-2011
2nd EDEN Seminar on Intangibles & IC 321-Oct-2011