KLS.1/N - radproductsonline.comradproductsonline.com/.../radcnt/mediaserver/5438_kls_1_manual.pdf · KLS.1/N, based on or derived in any way from the KLS.1/N. Your undertaking in

KLS.1/N2-Channel Low-Speed Data Module

Kilomux I/O Module

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The Access Company

KLS.1/N 2-Channel Low-Speed Data Module

Installation and Operation Manual

Notice

This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications Ltd. ("RAD"). No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written approval by RAD Data Communications.

Right, title and interest, all information, copyrights, patents, know-how, trade secrets and other intellectual property or other proprietary rights relating to this manual and to the KLS.1/N and any software components contained therein are proprietary products of RAD protected under international copyright law and shall be and remain solely with RAD.

KLS.1/N is a registered trademark of RAD. No right, license, or interest to such trademark is granted hereunder, and you agree that no such right, license, or interest shall be asserted by you with respect to such trademark.

You shall not copy, reverse compile or reverse assemble all or any portion of the Manual or the KLS.1/N. You are prohibited from, and shall not, directly or indirectly, develop, market, distribute, license, or sell any product that supports substantially similar functionality as the KLS.1/N, based on or derived in any way from the KLS.1/N. Your undertaking in this paragraph shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

This Agreement is effective upon your opening of the KLS.1/N package and shall continue until terminated. RAD may terminate this Agreement upon the breach by you of any term hereof. Upon such termination by RAD, you agree to return to RAD the KLS.1/N and all copies and portions thereof.

For further information contact RAD at the address below or contact your local distributor.

International Headquarters RAD Data Communications Ltd.

24 Raoul Wallenberg Street Tel Aviv 69719, Israel Tel: 972-3-6458181 Fax: 972-3-6498250, 6474436 E-mail: [email protected]

North America Headquarters RAD Data Communications Inc.

900 Corporate Drive Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA Tel: (201) 5291100, Toll free: 1-800-4447234 Fax: (201) 5295777 E-mail: [email protected]

© 1988–2008 RAD Data Communications Ltd. Publication No. 420-211-02/08

mailto:[email protected]


KLS.1/N i

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 General......................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Functional Description................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Technical Specifications..............................................................................................1-4

Chapter 2. Installation and Operation 2.1 General......................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Installation.................................................................................................................2-1

Rear Panel ..............................................................................................................2-1 Internal Settings .....................................................................................................2-1 Module Installation .................................................................................................2-2 Cable Connections ..................................................................................................2-2

2.3 Configuration.............................................................................................................2-2 General...................................................................................................................2-2 Configuration Instructions.......................................................................................2-3

Inclusion of KLS.1/N Module in Database ............................................................2-3 Selection of Main Link and Priority......................................................................2-4 Channel Configuration........................................................................................2-5

Channel Parameters................................................................................................2-6 Considerations in the Selection of the CTS and RTS_CTS_DEL Parameters ...............2-10

Chapter 3. Alarms and Diagnostics 3.1 General......................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Alarm Messages .........................................................................................................3-1 3.3 Diagnostics ................................................................................................................3-2

Test Types..............................................................................................................3-2 Local Channel Loop ............................................................................................3-2 Remote Channel Loop ........................................................................................3-2 Control Signal Loop ............................................................................................3-3

CCITT Rec. V.54 Loops – DCE-DCE Mode ..................................................................3-3 Loop 3 ...............................................................................................................3-4 Loop 2 ...............................................................................................................3-4

CCITT Rec. V.54 Loops – DCE-DTE Mode ..................................................................3-6 CCITT V.54 Loops – DTE-DCE Mode..........................................................................3-6 CCITT V.54 Loops – DTE-DTE Mode..........................................................................3-8 PRBS Transmission................................................................................................3-10 BERT Testing.........................................................................................................3-11 Recommended Test Sequence...............................................................................3-12

Appendix A. Connection Data

Table of Contents Installation and Operation Manual

ii KLS.1/N

KLS.1/N Functional Description 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 General

This module refers to KLS.1/N, which is the enhanced version of the previous KLS.1 module.

The enhanced KLS.1/N model is physically similar to the previous model. The module model can be identified in two ways:

• By reading the marking appearing on the printed circuit board (visible before the module is inserted in the Kilomux enclosure): the enhanced module carries the designation KM-2000-NEWLS.1.

• When using a supervision terminal for Kilomux configuration, the enhanced module is identified in the database and on all the screens that show the module type as KLS.1/NEW.

The enhanced KLS.1/N model is downward-compatible with the previous KLS.1 model, that is, it can operate in a link with the previous KLS.1 model in any of the operating modes supported by the previous KLS.1 model.

When a KLS.1/N module is actually operated in a link with a module of the previous model, you should always install the previous model in the Kilomux-2000/2004 serving as the master in a downloading configuration: in this way, the KLS.1 module of the previous model will not receive via download parameters it does not support.

1.2 Functional Description

The KLS.1/N is a low-speed data module for the High-Speed Modular Time Division Multiplexer System, Kilomux. The module provides two EIA RS-232/CCITT Rec. V.24 low-speed synchronous or asynchronous data channels with DCE interfaces. Each channel supports three groups of data rates:

• Group 1: 300 to 38,400 bps in either synchronous or asynchronous mode. This is similar to the range of the previous KLS.1 model, except the previous model does not support 38,400 bps in the asynchronous mode.

• Group 2: 7.2, 14.4, 28.8, and 57.6 kbps in either synchronous or asynchronous mode.

• Group 3: 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 56, and 64 kbps in the synchronous mode only.

Note

Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

1-2 Functional Description KLS.1/N

Rates can be freely selected, as long as both channels operate at rates taken from the same group.

Channel data rates as well as all the channel operating parameters are controlled by means of Kilomux front-panel controls, or through the Kilomux supervisory port.

Programmable timing modes and channel buffers permit connection to all types of digital lines, including digital data services, and ensure data integrity:

• In the asynchronous mode, the number of data bits in the word is user-programmable: 6, 7, 8, or 9 (this number includes the parity bit, if parity is enabled, because the parity bit is transparently transferred). In addition to the selected number of data bits, the word format includes one start bit and one stop bit.

• In the synchronous mode, each channel has three user-programmable timing modes:

DCE: the KLS.1/N channel provides the timing signals to the DTE connected to it.

DTE1: the KLS.1/N channel provides the receive timing signal, and accepts the transmit timing from the equipment connected to the channel.

DTE2: the KLS.1/N channel accepts the receive and transmit timing signals from the equipment connected to the channel, and buffers and retimes the incoming data.

When connected to the national network or to private carrier data lines, e.g., DDS or Kilostream lines, a KLS.1/N channel operating in the DTE2 mode can be used as an external timing reference source for the Kilomux unit the module is installed in.

The KLS.1/N module provides two user-selectable modes of support for the V.24/RS-232 interface control signals:

• Local control signal support. This mode can be independently selected for each channel. When local support is enabled, the channel locally supports four interface control signals, that is, the state of the control signals is not transmitted to the remote channel. The locally-supported control signals are as follows:

RTS.

CTS: can be programmed to follow RTS with a programmable delay, or to be constantly ON. If a channel is disconnected, its CTS line is always OFF, irrespective of the selected mode.

DSR: either constantly ON (except when the channel is in remote loopback, or under PRBS or BER testing), or ON only when the Kilomux is synchronized. The selection is made by the user.

DCD: constantly ON, except when communication is not possible because of loss of frame synchronization.

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

KLS.1/N Functional Description 1-3

• End-to-end transmission of control signals. To minimize bandwidth requirements, two selections are available:

End-to-end transmission of local RTS line state to the remote DCD line, and vice versa.

End-to-end transmission of local RTS line state to the remote DCD line, and local DSR line to remote DTR line, and vice versa.

The end-to-end transmission mode can be independently selected for each channel, with the restriction that when both channels are configured for end-to-end transmission, both channels must be configured to transmit the same number of control signals, i.e., both channels can transmit either one pair, or two pairs. Typical end-to-end delay is 2.5 msec.

The module automatically performs self-test upon power-up and during normal operation. Comprehensive diagnostic capabilities reduce downtime to a minimum. Diagnostics include local and remote channel loops, and in addition the channels support loops per CCITT Rec. V.54. When downloading is enabled (available only on Kilomux-2000/2004, not on Kilomux-2100/2104), the channels also allow transparent transmission of local and remote V.54 loop commands to modems connected as a tail-end circuit. The loops can be activated either by the corresponding interface connector pins, or by commands from a supervision terminal. During maintenance, the activity of the channel transmit and receive lines, and the state of the RTS and DCD control lines can be monitored on the dedicated Kilomux front-panel indicators.

Each channel terminates on a separate 25-pin D-type, female connector. Pin-out assignment is in accordance with CCITT Rec. V.24/EIA RS-232 specifications. Figure 1-1 shows typical KLS.1/N applications.

DIGITALDATA

SERVICE

4.8K

9.6K

KLS.1

DTE

KILOMUX-2000 KILOMUX-2000KLS.1

DTE9.6K

4.8K

Figure 1-1. Typical KLS.1/N Application


1-4 Technical Specifications KLS.1/N

1.3 Technical Specifications

Number of channels Two

Interface type CCITT Rec. V.24/V.28, EIA RS-232 synchronous or asynchronous, DCE

Asynchronous word parameters

Number of data and parity bits 6, 7, 8, 9

Stop bits 1

Parity None, odd, even (transparently transferred)

Channel connectors Two 25-pin D-type female connectors

Data rates Independently selectable for each channel, except both channels must use rates from the same group

Group 1 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 and 38400 bps in either synchronous or asynchronous mode

Group 2 7.2, 14.4, 28.8, and 57.6 kbps in either synchronous or asynchronous mode

Group 3 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 56, and 64 kbps in synchronous mode only

Data clamp Mark hold when frame synchronization is lost

Bandwidth allocation on main link Permanent, according to programmed channel data rates

Control signals Support mode is user-selectable

Local support RTS-CTS delay software-controlled, DSR, DCD

End-to-end RTS-to-DCD, DTR-to-DSR: 2.5msec typical delay

DSR state User-selectable:

• DSR constantly ON (except when the channel is in remote loopback, or under PRBS or BER testing)

• DSR is ON only when the KLS.1/N module is synchronized

DCD state Always ON, except when the KLS.1/N module is synchronized

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

KLS.1/N Technical Specifications 1-5

Clock options DCE, DTE1, DTE2

Diagnostic tests

Self-test Automatic self-test upon power-up and during normal operation

Software-controlled tests • Local channel loopback

• Remote channel loopback

• PRBS transmission

• Built in BERT test

• Remote side local modem loop (V.54 loop 3)

• Remote side remote modem loop (V.54 loop 2)

CCITT Rec. V.54 pin control • Local loopback (V.54 loop 3)

• Remote loopback (V.54 loop 2)

• End-to-end transparency of RLB, LLB and TM pins (for DCE-DTE mode)

Indicators Monitoring of the TX, RX, RTS and DCD lines of a selected channel on dedicated Kilomux front panel indicators

Configuration Programmable via supervision terminal, or RADview Management System


1-6 Technical Specifications KLS.1/N

KLS.1/N Installation 2-1

Chapter 2

Installation and Operation

2.1 General

This chapter provides installation, configuration and operation instructions for the KLS.1/N module. The information presented in this chapter supplements the general Kilomux installation, configuration and operation instructions contained in Part I of this manual.

The KLS.1/N module contains components sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To prevent ESD damage, always hold the module by its sides, and do not touch the module components or connectors.

2.2 Installation

Rear Panel

The rear panel of the KLS.1/N module is shown in Figure 2-1. The module has two 25-pin connectors, one for each channel. Connector pin assignments and functions are given in Appendix A.

Internal Settings

The KLS.1/N module does not have internal settings. All the module functions are programmable.

Caution

Chapter 2 Installation and Operation Installation and Operation Manual

2-2 Configuration KLS.1/N

CH.2

CH.1

KLS.1

CHANNEL 1CONNECTOR

CHANNEL 2CONNECTOR

Figure 2-1. Rear Panel

Module Installation

Refer to the system installation plan and insert the module in the assigned I/O slot of the Kilomux enclosure.

The module starts operating as soon as it is plugged into an operating enclosure.

Cable Connections

Identify the cables intended for connection to the channels of this module, and connect each cable to the appropriate module connector.

The required cables can be prepared in accordance with the channel connector wiring information given in Appendix A. However, standard CCITT Rec. V.24/EIARS-232 cables are also be used.

2.3 Configuration

General

This section provides specific instructions for the configuration of the KLS.1/N module using a supervision terminal. The instructions appearing in this section assume you are familiar with the operation and capabilities of the supervision terminal. If necessary, refer to Chapter 4 of the Kilomux-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual for general operating instructions, and for instructions on the execution of other configuration activities.

The configuration functions applicable to the KLS.1/N module are listed below:

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 2 Installation and Operation

KLS.1/N Configuration 2-3

• Inclusion of a KLS.1/N module not yet installed in the Kilomux database. This allows the pre-programming of the module parameters, so when the module is installed in the enclosure, it will immediately start operating in the desired mode. This function is performed by means of the DEF SYS command.

• Selection of the main link to be used by the module, and when applicable, module priority. This function is performed using the DEF CON command. This command is available only on the Kilomux-2000/2100, provided it is operated in the dual-link, priority bumping or switched-backup mode (but not in the single link or redundancy modes).

• Programming of the module channel parameters, using the DEF CH command.

Before starting the configuration procedure, obtain the list of prescribed channel parameters from your system administrator.

Configuration Instructions

If the supervision terminal is not yet connected to the Kilomux, connect the terminal and start a configuration session in accordance with Chapter 4, Section 4.4 of the system manual.

Inclusion of KLS.1/N Module in Database

• If the KLS.1/N module to be configured is not yet installed in the Kilomux, type:

DEF SYS <Enter>

• The system parameters data form is displayed. A typical form for a Kilomux-2100 is shown below. The form presents the current parameter values as defaults.

CLK_MASTER CLK_FBACK DWLD_BW_A DWLD_BW_B ML_MODE ML_RECOVERY FRAME_MODE

N/A N/A NO NO SW_BACK AUTO AUTO

• Assuming that the only necessary changes are the inclusion of a new KLS.1/N module in the system database, press <Enter>. The second line of the system parameters data form, shown in the module designations, is displayed.

A typical data form for a Kilomux-2100 is shown below:

IO : 1 2 3 4 5 6

TYPE(DB): KLS.1/NEW --- --- --- --- ---

If the desired slot number is not shown, press <Enter> once or twice, until the desired group of slot numbers is displayed.

• Press the space bar to move the cursor to the desired slot number, and then press F or B to scroll among the available selections. When the desired selection (KLS.1/NEW) is displayed, press the space bar to move to the next field.

• After the desired selections are made, press <Enter> to end. The supervision terminal will display the time and date fields, followed by the Kilomux prompt.

Note



Selection of Main Link and Priority

Skip this section if you are using Kilomux-2104 or the main link mode is SINGLE or REDUNDANCY.

• To define the main link and/or priority of a selected KLS.1/N module, type:

DEF CON <Enter>

• The connections table is displayed. The table lists the I/O slots and the main link currently used by each module, as well as the priority assigned to each module when a flip occurs from main link A to main link B and from main link B to main link A. A typical display is shown below:

I/O GROUP OPERATED_HIGHWAY PB[A->B] PB[B->A] SWITCH

==============================================================

OP ALL ML-A LOW N/A N/A

1 ALL ML-A HIGH N/A N/A

2 ALL ML-A HIGH N/A N/A

3 ALL ML-A LOW N/A N/A










Column PB[A->B]: In use in Priority Bumping and Switched Backup main link modes.

• High – This module will switch to main link B when a main link flip occurs.

• Low – This module will not switch to main link B when a main link flip occurs.

Column PB[B->A]: In use in Priority Bumping main link mode.

• High – This module will switch to main link A when a main link flip occurs.

• Low – This module will not switch to main link A when a main link flip occurs.

Column SWITCH: In use in Switch, Dual Switch, Single and Switch main link modes when SWITCH_ MODE is configured as AUTO.

• High – Switched main link will establish an ISDN connection on request from this module.

• Low – Switched main link will ignore request from this module for an ISDN connection.

If priority bumping and switched backup are disabled, columns PB[A->B] and PB[B->A] show N/A for all the slots.

Note



• Use the space bar to move the cursor to the number of the slot in which the desired module installed, and press the F or B key to change the main link.

• Use the space bar and the F and B keys to change the priorities as necessary.

If the two main links operate at the same data rate, the Kilomux-2100 automatically sets the same priorities for flips in either direction. Then this line shows N/A for all the slots.

If the data rates of the two main links are different and the priority bumping mode is used, you can select the priorities for each I/O slot using the same procedure as above.

• When done, press <Enter>.

• After the desired parameter values are selected, press <Enter> to end. The supervision terminal will display the time and date fields, followed by the Kilomux-2100 prompt.

Channel Configuration

• To start the configuration of a specific channel of a KLS.1/N module, enter the command:

DEF CH A:B

where A is the number of the module slot, and B is the desired module channel (1 or 2).

• The supervision terminal displays the first part of the channel configuration data form (this part includes the parameters also available for the previous KLS.1 module model). A typical data form is shown below:

SPEED PROTOCOL ASYNC_DATA TIMING CTRL_SIG CTS RTS_CTS_DEL

9.6KBPS ASYNC 8 BITS DCE LOCAL ON MIN

For a description of parameters and their allowed range of values, refer to Section 2.3.

• Change parameters as follows:

Bring the cursor to the beginning of the first field to be changed by pressing the space bar.

To change the selected field, press F or B to scroll among the available selections. When the desired selection is displayed, press the space bar to move to the next field.

• After the desired parameter values are selected, press <Enter> to display the second part of the of the channel configuration data form. The second part is available only for the enhanced KLS.1/N module model: for the previous module model, pressing <Enter> ends the channel configuration.

A typical second part of a data form is shown below:

V54_CONF DSR

DCE-DCE ON

• Change parameter values as explained above.

Note



• After the desired parameter values are selected, press <Enter> to end the channel configuration. The supervision terminal will display the time and date fields, followed by the Kilomux prompt.

Channel Parameters

Table 2-1 lists the KLS.1/N channel parameters that can be configured from a supervision terminal.

Table 2-1. Channel Parameters

Designation Function Values

PROTOCOL Selects the protocol used by the data channel being configured

ASYNC Asynchronous operation SYNC Synchronous operation

Default: ASYNC

SPEED Determines the channel data rate NC – Channel not connected

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

(Channel data rate in kbps)

0.3 7.2 8 0.6 14.4 16 1.2 28.8 24 2.4 57.6 32 4.8 48 9.6 56 19.2 64 38.4

Group 3 rates cannot be selected in the asynchronous mode.

Default: NC

Note: The following channel rates are not supported by certain main link data rates: 0.3 & 0.6 kbps are not supported by 512 & 768 kbps main link data rates. 7.2 kbps is not supported by 256 & 384 kbps main link data rates. 24 kbps is not supported by 28.8 kbps main link data rate. 64 kbps is not supported by 1024 & 1536 kbps main link data rates.

ASYNC_DATA Selects the number of data bits when an asynchronous data channel is being configured.

6 – 7 – 8 – 9 –

⎫ ⎬ ⎭

Number of data and parity bits

Default: 6

TIMING Selects the data channel timing mode.

This parameter is displayed only when the SYNC protocol has been selected.

DCE Kilomux operates as a DCE and provides transmit and receive clocks to the synchronous user DTE.

DTE1 Kilomux supplies the receive clock to the user equipment and accepts the user transmit clock.

DTE2 Kilomux requires transmit and receive clocks from the user equipment.

Default: DCE




CTRL_SIG Determines the handling of control signals by the data channel being configured.

Local End-to-end transmission of control signals is disabled. Only local support is enabled.

RTS The state of the local RTS line is transmitted to the remote DCD line.

DSR& RTS

The state of the local RTS line is transmitted to the remote DCD line and the local DTR - to the remote DSR.

Default: LOCAL

CTS Selects the state of the CTS line in the user data channel.

ON CTS continuously on

=RTS CTS line follows the RTS line

Default: =RTS

MIN Minimal delay (approximately 2.5 msec)

RTS_CTS_DEL Controls the delay between the RTS and CTS control signals.

This parameter is displayed only when the CTS=RTS mode has been selected.

10m 50m 100m 200m

⎫ ⎬ ⎭

Delay in milliseconds

Default: MIN




V54_CONF Controls the direction and the handling, by the KLS.1/N module, of the signals transmitted and received on the LLB, RLB, and TM RS-232 interface lines. This parameter is not supported by the previous KLS.1 model.

Note that the direction of the TM signal is always opposite to the direction of the LLB and RLB signals in the same interface.

Refer to Chapter 3 for details on the V.54 loops and the loops activated in each mode.

DCE-DTE (see Note below) LLB and RLB pin states or the corresponding loop commands are transmitted from the KLS.1/N module installed in the master Kilomux-2000/2004 to the module installed in the slave Kilomux-2000/2004 and appear there as output signals, to control the tail-end circuit modems connected to the KLS.1/N module installed in the slave

Note: Supported by Kilomux-2000/2004 only. DTE-DCE (see Note)

LLB and RLB pin states or the corresponding loop commands are transmitted from the KLS.1/N module installed in the slave Kilomux-2000/2004 to the module installed in the master Kilomux_2000/2004 and appear there as output signals, to control the tail-end circuit modems connected to the KLS.1/N module installed in the master.

Note: Supported by Kilomux-2000/2004 only. DCE-DCE At both ends of the link, the LLB

and RLB lines are inputs, and the loop commands are executed by the KLS.1/N modules. This mode is compatible with the previous KLS.1 model.

DTE-DTE At both ends of the link, the LLB and RLB lines are outputs, and allow cont- rolling tail-end circuit modems connected to the KLS.1/N modules installed in both the master and the slave Kilomux-2000/2004 units. In order to activate loops, the loop commands must be applied from the supervisory port of Kilomux-2000/2004.

Note: Supported by Kilomux-2000/2004 only. Default: DCE-DCE

DSR Selects the state of the DSR line in the user data channel. This parameter is not supported by the previous KLS.1 model.

ON DSR continuously on

SYNC DSR line is on only when Kilomux is synchronized

Default: ON

Software loop commands can be used to activate loops even if the corresponding pin state is “loop not active”.

Note



• PROTOCOL Select the appropriate protocol, SYNC or ASYNC.

• SPEED Enter the prescribed channel data rate from the same group of rates the other module channel uses.

When compatibility with the previous KLS.1 model is necessary, select only rates from group 1 (remember that asynchronous operation at 38,400bps is not supported by the previous KLS.1 model).

• ASYNC_DATA If the asynchronous protocol has been selected, you must define the number of data bits (including the parity bit, if used) in the word: 6, 7, 8, or 9. In addition to the selected number of data bits, the word format includes one start bit and one stop bit.

• TIMING If you selected the SYNC protocol, then you must also select the interface mode: DCE, DTE1 or DTE2.

If this channel is intended to serve as a timing reference source for the Kilomux main link, select DTE2.

• CTRL_SIG Select between local support of control signals, and end-to-end transmission.

With end-to-end transmission, you can select between the transmission of one signal pair (local RTS to remote DCD, and vice versa) and two signal pairs (local RTS to remote DCD and local DSR to remote DTR and vice versa). You can select the control signals support mode independently for each channel. However, if you select end-to-end transmission on both channels, always select the same type (RTS or DSR&RTS): you cannot select RTS on one channel and DSR&RTS on the other channel.

If the application that will use this channel does not require end-to-end signaling, select LOCAL to free main link bandwidth for other uses.

• CTS If this channel will be used for polling or other half-duplex or switched-carrier applications, select CTS=RTS.

For most applications that require full duplex communication, you should select CTS=ON unless specifically instructed otherwise.

• RTS_CTS_DEL This parameter is displayed only if you selected CTS=RTS. Select the desired delay.

For half-duplex applications, you should select a value that is slightly larger that the link turn-around time. The selection of the delay is analyzed in detail in the following section.

• V54_CONF Select the V.54 loop control support mode:

− When compatibility with the previous KLS.1 model is necessary, select DCE-DCE.

− If tail-end circuits are connected to the KLS.1/N module installed in the master Kilomux-2000/2004, select DTE-DCE.

− If tail-end circuits are connected to the KLS.1/N module installed in the slave Kilomux-2000/2004, select DCE-DTE.

− If tail-end circuits are connected to both KLS.1/N modules, select DTE-DTE. In this case, you must use a supervision terminal to control loops.

• DSR Select between DSR constantly on, and DSR on only when the link is synchronized.

When compatibility with the previous KLS.1 model is necessary, select ON.



Considerations in the Selection of the CTS and RTS_CTS_DEL Parameters

• When the application requires the transfer of the local RTS to the remote DCD, always select CTS=RTS and select MIN for RTS_CTS_DEL.

There is no need to delay the CTS with respect to RTS, because in this case when a data transmission is started (i.e., the RTS line is switched to ON), the remote end will start receiving data only after the remote DCD line is switched to ON.

• In a multidrop configuration, such as that shown in figure 2-2 below, when CTS=RTS it is necessary to select a RTS-CTS delay longer than the RTS-CTS delay of modem A.

This is necessary because when the DTE connected to the West Kilomux signals the start of a transmission by setting its RTS line ON, there is a delay before modem A (that receives the RTS signal from the DCD line of the East Kilomux) returns ON on the CTS line.

The West Kilomux must therefore delay the CTS to the DTE by an interval, which is greater than the modem A RTS-CTS delay. If the delay is shorter, modem A will not transmit the beginning of the data transmission.

KILOMUX-2000WEST EAST

KLS.1

KLS.1

MODEM A

MODEM

DTE

KILOMUX-2000

MODEM

CONTROL SIGNALS

DTE

RTS

CTS

KLS.1 CHANNEL

RTS

CTS

CTS

RTS

MODEM

CTS

DCD

CONTROL SIGNALS

KLS.1 CHANNEL

RTS DCD

Figure 2-2. Multidrop Configuration Example

KLS.1/N Alarm Messages 3-1

Chapter 3

Alarms and Diagnostics

3.1 General

This chapter provides information on the alarms generated by the KLS.1/N module, and instructions for using the module-specific diagnostic functions.

The diagnostic information presented in this chapter supplements the general Kilomux diagnostics operation instructions contained in Chapters 3 to 6 of Kilomux-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

3.2 Alarm Messages

Table 3-1 lists the alarm messages generated by the KLS.1/N module, specifies their type (event or state), and explains their interpretation.

The alarm messages generated by the KLS.1/N module that are displayed by a supervision terminal connected to the Kilomux are listed in Chapter 4 of the Kilomux-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual of this manual.

Table 3-1. Alarm Messages

Alarm Message Type Interpretation

HARDWARE ERROR State A KLS.1/N hardware failure has been detected during

the self-test.

PHASOR OVERFLOW Event Phasor overflow occurred. This usually happens because

of clock rate differences, caused by incorrect selection

of system timing modes (when operating in the SYNC

mode)

B.R.G FAILURE Event The baud rate generator of the module installed in the

specified I/O slot (1 through 12) failed. This message

may be displayed due to a faulty main link module or a

technical error in the I/O module. Check the main link

module or replace the I/O module

Chapter 3 Alarms and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

3-2 Diagnostics KLS.1/N

3.3 Diagnostics

The TEST OPTIONS menu is used to initiate various test and diagnostics activities. The available functions are:

• Activation of a local or remote loop on the desired channel.

• Indication of the state of the lines that control the activation of CCITT Rec. V.54 loop 2 and loop 3 on the desired channel.

• Activation of CCITT Rec. V.54 loop 2 and 3, or end-to-end transfer of V.54 loop commands in accordance with the selected V.54 support mode.

• Pseudo-random sequence (PRBS) transmission on the desired channel.

• Bit error rate test (BERT) with automatic remote loopback on the remote Kilomux channel (supported by Kilomux-2000/2004 system only).

• Monitoring of activity on the channel transmit and receive lines, and monitoring of the channel RTS and DCD lines by means of the Kilomux front-panel indicators.

The following sections describe the available test activities. For front-panel test activation instructions, refer to Chapter 3, Section 3-12 in Part I of this manual. For instructions on the activation of tests using a supervision terminal, refer to Chapter 4 in Part I.

Test Types

Local Channel Loop

When a local loop is activated on a KLS.1/N channel, the channel transmit signal is returned to the channel receive path. The transmit signal is still connected to the transmit path and reaches the remote user. While the loop is connected, the local user equipment must receive its own signal. The loop signal path is shown in Figure 3-2.

This loop provides a quick check of the connections to the local user equipment.

Remote Channel Loop

The signal path depends on the downloading state:

• If downloading is enabled and a remote channel loop is activated on a KLS.1/N channel of the local Kilomux-2000/2004 unit, the KLS.1 module of the remote Kilomux-2000/2004 unit loops back the channel receive signal toward the local channel. The received signal remains connected as usual to the receive path of that unit. The loop signal path is shown in Figure 3-3.A.

This loop allows the local user to perform a quick check of the end-to-end transmission on this channel.

• If downloading is disabled, the remote loop is connected on the local Kilomux unit, i.e., the local KLS.1/N module returns the receive signal of the tested channel toward the remote Kilomux. The loop signal path is shown in Figure 3-3B.

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Alarms and Diagnostics

KLS.1/N Diagnostics 3-3

Downloading is supported only by the Kilomux-2000/2004 system.

This loop allows the remote user to perform a quick check of the end-to-end transmission on this channel.

The remote loop does not return the control signals. To receive the control signals, you must also perform the control-signal loop on the far-end Kilomux-2100/2104 unit.

Control Signal Loop

When a control signal loop is activated on a channel of the KLS.1/N module (using the LOOP SIG command), the channel transmit control signals are returned to the channel receive control-signals. The transmit control-signals are not connected to the transmit path. While the loop is connected, the local user equipment receives its own control-signals. The transmitted data, however is connected to the transmit path and reaches the remote user. The received data path is also unaffected by the loop. The loop path is shown in Figure 3-1.

RemoteKILOMUX-2100

LocalKILOMUX-2100

User or TestEquipment

User or TestEquipment

CHANNEL 1

Typical Module

Figure 3-1. Control-Signal Loop on Individual Channel

The Control Signal loop is supported only by the Kilomux-2100/2104 system.

If the Control Signal loop is active, data transfer may be momentarily affected when applying any type of loop command to the adjacent channel.

CCITT Rec. V.54 Loops – DCE-DCE Mode

When the selected V.54 support mode is DCE-DCE, CCITT Rec. V.54 loops 2 and 3 are activated on the KLS.1/N channels. The state of the corresponding loop activation lines can be, RLB and LLB, respectively displayed to the operator.

In the DCE-DCE mode, the enhanced KLS.1/N module responds in a way similar to the response of the previous KLS.1 model: the LLB and RLB lines of the KLS.1 modules at both ends of a link serve as inputs, and TM line is an output which is active when either loop is activated.

Note

Note

Note



Loop 3

The channel CCITT Rec. V.54 loop 3 command is sent by the user's DTE, using the dedicated loop 3 activation line (LLB) in the interface connector of the KLS.1/N channel. The command activates a local channel loop on the local KLS.1/N channel (Figure 3-2).

Loop 2

The channel CCITT Rec. V.54 loop 2 command is sent by the user's DTE, using the dedicated loop 2 activation line (RLB) in the interface connector of the KLS.1/N channel. The response to a CCITT Rec. V.54 loop 2 command depends on the state of the downloading function:

• If downloading is disabled, a CCITT Rec. V.54 loop 2 command has no effect.

• If downloading is enabled, a CCITT Rec. V.54 loop 2 command results in the activation of a remote channel loop (on the remote Kilomux-2000/2004 channel, as shown in Figure 3-3A).

Downloading is supported only by the Kilomux-2000/2004 system.

USER OR TESTEQUIPMENT

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

LOCALUNIT

CHANNEL 1

KLS.1 MODULE

KML KC

L

I/O M

OD

ULE

S


REMOTEUNIT

KMLKC

L

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KLS.1

Figure 3-2. Local Channel Loop

Note



SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

LOCALUNIT

KML KC

L

I/O M

OD

ULE

S


REMOTEUNIT

KMLKC

L

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KLS.1 MODULE

CHANNEL 1

EQUIPMENTUSER OR TEST


CHANNEL 1

KLS.1 MODULE

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KC

L

KML

UNITREMOTE


I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KC

L

KML

UNITLOCAL

SYSTEM MANAGEMENTA. DOWNLOADING ENABLED

B. DOWNLOADING DISABLED

KLS.1

KLS.1

Figure 3-3. Remote Channel Loop



CCITT Rec. V.54 Loops – DCE-DTE Mode

The DCE-DTE mode enables the local user to control the V.54 loops 2 and 3 of the equipment connected as a tail-end circuit at the remote end of a Kilomux-2000/2004 link ("local" in this respect means the user at the side of the master unit", because the DCE-DTE mode is supported only when downloading is enabled).

When the selected V.54 support mode is DCE-DTE:

• The interface of the KLS.1/N channel installed in the Kilomux-2000/2004 that serves as the master behaves as a DCE with respect to the V.54 lines: the LLB and RLB lines operate as inputs, which accept the loop 3 and loop 2 commands received from the user's DTE and transfer them via the link to the remote KLS.1/N channel. The TM line serves as an output, which is active when a loop is activated.

• The interface of the KLS.1/N channel installed in the Kilomux-2000/2004 that serves as a slave emulates a DTE interface with respect to the V.54 lines: the LLB and RLB lines operate as outputs, which repeat the corresponding signals applied to the KLS.1/N channel located in the master, whereas the TM line serves as an input which can sense the state of the TM signal provided by the modem.

Figure 3-4 shows a typical configuration in which it is recommended to use the DCE-DTE mode, and identifies the direction of the V.54 lines and the location of the loops.

• For flexibility, the V.54 loops 2 and 3 can also be activated by means of a supervision terminal connected to the master Kilomux-2000/2004 unit: the corresponding commands are R_LP2_V54 for loop 2, and R_LP3_V.54 for loop 3.

The DCE-DTE Mode is supported by Kilomux-2000/2004 system only.

CCITT V.54 Loops – DTE-DCE Mode

The DTE-DCE mode is functionally similar to the DCE-DTE mode, except the direction in which the commands flow is reversed, so as to allow the testing of the equipment serving a tail-end circuit connected to the KLS.1/N channel installed in the master Kilomux-2000/2004.

For flexibility, the V.54 loops 2 and 3 can also be activated by means of a supervision terminal connected to the slave Kilomux-2000/2004 unit: the corresponding commands are R_LP2_V54 for loop 2, and R_LP3_V.54 for loop 3.

Figure 3-5 shows a typical configuration in which it is recommended to use the DTE-DCE mode, and identifies the direction of the V.54 lines and the location of the loops.

The DTE-DCE Mode is supported by Kilomux-2000/2004 system only.

Note

Note



I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KCL

KML

UNITSLAVE

UNITMASTER

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

A. LOOP 2

LOCAL MODEM

REMOTE MODEM

REMOTE MODEM

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KCL

KML

KLS.1 KLS.1

TAIL-ENDCIRCUIT

LOCAL MODEM

KLS.1KLS.1

KML KCL

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

B. LOOP 3

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

SLAVEUNIT

KMLKCL

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

CIRCUITTAIL-END

MASTERUNIT

TM

RLB RLB

TM


LLB

TM TM

LLB




Figure 3-4. Typical V.54 DCE-DTE Configuration



I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KCL

KML

UNITSLAVE

UNITMASTER

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

A. LOOP 2

LOCAL MODEM

REMOTE MODEM

REMOTE MODEM

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KCL

KML

KLS.1 KLS.1

TAIL-ENDCIRCUIT

LOCAL MODEM

KLS.1KLS.1

KML KCL

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

B. LOOP 3

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

SLAVEUNIT

KMLKCL

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

CIRCUITTAIL-END

MASTERUNIT

TM

RLB

TM

LLB





LLB

TM

RLB

TM

Figure 3-5. Typical V.54 DTE-DCE Configuration

CCITT V.54 Loops – DTE-DTE Mode

The DTE-DTE mode is intended to enable testing in configurations that include tail-end circuits at both ends of the link, i.e., the LLB and RLB lines of both KLS.1/N channels serve as outputs, to activate the corresponding loops on the tail-end equipment.

The control of the LLB and RLB lines is performed by means of the R_LP2_V54 and R_LP3_V.54 commands entered at a supervision terminal connected to the master or slave Kilomux-2000/2004:



• When the command is entered at a supervision terminal connected to the master Kilomux-2000/2004, the commands activate the loops only on the modems connected to the slave Kilomux-2000/2004.

• When the command is entered at a supervision terminal connected to the slave Kilomux-2000/2004, the commands activate the loops only on the modems connected to the master Kilomux-2000/2004.

Figure 3-6 shows a typical configuration in which it is recommended to use the DTE-DTE mode, and identifies the direction of the V.54 lines and the location of the loops.

The DTE-DTE Mode is supported by Kilomux-2000/2004 system only.

A. LOOP 2

REMOTE MODEM

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KC

L

KML

KLS.1

TAIL-ENDCIRCUIT

LOCAL MODEM

RLB

TM


I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KC

L

KML

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

REMOTE MODEM

KLS.1

TAIL-ENDCIRCUIT

LOCAL MODEM

TM

RLB



LLB

TM

UNITLOCAL

TAIL-ENDCIRCUI

T

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

KC

L

KML

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

KLS.1

REMOTE MODEM

LOCAL MODEM LOCAL MODEM

REMOTE MODEM

KLS.1

KML KC

L

I/O M

OD

ULE

S

REMOTEUNIT

CIRCUITTAIL-END

TM

LLB


B. LOOP 3

UNITREMOTELOCAL

UNIT

Figure 3-6. Typical V.54 DTE-DTE Configuration

CCITT V.54 Loops are not supported by RADview.

Note

Note



PRBS Transmission

The PRBS transmission function is used to provide a test signal to a selected channel of the KLS.1/N module. By activating a local or remote main link loop, or a remote channel loop (or by connecting an external loop) while PRBS transmission is activated, this function can also be used to obtain a qualitative evaluation of data transmission without using external test equipment.

Data transmission is checked by applying a 29-1 (511) bit pseudo-random sequence generated by an internal test sequence generator to the input of the tested channel transmit path. The transmitted data is returned by means of a loop somewhere along the data path (e.g., by connecting a remote channel loop if downloading is enabled, or a local main link loop) to the receive path of the module. The received signal is routed to a test sequence evaluator. The evaluator compares the received data, bit by bit, to the original data and detects any difference (bit error). The output of the evaluator is sampled during module polling, to check whether errors were detected in the interval between consecutive pollings. The test results are displayed on a supervision terminal as a number in the range of 0 (no errors detected during the current measurement interval) thru 65535. The number of errors is accumulated from the activation of the PRBS transmission.

During PRBS transmission, the tested channel is disconnected from the user data equipment, and the DSR line is turned off on the local side (the DSR line of the user equipment connected to the remote Kilomux module will not be disconnected).

Only one PRBS or BERT test can be activated at any time on each KLS.1/N module installed in the Kilomux unit.

Low KLS.1/N channel data rates are not supported by PRBS transmission feature due to the use of oversampling (see Chapter 1 of the Kilomux-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual for more details). See Table 3-2 for compatibility with different Main Link data rates.



Table 3-2; Compatibility of Main Link and KLS.1 Data Rates for PRBS Transmission

Main Link Data Rate [kbps] KLS.1 Data Rate [kbps] 9.6 14.4 19.2 28.8 32 48 56 64 128 192 256 384 512 768 1024 1536

300 − − − − − − − − − − − − − −

600 − − − − − − − − − − − − − −

1.2 + + + + + − − − − − − − − −

2.4 + + + + + + + + + + − − − −

4.8 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

7.2 + + + + + + + + + +

8 + + + + + + + + + + + +

9.6 + + + + + + + + + + + + +

14.4 + + + + + + + + + +

16 + + + + + + + + + + + +

19.2 + + + + + + + + + + + + +

24 + + + + + + + + +

28.8 + + + + + + + + + +

32 + + + + + + + + + + +

38.4 + + + + + + + + + + +

48 + + + + + + + +

56 + + + + +

57.6 + + + + + + + + +

64 + + + + + + + +

+ Supported; − Not Supported; N Not Applicable

BERT Testing

The BERT test is used to evaluate data transmission through a selected channel of the KLS.1 module without using external test equipment. The BERT test can be activated only when the downloading function is enabled, and the link to the remote Kilomux-2000/2004 operates normally. The BERT test is similar to the PRBS transmission test, except that before the evaluation of the received data starts, a remote channel loop is activated. This should cause the sequence to be transmitted along the full path. The test results are displayed as for PRBS transmission.

This feature is supported only by Kilomux-2000/2004 systems.

Note



As for PRBS transmission, the BERT test can be activated on only one channel of each KLS.1 module installed in the Kilomux-2000/2004 unit, the tested channel is disconnected from the user data equipment, and its DSR line is turned off.

Recommended Test Sequence

The loops available on the KLS.1 module provide a rapid and efficient way to identify the general location of a fault at either of the two KLS.1 channels connected in a link, or in the external equipment or connections to channels.

If a complaint is received from one of the users connected to a KLS.1 channel, first activate the KLS.1 local test loop at the side where the complaint is received. The local user must receive its own signal. If the signal is not received, the problem is at the local end:

• Check the connections to the user equipment, or the equipment itself.

• Replace the local KLS.1 module.

If the local user receives its own signal when the local loop is activated, the problem is at the remote end. To check, deactivate the local loop and repeat the procedure on the remote Kilomux.

KLS.1/N Interface Module KLS.1/N A-1

Appendix A

Connection Data

A.1 Interface Module KLS.1/N

The module has two 25-pin D-type female connectors (one for each channel), wired as follows:

Pin Designation Direction Function

1 FGND - Frame ground

2 TD IN TX data

3 RD OUT RX data

4 RTS IN Request to send

5 CTS OUT Clear to send

6 DSR OUT Data set ready

7 SGND - Signal ground

8 DCD OUT Carrier detect

9 +12V OUT See Note 1

10 -12V OUT See Note 1

11 ERC IN External RX CLK

15 TC OUT TX CLK

17 RC OUT RX CLK

18 LLB see para. A-2 V.54 loop 3 line

20 DTR IN Data terminal ready

21 RLB see para. A-2 V.54 loop 2 line

24 ETC IN External TX CLK

25 TM see para. A-2 Test mode

Appendix A Connection Data Installation and Operation Manual

A-2 Direction of V.54 Lines KLS.1/N

• Pins 9, 10 are connected to the +12V and -12V lines through a 300W, 0.5W, series resistor.

• In the direction field: IN – input to KLS.1/N OUT – output from KLS.1/N

A.2 Direction of V.54 Lines

The direction of the V.54 lines, namely LLB, RLB and TM, depends on the V.54 interface mode selected for the channel (refer to para. 3-3):

V.54 Interface Mode Direction

LLB RLB TM

DCE Input Input Output

DTE Output Output Input

Note

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