KiVa Anti-bullying programme

• Developed by Prof Christina Salmivalli University of Turku, Finland• Funded by Finnish Government• RCT trial 2006-2009• National roll out since 2009• Approved for WG funding

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defenders of the victim

outsiders

assistants of the bully

victim

reinforcers of the bully

12%

8%

20%

7%

17%

24%bully

Participant roles in bullying (Salmivalli et al., 1996)

Background of KiVa: The social architecture of bullying

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In order to reduce bullying...

We do not necessarily need to change the victims, making them ”less vulnerable”

UNIVERSAL Influencing the behavior of classmates can reduce the

rewards gained by the bullies and consequently, their motivation to bully in the first place

INDICATEDHowever, the victims need to feel that they are heard and helped by the adults at schoolThe bullies need to be confronted for their unacceptable behavior

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Repeating & testing of what has been learnt – ”I KNOW”

Learning to take action – ”I CAN”

Motivation – ”I DO”

KiVa games and KiVa Street are closely connected to student lessons

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RCT: Success of the indicated actions

The proportion of cases handled by the school team in which bullying... Stopped completely 79.4% Decreased 18.5% Remained the same 1.9% Increased 0.3%

Garandeau et al., Tackling acute cases of bullying: Comparison of two methods in the context of the KiVa antibullying program.

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Scaling up

2009: 1450 schools 2010: + 810 schools 2011: + 200 schools + Åland Island

82% of comprehensive schools in the country have adopted KIVa

About 7500-8000 teachers and other school personnel trained face-to-face

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Main conclusions (broad rollout) Effects weaker than in RCT, but still

significant (for victimization, OR= 1.21, 95% CI=1.12-1.31), with much variation across grade levels

Again, strongest effects in grade 4 and weakest in secondary school (grades 7-9)

Generalized to Finnish population of 500,000 students, the effects of this size would mean a reduction of 12000 victims and 8000 bullies after nine months of KiVa implementation

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Current pilot in Wales Small scale KESS funded evaluation,

CEBEI – Suzy Clarkson Mres 7 schools in North Wales, 3 schools in

Cheshire, 7 schools in South Wales Trained by Christina in May 2012, Unit 2

curriculum in English 9 – 11 yos The 17 schools completed baseline pupil

survey and are implementing programme, and very enthusiastic about the lessons

Only one bullying incident addressed so far 8

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RCT funding from March 2013• Welsh Big Lottery Funding 2013 - 2015Project Partners, Dartington Social Research Unit, CEBEI and CEIT• 20 primary schools (from across Wales)• To implement and evaluate the entire KiVa primary school curriculum (Units 1 and 2) (all of KS2, years 3 - 6)• Randomised allocation of schools• 10 schools to implement 2013 and 20 schools to implement in 2014•Meetings with Christina in March to identify interested schools 9

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Aims and outcomes

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• Reduce bullying, measured by pupil self-report – online survey

• Reduce victimisation, measured by pupil self-report – online survey

• Improved mental well-being, measured by Child and Teacher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

• Improved school attendance, measured in terms of half day sessions missed