26
Legal Framework for Digital Content Prof. dr. Mindaugas Kiškis Mykolas Romeris university

Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

 

Citation preview

Page 1: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Legal  Framework  for  Digital  Content  

Prof.  dr.  Mindaugas  Kiškis  Mykolas  Romeris  

university  

Page 2: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Three  dimensions  of  the  Digital  Content  

 Legal  –  legal  framework  

Economic  –  business  models  

Technological  –  delivery  

plaEorms  and  formats  

Page 3: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

TradiFonal  Content  

• TV  &  Radio  • Print  media  • Audio/Video  on  physical  media  (CDs,  DVDs,  etc.)    • SoOware  ?  

Page 4: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Main  features  of  the  tradiFonal  content  

•  Local  –  geographically  limited  distribuFon  •  Physically  fixed  –  TV  can  be  seen  only  on  TV  box;  •  Single-­‐plaEorm  –  CD  can  be  played  on  a  CD  player,  but  not  on  smartphone.  •  TradiFonal  business  models  (hardcover  à  paperback;  cinema  à  DVD  àTV)  

 

Page 5: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Ways  in  which  tradiFonal  content  is  regulated  

•  BroadcasFng  and  spectrum  regulaFons  •  Intellectual  property  regulaFons  (licensing,  collecFve  administraFon...)  

•  Media  regulaFons  and  media  licenses  •  Cultural/ethical  regulaFons  (naFonal  content  requirements,  explicit  content)  

•  AdverFsing  regulaFons  •  Consumer  protecFon  (pay  TV  and  pay-­‐per-­‐view,  and  other  added  value  services)  

 

Page 6: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Technological  development  

•  Technology  enabled:  – Add-­‐on  digital  (cable  and  telecom  content  services)  – New  models  (internet/cloud  based  digital  content)  

• Hardware  in  many  ways  ahead  of  the  content  availability  

   

Page 7: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Digital  content    

•  Inherently  global,  inherently  mulFplaEorm,  inherently  fluid  •  EnFrely  new  forms  of  content  creaFon  and  distribuFon  • New  ways  of  consumpFon  (ad  free,  binge  viewing,  over  the  air  TV  streaming  to  the  internet)  •  Fully  two  way  interacFve    

Page 8: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Trends  of  the  digital  content  

• App  stores  –  digital  supermarkets  for  all  kinds  of  content  (soOware,  music,  ebooks,  video)  • NeElix,  Hulu,  SpoFfy,  Xbox  Live,  etc.  –  digital  bouFques  for  some  types  of  content  

Page 9: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Original  content  is  increasingly  being  produced  by  the  plaEorms  

Page 10: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Subsidised  hardware  

Page 11: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Simultaneous  mulF-­‐plaEorm  consumpFon  

Page 12: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Bespoke  content  for  individual  consumer  

   

Page 13: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

TradiFonal  vs.  digital  content  •  Digital  content  is  overtaking  the  tradiFonal  content  faster  

than  ever,  but  not  evenly  in  all  areas  •  Lack  of  compeFFon  for  the  tradiFonal  content  –  higher  prices  

and  lesser  quality  •  Consumers  are  finding  ways  to  access  and  consume  digital  

content  •  Cyberspace  whether  we  want  it  or  not  is  the  instant  global  

marketplace  -­‐  if  no  legal  sources  are  available,  illegal  sources  take  over  instantly  

•  Unexpected  compeFFon  (all  content  competes  for  our  Fme  –  thus,  ads  on  the  internet  compete  with  TV  ads)  

 

Page 14: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Novel  risks  of  digital  content  

•  Intellectual  property  infringement  • DRM  – Unjust  restricFons  on  consumers  – New  ways  to  restrict  compeFFon  

•  Privacy      

Page 15: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Legal  framework  for  content  

•  Based  on  the  tradiFonal  rules  of  the  copyright  law,  contract  law,  product  law,  advertsing  law  and  consumer  law  

•  NaFonal  jurisdicFon  based  •  Strictly  naFonal  language    •  NaFonal  collecFng  socieFes  for  licensing  •  High  compliance  and  market  entry  costs  •  28  different  regimes  in  the  EU  alone      

Page 16: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

This  leads  to  digital  content  delays/absence  in  smaller  markets  

•  Itunes  in  LT  only  in  2011  • SpoFfy  in  LT  only  in  2013  and  limited  • NeElix,  etc.  –  never  ?      

Page 17: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Consequences  of  delays/absence  •  New  content  is  late  (late  culture  =  late  innovaFon)  •  Consumers  are  finding  ways  to  access  and  consume  digital  content  (giO  cards,  proxy  servers,  illegal  sources,  etc.)  

•  LegiFmate  sources  enter  grey  area  (serving  cross  border,  although  not  licensed,  not  complying  with  local  adverFsing,  language  and  consumer  regulaFons)  

•  Limited  compeFFon  for  the  tradiFonal  content,  resulFng  in  higher  prices  and  lesser  quality  

   

Page 18: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Can  we  correct  for  this  through  regulaFon?  

•   We  parFally  can  • Full  correcFon  only  possible  only  through  combinaFon  with  new  economic  models  and  enabing  technologies  

Page 19: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Designing  the  legal  regime  for  the  digital  content  

InternaFonal  level  

SupranaFonal  level  –  the  EU  

NaFonal  level  

Page 20: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

InternaFonal  level  

• AddiFonal  protocol  of  the  Cybercrime  ConvenFon  • Movement  towards  unified  principles  of  the  freedom  of  speech/expression  

Page 21: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

SupranaFonal  level  •  Single  EU  Market  for  the  digital  content  shall  be  the  

underlying  principle  –  currently  content  industries  are  in  many  way  exempt  from  Single  Market  

•  Single  market  needs  single  jurisdicFon  and  single  compliance  mechanism  

•  The  EU  jurisdicFon  may  be  an  opFon,  but  it  will  take  too  long  •  Instead  we  shall  adopt  reciprocal  compliance  principle  •  If  legal  compliance  is  achieved  in  one  EU  country,  it  shall  be  

accepted  as  sufficient  in  the  other  countries  (US  model  ?)    •  The  providers  shall  be  disallowed  to  distribute  content  based  

on  country  exclusivity  

Page 22: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Current  EU  inFFaFves  

• EU  rights  management  direcFve  – DraO  presented  in  2012  – Vastly  inadequate  

• Personal  data  regulaFon  – Ignoring  digital  content  needs  

• No  comprehensive  regulaFon  

Page 23: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

NaFonal  level  

• We  have  to  recognize  the  limits  of  naFonal  regulaFon  (not  possible  to  control  technology  and  cross-­‐border  access)  • OverregulaFon  results  in  expatriaFon  •  The  law  shall  no  unjustly  protect  incumbents  

Page 24: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

NaFonal  level  •  We  have  to  rely  more  on  the  freedom  of  agreement  is  some  areas,  but  limit  the  freedom  in  other  areas  

•  ProacFvely  addressing  the  compliance/bureaucracy  Fme  and  expense  

•  PrevenFng  anFcompeFFve  behavior  (country  exclusivity  in  the  Single  market)  

•  Consumers  shall  have  the  freedom  to  accept  content  in  the  foreign  language  (not  the  language  of  the  content,  but  the  legal  language)  

   

Page 25: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Why  proacFve  regulaFon  on  digital  content  is  necessary  and  urgent  

•  Lost  (pirate)  generaFon  in  smaller  countries/markets  •  Lost  investment/advantage  in  broadband/fiber  •  Cultural  diversity  • More  compeFFon  –  bejer  value  and  quality  •  New  opportuniFes  for  naFonal  content  

Page 26: Kiskis em last jd workshop nov 2013 legal framework for digital content

Thank  you  for  your  ajenFon  !  

[email protected]