KINGSWOOD WARREN KINGSWOOD SURREY · 2014-10-29 · evaluation for Nexus Heritage on behalf of Octagon Developments Limited at Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey (centred on NGR:

KINGSWOOD WARREN

KINGSWOOD SURREY

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

For

NEXUS HERITAGE

on behalf of

OCTAGON DEVELOPMENTS LIMITED

CA PROJECT: 3308 CA REPORT: 10238

JANUARY 2011

KINGSWOOD WARREN KINGSWOOD

SURREY

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

CA PROJECT: 3308 CA REPORT: 10238

prepared by Tim Havard, Project Officer

date 14 January 2011

checked by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork


approved by Mark Collard, Head of Contracts

signed


issue 01

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely

at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ

Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail: [email protected]

© Cotswold Archaeology Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

CONTENTS

SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8) .......................................................................................... 7

3. DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 10

4. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 11

5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 11

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS..................................................................... 12

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS............................................................................................... 18

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ........................................................................... 19

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:50,000)

Fig. 2 Trench location plan (1:2000)

Fig. 3 Area A showing archaeological features (1:500)

Fig. 4 Area B north showing archaeological features (1:500)

Fig. 5 Area B south showing archaeological features (1:500)

Fig. 6 Trenches 22 and 22: plans and photographs (1:100)

Fig. 7 Trenches 31 and 34: plans and photographs (1:100)

Fig. 8 Sections (1:20)

1


SUMMARY

Project Name: Kingswood Warren

Location: Kingswood, Surrey

NGR: TQ 2460 5580

Type: Evaluation

Date: 13-21 Dec 2010

Planning Reference: APP/L3625/A/09/2118923

Location of Archive: To be deposited with Guildford Museum

Accession Number: AG 24239

Site Code: KWK 10

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in December 2010

at Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey. Thirty-two trenches were excavated.

The earliest finds consisted of two pieces of unstratified worked flint. However, no other

prehistoric artefacts or associated features were identified. The footings of garden buildings

of probable late 19th-century date were revealed in trenches to the west and south of the

existing Kingswood Warren house. To the east of the house evidence for probably modern

woodland planting was also recorded.

2


1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In December 2010 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological

evaluation for Nexus Heritage on behalf of Octagon Developments Limited at

Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey (centred on NGR: TQ 2463 5588; Fig. 1).

The evaluation was undertaken as a required condition (Condition No. 15) of

planning consent for the construction of 14 new dwellings and the conversion of the

existing mansion into eight new dwelling units (Appeal Ref.

APP/L3625/A/09/2118923).

1.2 A detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) for Archaeological Mitigation

Earthwork Survey and Evaluation Trenching was produced by Nexus Heritage

(Nexus Heritage 2010a) and approved by Tony Howe, Archaeological Officer,

Surrey County Council Heritage Team. This report covers the Evaluation Trenching

element of the Scheme, the Earthworks Survey results being contained within a

separate report which should be read in conjunction with this report (Nexus Heritage

2011). The fieldwork was carried out in accordance with the WSI and a subsequent

Statement of Compliance (Nexus Heritage 2010c). It also followed the Standard and

Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2008), the Management of

Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research

Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006).

The site

1.3 The site (Fig. 2) lies at approximately 170m AOD, is generally flat and is bounded on

all sides by large residential properties.

1.4 The site comprises an area of approximately 7.6ha consisting of the existing

mansion, areas of hardstanding for car parks, garden features, an area of trees and

shrubs, several areas of recently demolished buildings and a large grassed area to

the east of the mansion.

1.5 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as Cretaceous chalk with

quaternary deposits of clay with flints (Nexus 2010, 4). The geological strata

encountered during the evaluation was variable, but in general consisted of clay,

with rare flint inclusions in places, as well as sands and gravels.

3


Archaeological background

1.6 The archaeological potential of the site has been investigated in a desk-based

assessment compiled by Nexus Heritage (Nexus Heritage 2010b) and is

summarised below.

1.7 A number of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic artefacts have been discovered on

Banstead Heath, to the east of the site. The intensity of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic

artefacts found within Banstead Heath suggests that there is likely to be prehistoric

activity in the area, but due to the lack of archaeological investigations undertaken in

the vicinity no artefacts have been identified beyond the Heath. Neolithic implements

have also been uncovered in Banstead Heath. Outside of Banstead Heath in Sandy

Lane, to the south of the site, various Mesolithic to Bronze Age artefacts and flint

scatters are located.

1.8 The site does not contain any known Bronze Age artefacts, but a number of possible

barrows have been identified on the western and northern edge of Banstead Heath.

The site does not contain any known archaeological remains, structures, deposits,

features or artefacts from the Iron Age, Roman, Saxon or early medieval periods.

During the medieval period the area was woodland utilised for hunting, and although

four possible medieval Holloways have been identified in the vicinity, the site itself

does not contain any known medieval remains.

1.9 During the post-medieval period the site was transformed from woodland to a large

estate complex. At its peak Kingswood Warren consisted of 2,100 acres (c. 900

hectares) and had a substantial Victorian garden landscape, including extensive

kitchen gardens, croquet lawn, pasture lawn, an American Garden, secluded

woodland walks and a Rhododendron garden. The first known house was called

Old Warren and garden and was built in 1808. In 1835 Thomas Alcock built a new

house on the estate, which was heavily modified in the 1870s and survives today.

Archaeological objectives and research design

1.10 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the character, quality, date and

extent of any archaeological remains or deposits surviving within the site. This

information will assist the local planning authority in making an informed judgement

4


on the significance of the archaeological resource, and the likely impact upon it of

the proposed development.

1.11 The primary research aims and objectives of the archaeological evaluation

trenches are:

To determine, as far as is reasonably possible, the location, extent, date, character,

condition, significance and quality of any surviving archaeological remains on the

site.

To establish the nature and extent of existing disturbance and intrusion to sub-

surface deposits and, where the data allows, assess the degree of archaeological

survival of buried deposits of archaeological significance.

Insofar as possible within methodological constraints, to explain any temporal, spatial

or functional relationships between the structures/remains identified, and any

relationships between these and the archaeological and historic elements of the

wider landscape.

1.12 The supplementary aims of the archaeological evaluation are:

To create knowledge which is of value to several constituencies under the over-

arching imperative to advance society’s understanding of the historic environment.

To build experience by contributing to continuous improvement in best practice.

To build for the future by effectively disseminating the project results and archiving

them for the benefit of future generations and their needs with regards to

management and enjoyment of the historic environment.

Where the data allows, establish a reconstruction of the site’s history and formation

processes.

Where the data allows, to identify the research implications of the site with reference

to the regional research agenda and recent work in the area.

Methodology

1.13 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 32 trenches measuring 1.6m wide (see

Appendix A for dimensions), in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2).

The location and lengths of several trenches to the north, west and south of the

5


house had to be altered from the originally proposal due to the presence of live

services, areas of possible contamination, and several large heaps of demolition

rubble. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using a

Leica 1200 series SmartRover GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical

Manual 4 Survey Manual (2009).

1.14 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless

grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant

archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or

the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Within each of the proposed

house plots machine-excavated sondages were cut to a depth of between 1-2m

below existing ground level (begl; locations shown on Figs 3-5), and the excavated

material examined to establish the presence/absence of any Palaeolithic material,

although in the event none was identified. Where archaeological deposits were

encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual

1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).

1.15 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with

CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other

Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003) and no deposits were identified that

required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with

Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (1995). Spoil

heaps were scanned with a metal detector for ferrous and non-ferrous metallic

objects, but no objects were recovered.

1.16 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their

offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will

be deposited with Guildford Museum under accession number AG 24239 along with

the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix

C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in

Britain.

6


2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8)

2.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of

the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively.

2.2 For ease of description the site has been divided into two main areas, Areas A and

B (Figs 2-5). As no archaeological features were present in trenches 35 and 36,

located to the west of Area A, these are illustrated only on Figure 2, and are not

described further below. Area A contains trenches 22, 24, 26, 27, 31, 33 and 34

located to the south and west of the existing house. Area B contains trenches 1-21,

25 and 29 in a field to the east of the building. Several trenches within Area B were

split into smaller lengths due to the frequent services encountered, particularly in the

southern part of the area.

2.3 The locations of the deeper machine-excavated sondages, to investigate the

presence/absence and nature of Palaeolithic material within the natural soil matrix,

are shown on Figures 3-5. A total of 10 sondages was excavated, and despite visual

scanning of the excavated material no artefacts were recovered.

Area A (Figs 2, 3, 6 & 7)

2.4 Trenches 24 and 26 were located within the footprint of recently demolished

buildings which had been constructed in the post-war period. Trenches 22, 27, 31,

33 and 34 were sited in grassed areas which had not been affected by modern

construction.

2.5 No archaeological features were present in trenches 26, 27 and 34.

Trench 22 (Figs 3 & 6)

2.6 Natural clayey sands and gravels were revealed at 0.36m below existing ground

level (begl). A compacted chalk surface 2209 was identified towards the south-

eastern extent of trench 22. This measured approximately 0.09m in depth, was

contained within cut 2210 and sloped moderately downwards towards the south-east

end of the trench. It was sealed by a thin silty layer 2208 and several successive

layers 2207, 2206, 2205, 2204 and 2203 of deliberate backfill and levelling.

7



2.7 Natural clayey sandy gravels were revealed at 0.59m begl. A probable levelling layer

2406/2410 was observed in section towards the western extent of trench 24. It was

cut by the construction cut 2407 for a truncated brick wall 2402 (set on a concrete

foundation 2409). This was aligned approximately north-east/south-west and was

butted on its eastern side by a compacted brick rubble surface 2405. Both 2402 and

2405 were sealed by modern demolition deposits 2403/2404.


2.8 Natural clay 3104 was cut by truncated brick wall footing 3105, located towards the

eastern extent of trench 31, which lay on approximately a north-east/south-west

alignment. Three further short pieces of truncated wall footing 3106 (set within

construction cut 3109), 3107 (set within construction cut 3110) and 3108 lay

approximately 2m to the west of 3105. All features were sealed by modern

demolition deposit 3103.


2.9 Natural sandy clay 3303 was covered by levelling layers, 3314/3315/3321 and 3320,

recorded centrally within trench 33. These deposits were cut by several brick built

structures.

2.10 A probable brick built soakaway 3317 was cut through levelling deposits 3315 and

3320. The three observed sides were constructed of a single brick width to a depth

of at least seven stretcher bonded courses. Safety considerations prevented

excavation to the base of this feature but it was demonstrated to have been

backfilled by demolition deposit 3319 from which a small amount of modern

artefactual material was recovered. An opening, approximately 0.4m wide was cut

into the north-western corner of the soakaway and displayed worn edges suggesting

prolonged use of the opening. The location of the opening correlated with the

location of demolition cut 3329 which ran away from the opening on a north/south

alignment.

2.11 Two brick wall footings, 3322 and 3324 lay perpendicular to each other and were cut

through deposit 3321. Both structures were butted to the south and west by a further

levelling deposit 3326.

8


2.12 Brick wall footing 3313 lay on broadly a north-west/south-east dog legged alignment

immediately adjacent to probable soakaway 3317 although no relationship was

established between the two structures.

2.13 A heavily disturbed brick wall footing 3307 lay on a north/south alignment and had

been completely destroyed beyond its southern extent by demolition cut 3328. This

demolition cut had also removed the eastern extent of a previous demolition or

robber cut 3327 which lay perpendicular to footing 3307.

2.14 Brick wall footing 3304 lay at the north-western extent of the trench on a east/west

alignment.

Area B (Figs 4, 5 & 8)

2.15 A series of probable tree planting holes were recorded throughout Area A. These

were all between 0.5m and 0.65m in diameter, were cut into the natural substrate to

a depth of between 0.08 and 0.15m and all had a fill similar in composition to the

existing topsoil. All of theses features were excavated, but due to their common

repetitious nature a representative selection were recorded. No artefactual material

was retrieved from any of these features.

2.16 A tree bole 609 was recorded towards the centre of trench 6. This contained a single

mixed silty fill from which no artefactual material was recovered.

2.17 A modern ditch, 1103, was recorded in trench 11 and was cut through the existing

topsoil and was interpreted as a modern service trench.

The Finds and Palaeoenvironmental Evidence

2.18 Small quantities of artefactual material mainly of modern date were recovered from

three deposits (Appendix B). The finds include prehistoric worked flints and pottery,

vessel glass, ceramic building material, metal objects and a coin, all of modern date.

Due to the modern date and/or the unstratified nature of the finds none or this

material will be retained.

9


2.19 Worked flint was recovered as unstratified finds: a possible core fragment is very

heavily rolled; the second piece, a secondary flake found in the topsoil of Trench 29,

exhibits some light edge damage. Neither piece is closely dateable.

2.20 Pottery and porcelain of modern date was identified from two deposits. Material from

deposit 3103 consists of plain refined whiteware, porcelain with transfer-print

decoration and yellow green painted decoration. Unglazed flowerpot-type

earthenware was identified from 3319. All is dateable to the 19th to 20th centuries.

2.21 A modern coin was recovered from deposit 3103. This was identifiable as a

threepence of George V and is dated 1931.

3. DISCUSSION

Prehistoric

3.1 Despite the high potential for prehistoric material identified in the DBA and detailed

examination of material from the 10 deeper machine-excavated sondages across

the site, the presence of only a single worked flint flake from topsoil in Trench 29,

together with one unstratified core, suggests there was little in the way of prehistoric

activity within the site. Although later development of the site may have removed

prehistoric features and disturbed artefacts, a greater scatter of residual prehistoric

artefacts might be expected had the area been settled.

Post-medieval

3.2 The location and alignment of the wall footings recorded in trenches 24, 31 and 33

correlates to the position of greenhouses and other garden buildings (Nexus

Heritage 2010b, 24 & Fig. 16) constructed in the late 19th-century. The footings

recorded in trenches 31 and 33 have survived as they were located in an area that is

currently grassed and was not affected by post-war demolition and development

following the BBC purchase of the property (ibid, 30). However, the truncated

footings encountered in Trench 24 suggest that earlier remains were not entirely

truncated by that redevelopment.

3.3 The interpretation of the chalk surface 2209 recorded in trench 22 remains slightly

problematic. It is unlikely that it represents a metalled hollow way or track as the

slope of the surface would drain to the centre of the track. The location of the feature

10

© Cotswold Archaeology

11

Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

does not correlate with anything displayed on the cartographic evidence in the DBA.

It is possible that the surface represented a garden feature infilled during a later

phase of landscaping although further exposure of the surface would be needed to

confirm this.

3.4 The repetitious nature of the tree planting holes encountered in Area B are

suggestive of deliberate tree planting as part of a phase of landscaping. The

similarity of the fills to the existing topsoil in Area B, and the existing saplings

present in the northern part of the Area, are indicative of a modern date for these

features.

4. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Tim Havard, assisted by Sam Hall, Martin Harrington,

Diarmuid O Seaneachain, Jon Pick, Jerry Stone, Iza Romanowska and Tom Weavill.

The report was written by Tim Havard. The illustrations were prepared by Peter

Moore. The archive has been compiled by Tim Havard, and prepared for deposition

by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Simon Cox.

5. REFERENCES

Nexus Heritage 2010a Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Written Scheme of

Investigation for Archaeological Mitigation Earthwork Survey and Evaluation

Trenching

Nexus Heritage 2010b Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Archaeological Desk-Based

Assessment

Nexus Heritage 2010c Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Statement of Compliance

Nexus Heritage 2011 Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Earthwork Survey


APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench 1 Length 30m No. Type Description Length

(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date

100 Layer Topsoil 0.22

101 Layer Subsoil: mid grey brown silty clay with rare chalk inclusions

0.12

102 Layer Natural substrate: dark yellow orange silty clay with frequent chalk and flint inclusions

>1.2m


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


201 Layer Subsoil: as 101 0.12

202 Layer Natural substrate: dark orange silty clay with yellow sand pockets

>0.1


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


301 Layer Subsoil: mid grey brown silty clay 0.12

302 Layer Natural substrate: as 202 >0.1


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


401 Layer Subsoil: dark orange brown silty clay 0.12

402 Layer Natural substrate: mid orange sand with grey white clay pockets

>1.2


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


501 Layer Subsoil: dark orange brown sandy silt 0.16

502 Layer Natural substrate: mid orange yellow sandy gravel >0.1

503 Fill Single fill of 504: dark grey clay silt 0.65 0.61 0.12

504 Cut Cut for tree planting hole: sub-circular in plan, steeply sloped sides and flat base

0.65 0.61 0.12


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


601 Layer Subsoil: dark grey brown silty clay 0.15

602 Layer Natural substrate: mid yellow orange clay with rare flint inclusions

0.29

12


603 Layer Natural substrate:as 602 >0.78

604 Fill Single fill of 605: dark brown grey silty clay 0.5 0.5 0.06

605 Cut Cut for tree planting hole: sub-circular in plan, shallow sloped sides and flat base

0.5 0.5 0.06

606 Fill Single fill of 607: dark brown grey silty clay 0.6 0.6 0.08

607 Cut Cut for tree planting hole: sub-circular in plan, shallow sloped sides and flat base

0.6 0.6 0.08

608 Fill Single fill of 609: dark brown black silty clay 1.66 1.26 0.12

609 Cut Cut for probable tree bole: sub-circular in plan, steeply sloped sides and flat base

1.66 1.26 0.12


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



702 Layer Natural substrate: dark orange silty clay with yellow silty clay patches

>0.16


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



802 Layer Natural substrate: dark orange silty clay with yellow sand patches

>1.2


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



902 Layer Natural substrate: mid white yellow sandy clay with dark orange clay patches

>0.1


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


1001 Layer Subsoil: mid to dark grey brown silty sand 0.15

1002 Layer Natural substrate: dark white yellow clay gravel with orange sand pockets

>0.15


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


1101 Layer Subsoil: dark grey brown silty clay 0.23

1102 Layer Natural substrate: orange clayey sand with rare flint patches

>0.1

1103 Cut Ditch cut: linear in plan aligned E-W, moderately sloped sides with flat base. Cut through topsoil

>1.6 1.6 0.69

1104 Fill Single fill of 1103: mid black brown clay silt >1.6 1.6 0.69

13


Trench 12 Length 30m

No. Type Description Length (m)

Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



1202 Layer Natural substrate: mid white yellow sandy clay >1.2


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


1301 Layer Subsoil: mid grey brown clay silt 0.2

1302 Layer Natural substrate: mid orange clay sand >0.1


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


1401 Layer Subsoil: mid brown silty clay 0.12

1402 Layer Natural substrate: mid white yellow clay with gravel pockets

>0.12


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



1502 Layer Natural substrate: mid orange clay with white yellow sand pockets

>1.2


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


1601 Layer Tarmac under 1600 0.13

1602 Layer Subsoil: grey brown sandy clay, under 1601 0.26

1603 Layer Natural substrate: yellow orange sandy clay >0.15


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



1702 Layer Natural substrate: mid orange brown sandy clay >0.16


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



1802 Layer Natural substrate: mid to light orange clay with yellow sand pockets

>1.2

14


Trench 19 Length 30m


Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date





(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date





(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


2101 Layer Levelling layer comprising re-deposited topsoil, subsoil and natural.

0.48



2104 Cut Cut for tree planting hole: sub-circular in plan, steep sides with a flat base

0.82 0.74 0.18

2105 Fill Mid black brown silty clay 0.82 0.74 0.18


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


2201 Layer Subsoil: mid brown silty clay 0.19

2202 Layer Natural substrate: mid white yellow clayey sand and gravels

>1.1

2203 Layer Modern levelling: dark brown silty clay with frequent irregular stone inclusions

0.3

2204 Layer Levelling layer: black clayey silt 0.18

2205 Layer Levelling layer: dark orange brown silty sand 0.22

2206 Layer Levelling layer: dark brown clay silt 0.32

2207 Layer Levelling layer: mid brown clay silt 0.15

2208 Layer Dark grey clay silt sealing 2209 0.15

2209 Layer Compacted chalk surface 0.09

2210 Cut Construction cut for laying of 2209 >7.86 >1.6 0.93


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date

2401 Layer Demolition rubble 0.3

2402 Structure Two courses of brick wall footing aligned NE-SW >1.7 0.3 0.14

2403 Layer Demolition deposit 0.1

2404 Layer Demolition deposit 0.1

2405 Surface Compacted brick rubble surface butting 2402 >1.7 1.1 0.11

2406 Layer Levelling layer: dark grey brown sandy clay sealing 2411

0.25

15


2407 Cut Construction cut for 2409/2402 >1.7 0.3 0.14

2408 Fill Backfill of 2407: dark brown sandy clay 0.27

2409 Layer Concrete foundation for2409/2402 0.12

2410 Layer Same deposit as 2406

2411 Layer Natural substrate: mid orange brown sandy clay >1.2


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date





(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



2602 Layer Natural substrate: dark orange sandy clay >0.15


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


2701 Layer Subsoil: mid orange brown sandy clay 0.31

2702 Layer Natural substrate: mid brown orange sandy clay 0.1


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



2902 Layer Natural substrate: dark orange clay with yellow sand patches

>1.2

2903 Cut Cut for tree planting hole, sub-circular in plan, steep sides and flat base

0.31 0.29 0.09

2904 Fill Single fill of 2903: dark grey brown silty clay 0.31 0.29 0.09


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date

3100 Layer Modern rubble levelling layer sealing 3101 0.25


3102 Layer Subsoil: mid yellow brown sandy clay 0.3

3103 Layer Modern levelling layer 0.3

3104 Layer Natural substrate: mid red orange clay >0.3

3105 Structure Brick wall footing, single surviving course of stretcher bond. No construction cut visible

>1.6 0.14 0.1

3106 Structure Brick wall footing, single surviving course of header bond

>0.36 0.24 >0.15

3107 Structure Brick wall footing single surviving course of stretcher bond

1.4 0.22 0.29

3108 Structure Brick wall footing, four surviving courses, 0.46 >0.28 0.32

16


uncertain bond. No construction cut visible

3109 Cut Construction cut for 3106 >0.37 0.28 >0.15

3110 Cut Construction cut for 3107 1.45 0.28 0.30


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


3302 Layer Demolition rubble sealed by 3300 0.39

3303 Layer Natural substrate: light yellow brown sandy clay >0.9

3304 Structure Brick wall footing, single surviving course of header bond

>1.24 0.2 0.18

3305 Cut Construction cut for 3304 >1.24 0.32 0.18

3306 Fill Backfill of construction cut:3305 mid grey brown sandy clay

0.18

3307 Structure Brick wall footing, single surviving course of probable stretcher bond

1.88 0.2 0.1

3308 Cut Construction cut for 3307 >2.4 0.34 >0.1

3309 Fill Backfill of construction cut 3308 >0.1

3310 Fill Fill of 3327: compacted chalk rubble >0.8 0.52 Unexc

3311 Fill Backfill of demolition cut 3328 2.78 >1.12 >0.31

3312 Layer Demolition deposit butting wall 3313 2.12 >0.84 >0.1

3313 Structure Brick wall footing at least one surviving course appears stretcher bond

1.78 0.14 Unexc

3314 Layer Mid orange brown sandy clay with occasional brick fragments cut by 3332 and 3329

0.08

3315 Layer Same as 3314

3316 Fill Backfill of demolition cut 3329 >1.46 0.86 >0.65

3317 Structure Brick wall footing of possible soakaway, at least seven surviving courses of stretcher bond

>3.44 0.1 >0.6

3318 Cut Construction cut for 3317 mostly trench built >3.44 0.1 >0.6

3319 Fill Demolition backfill infilling structure formed by 3317

>0.75

3320 Layer Chalk levelling deposit >0.05

3321 Layer Same deposit as 3315

3322 Structure Brick wall footing at least one course of stretcher bond

0.82 0.2 >0.14

3323 Cut Construction cut for wall 3322 0.82 0.2 0.14

3324 Structure Brick wall footing at least one course of stretcher bond

>0.9 0.2 0.14

3325 Cut Construction cut for wall 3324 >0.9 0.2 0.14

3326 Layer Mid brown clay sand levelling layer butting walls 3322 and 3324

0.14

3327 Cut Probable demolition/robber cut filled by 3310 >0.8 0.52 Unexc

3328 Cut Demolition cut truncating wall 3307 and filled by 3311

2.78 >1.12 >0.31

3329 Cut Probable demolition cut filled by 3316 >1.46 0.86 >0.65


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date


3401 Layer Subsoil mid orange brown silty clay 0.29

3402 Layer Natural substrate: mid orange sandy clay >0.1

17


Trench 35 Length 6m


Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date



3502 Layer Buried topsoil 0.26

3503 Layer Buried subsoil: dark yellow brown silty clay 0.4

3504 Layer Natural substrate: mid orange brown sandy clay with frequent gravel

>0.1


(m) Width (m)

Depth (m)

Spot-date




3603 Layer Buried topsoil 0.3

3604 Layer Buried subsoil: as 3503 0.35

3605 Layer Natural substrate: light brown yellow sandy clay >0.1

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Description Count Weight(g) Date

u.s. worked flint: flake core (rolled) 1 82 - 2900 worked flint: flake 1 13 -

Iron nail 1 13 light bulb; bayonet fitting 1 18

3103

Modern coin: threepence 1 2

Modern pottery: refined whiteware 4 154

C20

Ceramic building material: tile with mortar 1 209 Iron object 1 189

3319

Modern pottery: flowerpot 2 49 3 24

C19-C20

Modern vessel glass

18

© Cotswold Archaeology

19

Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS Project Name Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

Short description

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in December 2010 at Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey. Thirty-two trenches were excavated. The earliest finds consisted of two pieces of unstratified worked flint. However, no other prehistoric artefacts or associated features were identified. The footings of garden buildings of probable late 19th-century date were revealed in trenches to the west and south of the existing Kingswood Warren house. To the east of the house evidence for probably modern woodland planting was also recorded.

Project dates 13-21 Dec 2010 Project type

Field Evaluation

Previous work

Desk-based assessment (Nexus Heritage 2010); Earthworks Survey (Nexus Heritage 2011)

Future work Unknown

PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey Study area (M2/ha) Site co-ordinates TQ 2460 5580

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Nexus Heritage Project Design (WSI) originator Nexus Heritage

Project Manager Simon Cox Project Supervisor Tim Havard MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive

Content (e.g. pottery, animal bone etc)

Physical Guildford Museum: accession number AG 24239

Black and white photographs

Paper Guildford Museum: accession number AG 24239

Pro-forma recording sheets; permatrace drawing sheets

Digital Guildford Museum: accession number AG 24239

Digital site plans; digital photographs

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2011 Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 10238

Surrey

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE

N

PROJECT TITLE

SCALEDRAWN BY PROJECT NO. FIGURE NO.

COTSWOLD ARCHAEOLOGY

0 2.5km

Reproduced from the 1998 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with the permissionof Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust 100002109 c

Kingswood Warren, KingswoodSurrey

Site location plan

1:50,000@A4 3308PJM 1

natural 2411natural2411

wall2402

bricksurface2405

make-uplayer

2406/2410

trench continues

for 37m

N

cut2407

trench continues

for 12m

N

natural 2202

2210chalk surface 2209

levellingdeposit2203

Chalk surface 2209 looking west

Wall footing 2402 and brick surface 2405 looking east

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE



0 10m

KingswoodWarren, KingswoodSurrey

Trenches 22 and 24: plansand photographs

1:100@A3 3308PJM 6

Trench 22

Trench 24

wall3324

3303

3321

wall3322

3320

wall3317

3319

3316

3315

3312

33143303

demobackfill3311

robbercut

3327

3303

wall3307

3303

3302

wall3313

wall3304

cut3329

cut3328

construction 3305 cut

wall3105

3104levelling

31033104

3103

wall3106

wall3107

wall3108

natural3104

cut3109

cut3110

modernservice

Wall footing 3105 looking west

Brick structure 3317 looking north west

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE



0 10m


Trenches 31 and 34: plansand photographs

1:100@A3 3308PJM 7

Trench 31

Trench 33

N

N

Measured sketch section of sondage: Trench 15

1500

1501

natural 1502(mid-orange clay withyellow sand pockets)

natural 1502(red-orange clay with

frequent chalk and flintinclusions)

S N170.2m

AOD

2105

2104

Typical tree planting hole - Trench 5 Typical tree planting hole - Trench 21

NE SW170mAOD

504

503

PROJECT TITLE

FIGURE TITLE



0 2m


Sections

1:20@A4 3308PJM 8

Documents

KINGSWOOD WARREN KINGSWOOD SURREY · 2014-10-29 · evaluation for Nexus Heritage on behalf of Octagon Developments Limited at Kingswood Warren, Kingswood, Surrey (centred on NGR: