William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey - Warren Family ... Warenne and...William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia William de Warenne, 1st Earl of

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, (died 1088) was one of the Normanaristocrats who fought at the Battle of Hastings and became great landowners in England.

He was a son of Ralph de Warenne and Emma and a grandnephew of duchess Gunnor,wife of duke Richard I of Normandy. As a young man he helped secure duke William'shold on Normandy, most notably in the campaigns of 1052 through 1054 whichculminated in the Battle of Mortemer. After this battle Roger de Mortemer forfeited mostof his lands, and the duke gave them to William. The de Warenne surname derives fromthe castle of that name on the River Varenne, which flows through the territory Williamacquired in Upper Normandy.

William was one of the nobles who advised duke William when the decision to invadeEngland was being considered. He fought at Hastings, and afterwards received the Rapeof Lewes in Sussex, and subsequently lands in twelve other shires. In addition to thecluster around Lewes, there were clusters around the castles he built at Castle Acre inNorfolk and Conisbrough in Yorkshire. By the time of the Domesday survey he was oneof the wealthiest landholders in England.

William was loyal to William II, and it was probably after the rebellion of 1088 that hewas created Earl of Surrey. He died shortly afterwards of wounds he received whilehelping suppress the rebellion.

He married twice, first to Gundred (Latin: Gundrada), sister of Gerbod, Earl of Chester,and secondly to a sister of Richard Gouet. William and Gundred had three children:William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (d. 1138); Edith de Warenne who marriedGerard de Gournay; and Reynold de Warenne, who inherited lands from his mother inFlanders and died before 1118.

William and Gundred were married around 1070, when her brother Frederick was killedby Hereward the Wake. [edit]

References

Victoria Chandler, "Gundrada de Warenne and the Victorian Gentleman-Scholars", Southern History 12 (1990) 68

Edward A. Freeman, "The Parentage of Gundrada, Wife of William of Warren",English Historical Review 3 (1888) 680-701

C. P. Lewis, "The Earldom of Surrey and the Date of Domesday Book",Historical Research 63 (1990)

Notes on the family of Gerbod, Earl of Chester, and of Gundred, wife of Williamde Warenne, Earl of Surrey

William Warenne, reprinted from the 1917 Dictionary of National Biography

William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of SurreyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 1138), was the son of William deWarenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and his first wife Gundred, daughter of William I, theConqueror. He is more often referred to as Earl Warenne or Earl of Warenne than as Earlof Surrey.

Sometime around 1093 he tried to marry Matilda (or Edith), daughter of king MalcolmIII of Scotland. She instead married Henry I of England, and this may be the cause ofWilliam's great dislike of Henry I, which was to be his apparent motivator in thefollowing years.

He accompanied Robert Curthose in his 1101 invasion of England, and afterwards losthis English lands and titles and was exiled to Normandy. There he complained toCurthose that he expended great effort in the duke's behalf and had in return lost most ofhis possessions. Curthose's return to England in 1103 was apparently made to convincehis brother to restore William's earldom. This was successful, though Curthose had togive up he had received after the 1101 invasion, and subsequently William was loyal toking Henry.

To further insure William's loyalty Henry considered marrying him to one of his manyillegitimate daughters. He was however disuaded by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury,for any of the daughters would have been within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity.The precise nature of the consanguinous relationship Anselm had in mind has been muchdebated, but it is most likely he was referring to common descent from the father ofduchess Gunnor.

William was one of the commanders on Henry's side (against Robert Curthose) at theBattle of Tinchebray in 1106. Afterwards, with his loyalty thus proven, he became moreprominent in Henry's court.

In 1110, Curthose's son William Clito escaped along with Helias of Saint-Saens, andafterwards Warenne received the forfeited Saint-Saens lands, which were very near hisown in upper Normandy. By this maneuver king Henry further assured his loyalty, for thesuccessful return of Clito would mean at the very least Warenne's loss of this newterritory.

He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119, and was at Henry's deathbed 1135.

In 1118 William acquired the royal-blooded bride he desired when married Elizabeth deVermandois. She was a daughter of count Hugh of Vermandois, a son of Henry I ofFrance, and was the widow of Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester.

By Elizabeth he had three sons and two daughters:

William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey; Reginald de Warenne, who inherited his father's property in upper Normandy. He

married Adeline, daughter of William, lord of Wormgay in Norfolk, by whom hehad a son William, whose daughter and sole heir Beatrice married first Dodo, lordBardolf, and secondly Hubert de Burgh;

Ralph de Warenne Gundrada de Warenne, who married first Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of

Warwick, and second William, lord of Kendal, and is most remembered forexpelling king Stephen's garrison from Warwick Castle;

Ada de Warenne, who married Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon

References

C. Warren Hollister, "The Taming of a Turbulent Earl: Henry I and William ofWarenne", Historical Reflections 3 (1976) 83-91

C. Warren Hollister, Henry I (2001)

William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of SurreyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey (d. 1148), was the eldest son of the Williamde Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Elizabeth de Vermandois. He was thus a great-grandson of Henry I of France, and half-brother to Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl ofLeicester, Waleran IV de Beaumont, Count of Meulan, and Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earlof Bedford.

He was generally loyal to king Stephen. He fought at the Battle of Lincoln (1141), andwas one of the leaders of the army that pursued the empress Matilda in her flight fromWinchester, and which captured Robert of Gloucester.

He was one of the nobles that, along with Louis VII of France, took crusading vows atVezelay in 1146, and he accompanied the initial army of the First Crusade the next year.He was killed by a Turkish attack while the army was marching across Anatolia on theirway to the Holy Land.

William married Adela (or Ela), daughter of William Talvas, count of Ponthieu, who wasthe son of Robert of Bellême. They had one child, a daughter, Isabel, who was his heir.She married first William of Blois, second son of king Stephen, and who became earl ofWarenne or Surrey. After he died without children in October 1159, she marriedHamelin, half-brother of Henry II, who also became Earl of Warenne or Surrey. He tookthe de Warenne surname, and their descendants carried on the earldom.

William of Blois

William of Blois (c.1137 – October 11, 1159) was Count of Boulogne (1153-1159) andEarl of Surrey (1153-1159). He was the second son of King Stephen of England andMatilda of Boulogne.

When his elder brother, Eustace IV of Boulogne, died in 1153, William was passed overin the succession to England. His father instead conceded the throne to the young HenryPlantagenet.

The new King Henry was quite generous in his treatment of William of Blois,confirming his possession of the Earldom of Surrey jure uxoris (in right of his wife).

However, Gervase of Canterbury asserts a plot against Henry's life was discovered in1154 among some Flemish mercenaries. The plan was to assassinate Henry inCanterbury, and allegedly William of Blois had knowledge of this plot or was inconnivance with the mercenaries. Whatever the truth, William fled Canterbury andreturned to Normandy.

William of Blois had married Isabella de Warenne, Countess of Surrey in her own right,in 1148. They had no children before his death in 1159. He was succeeded as Count ofBoulogne by his sister Marie. His widow remarried to Hamelin Plantagenet.

Annals of Monte Fernando 1159: "Ob. Willelmus comes Bolonie."

Arms: Gules, three palets vair, on a chief or, an eagle displayed gules membered azure.

Sources

Davis, R.H. King Stephen, 1967

Hamelin de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey

Hamelin de Warenne (1129 - May 7, 1202) was an English nobleman who wasprominent at the courts of the Angevin kings of England, Henry II, Richard I, and John.

He was an illegitimate son of Geoffrey of Anjou, and thus a half-brother of Henry II, andan uncle of Richard I and John. His half-brother Henry gave him one of the wealthiestheiresses in England, Isabella de Warenne, in her own right Countess of Surrey. She wasthe widow of William of Blois. Hamelin and Isabella married in April 1164, and after themarriage he was recognized as Comte de Warenne, that being the customary designationfor what more technically should be Earl of Surrey. In consequence of the marriageHamelin took the de Warenne toponymic, as did his descendants.

Warenne land in England centered around Connisborough in Yorkshire, a location inwhich Hamelin built a powerful castle. He also possessed the third penny of CountySurrey and held the castles of Mortemer and Bellencombre in Normandy.

Hamelin joined in the denunciations of Thomas Becket in 1164, although after Becket'sdeath he became a great believer in Becket's sainthood, having, the story goes, been curedof blindness by the saint's help. In 1167, he escorted his niece Joan of England to Sicilyfor her marriage.

He remained loyal to Henry through all the problems of the later part of the king's reignwhen many nobles deserted him, and continued as a close supporter of his nephewRichard I. During Richard's absence on the Third Crusade, he took the side of the regentWilliam Longchamp. Hamelin appeared in the 2nd coronation of King Richard in 1194and at King John's coronation in 1199.

He died in 1202 and was succeeded by his son William de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey.A daughter, named Adela, was the mistress of her cousin King John of England, and byhim the mother of Richard Fitz Roy.

Sources

Complete Peerage

William de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey


William Plantagenet, otherwise known as William de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey(1166 - 1240), was the son of Hamelin de Warenne and Isabel, daughter of William deWarenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey. His father Hamelin granted him the manor of Appleby, inthe County of Lincoln.

De Warenne was present at the coronation of king John on May the 27th in 1199. WhenNormandy was lost to the French in 1204 he lost his Norman holdings, (in 1202 he waslieutenant of Gascony), but king John of England recompensed him with Grantham andStamford.

His first tenure of office as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports begun in 1204, and lasteduntil 1206. He was also a Warden of Welch marches between 1208-1213.

William was one of the few barons who remained loyal to king John (who was hiscousin) during the king's difficulties with the barons, when they sought for the French

prince to assume the English throne, and is listed as one of those who advised John toaccede to the Magna Carta. His allegiance only faltered a few times when the king's causelooked hopeless.

In March, 1217 he again demonstrated his loyalty to England by supporting the youngking Henry III, he was also responsible for the establishment of the cathedral atSalisbury.

Between the years 1200-1208, and during 1213-1226 he was to serve as the sherriff ofWiltshire. In 1214 he was again appointed Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.

He married Matilda, eldest daughter and later co-heiress of William Marshal, and widowof Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk, thus becoming by marriage the earl of Salisbury.They had a son and a daughter. The son John succeeded his father as earl, while thedaughter, Isabel, married Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel.

William may also have had an earlier, childless marriage to another Matilda, daughter ofWilliam d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel.

John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey


John de Warenne (1231? – September 27, 1304), 7th Earl of Surrey or Warenne, wasprominent during the reigns of Henry III and Edward I. During his long life he fought inthe Second Barons' War and in Edward I's wars in Scotland.

He was the son of William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey or Warenne, and Maud (orMatilda) Marshal. His mother was the daughter of William Marshal and widow of HughBigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk. Thus Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, was his elder half-brother.

Warenne was a boy when his father died, and for the rest of his minority Peter of Savoywas the guardian of his estates. In 1247 he married Henry III's half-sister Alice deLusignan. This marriage was to create resentment amongst the English nobility, who didnot like seeing a wealthy English nobleman marrying a penniless outsider.

During the following years Warenne was closely associated with the court factioncentering on his in-laws. In 1254 he accompanied the king's son Edward (the futureEdward I) on Edward's journey to Spain to marry Eleanor of Castile.

During the conflicts between Henry III and his barons Warenne started as a strongsupporter of the king, switched to support for Simon de Montfort, and then returned tothe royalist party. He opposed the initial baronial reform plan of May 1258, but alongwith other opponents capitulated and took the oath of the Provisions of Oxford.

By 1260 Warenne had joined the party of Simon de Montfort, but switched back to theking's side in 1263. After the Battle of Lewes, which was fought near his castle at Lewes,he fled to the Continent, where he remained for about a year. He returned to fight in thecampaign which culminated in the Battle of Evesham and the siege of Kenilworth Castle.

Warenne served in Edward I's Welsh campaigns in 1277, 1282, and 1283. In 1282 hereceived the lordships of Bromfield and Yale in Wales. A good part of the followingyears were spent in Scotland. He was one of the negotiators for the 1289 treaty ofSalisbury and for the 1290 treaty of Birgham, and accompanied the king on Edward's1296 invasion of Scotland.

On August 22, 1296 the king appointed him "warden of the kingdom and land ofScotland". However he returned to England a few months later claiming that the Scottishclimate was bad for his health. The following spring saw the rebellion of WilliamWallace, and after much delay Warenne led an army northward, where they weredefeated at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Nevertheless the king appointed Warenne captain of the next campaign against the Scotsin early 1298. He raised the siege of Roxburgh and re-took the castle at Berwick. Theking himself took the field later that year, and Warenne was one of the commanders atthe Battle of Falkirk.

Warenne and Alice de Lusignan had three children:

Alice, who married Henry Percy and was the mother of Henry Percy, 1st BaronPercy of Alnwick;

Isabella, who married John Balliol and was the mother of Edward Balliol; William, who married Joanna, daughter of Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford, and

was accidentally killed at a tournament on December 15, 1286; his son Johnsucceeded his grandfather as earl of Surrey.

John de Warenne, 8th Earl of Surrey


John de Warenne (June 30, 1286 – June 1347), 8th Earl of Surrey or Warenne, was thelast Warenne earl of Surrey.

He was the son of William de Warenne, the only son of John de Warenne, 7th Earl ofSurrey. His mother was Joanna, daughter of Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford.

Warenne was only six months old when his father died, and was 7 years old when hismother died. He succeeded his grandfather as earl when he was 19.

He was one of the great nobles offended by the rise of the Edward II's favorite PiersGaveston, and help secure Gaveston's 1308 banishment. The two were somewhatreconciled after Gaveston's return the next year, but in 1311 Warenne was one of thenobles who captured Gaveston. He was however unhappy about Gaveston's execution atthe behest of the earl of Warwick, which pushed him back into the king's camp.

The baronial opposition was led by the king's cousin Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, and heand Warenne became bitter enemies. Private war erupted between the two, and over thenew few years Warenne lost a good part of his estates to Lancaster.

Warenne was one of the four earls who captured the two Roger Mortimers, and in 1322he was one of the nobles who condemned to death the earl of Lancaster.

Warenne and his brother-in-law Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel were the last twoearls to remain loyal to Edward II after the rise to power of Queen Isabella and RogerMortimer. After Arundel's execution he went over to the queen's side, urging Edward II'sabdication in 1327.

He was the guardian of his cousin Edward Balliol, and after Balliol lay claim to theScottish throne, accompanied him on his campaign in Lothian. Balliol created Warenneearl of Strathern, but this was in name only for the properties of the earldom were held byanother claimant.

On May 25, 1306 Warenne married Jeanne of Bar, daughter of count Henry III of Barand Eleanor, eldest daughter of king Edward I of England.

The two were soon estranged and live apart, and had no children, though the marriagewas never dissolved. Warenne instead took up with Matilda de Nerford, by whom he hadseveral illegitimate children, and later with Isabella Holland, sister of Thomas Holland,later earl of Kent.

Warenne died in 1347 and is buried at the monastery of Lewes. He was succeeded as earlby his nephew Richard Fitzalan, who was also earl of Arundel.

Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel


Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel (c. 1307 – January 24, 1376) was an Englishnobleman and military leader.

Fitzalan was the eldest son of Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel, and Alice Warenne.His maternal grandparents were William de Warenne and Joan de Vere. William was theonly son of John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey.

His birthdate is uncertain, but could not have been before 1307. Around 1321, FitzAlan'sfather allied with King Edward II's favorites, the Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl ofWinchester and his namesake son, and Richard was married to Isabel le Despenser,daughter of Hugh the Younger. Fortune turned against the Despenser party, and in 1326,FitzAlan's father was executed, and he did not succeed to his father's estates or titles.

However, political conditions had changed by 1330, and over the next few years Richardwas gradually able to reacquire the Earldom of Arundel as well as the great estates hisfather had held in Sussex and in the Welsh Marches. Beyond this, in 1334 he was madejustice of North Wales (later his term in this office was made for life), sheriff for life ofCaernarvonshire, and governor of Caernarfon Castle.

Despite his high offices in Wales, in the following decades Arundel spent much of histime fighting in Scotland (during the Second Wars of Scottish Independence) and France(during the Hundred Years' War). In 1337, Arundel was made joint commander of theEnglish army in the north, and the next year he was made the sole commander.

In 1340 he fought at the Battle of Sluys, and then at the siege of Tournai. After a shortterm as warden of the Scottish Marches, he returned to the continent, where he fought ina number of campaigns, and was appointed Joint Lieutenant of Aquitaine in 1340.

Arundel was one of the three principal English commanders at the Battle of Crécy. Hespent much of the following years on various military campaigns and diplomatic missions

In 1347 he succeeded to the Earldom of Surrey (or Warenne), which even furtherincreased his great wealth. (He did not however use the additional title until after thedeath of the Dowager Countess of Surrey in 1361.) He made very large loans to KingEdward III but even so on his death left behind a great sum in hard cash.

Arundel married twice. His first wife (as mentioned above), was Isabella Despenser. Herepudiated her, and had the marriage annulled on the grounds that he had never freelyconsented to it. After the annulment he married Eleanor of Lancaster, daughter of Henry,3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth.

By his first marriage he had one son, Edmund Arundel, who was bastardized by theannulment. This son married Sybil, a daughter of William Montacute, 1st Earl ofSalisbury. By the second he had 3 sons: Richard, who succeeded him as Earl; JohnFitzalan, who was a Marshall of England, and drowned in 1379; and Thomas Arundel,who became Archbishop of Canterbury. He also had 2 surviving daughters by his secondwife: Joan, who married Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, and Alice, whomarried Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent.

Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel


Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel and 10th Earl of Surrey (1346 – September21, 1397, beheaded) was an English nobleman and military commander.

He was the son of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster.

In 1377 he was Admiral of the West and South, and in 1386 Admiral of all England. Inthis capacity he defeated a combined Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off of Margate in1387. The following year he was one of the Lords Appellant to Richard II.

In 1397 he was arrested for his opposition to Richard II, and then attainted and beheaded.

Arundel married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth de Bohun, daughter of William deBohun, 1st Earl of Northampton. They married around September 28, 1359 and had fourchildren:

Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel Elizabeth FitzAlan Joan FitzAlan (1375 - November 14, 1453), who married William Beauchamp,

1st Lord Bergavanny; Margaret FitzAlan, who married Sir Rowland Lenthall; Alice FitzAlan, who married the 4th Baron Charleton.

Arundel then married Philippa Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl ofMarch. Her mother was Philippa Plantagenet, a daughter of Lionel of Antwerp and thus agranddaughter of Edward III. They had no children.

Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel


Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel KG (October 13, 1381 – October 13, 1415) wasan English nobleman, one of the principals of the deposition of Richard II, and a majorfigure during the reign of Henry IV.

He was the only surviving son of Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel and his firstwife, Elizabeth de Bohun. When he was 16 his father was executed and his lands andtitles forfeited. Thomas was given as ward to the king's half-brother John Holland, 1stDuke of Exeter, along with a large part of the Arundel estates. Holland greatly mistreatedhim, a matter Thomas was to cruelly repay many years later.

Eventually Thomas escaped from his guardian and joined his uncle Thomas Arundel, thedeposed Archbishop of Canterbury, in exile. The two eventually joined with anotherexile, the king's cousin Henry.

Thomas followed Henry in his return to England in July 1399, and in the followingevents which led to the deposition of King Richard and Henry's crowning as Henry IV.

He was butler at the coronation, and shortly afterwards the new king restored him to histitles and estates. These included the Earldoms of Arundel and Surrey, and a large estatein the Welsh marches.

Early the next year a group of barons who had been close to the deposed king revolted,amongst them Thomas' former guardian John Holland. The latter was captured byfollowers of Thomas's aunt Joan, Countess of Hereford, and at Thomas' behest was soonexecuted (some claim he was tortured first).

The new few years Thomas was much occupied by events in the Welsh marches, wherehe had to help deal with the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr.

In 1405 there was a revolt in the north of England, led by the Archbishop of York,Richard le Scrope, and the 2nd Duke of Norfolk, John Mowbray. Thomas was the head ofthe commission when condemned the pair to death. This apparently led to a falling outbetween Thomas and his uncle Archbishop Thomas Arundel, who objected to theexecution of a fellow prelate.

King Henry's sister Philippa of Lancaster had married King John I of Portugal, and tofurther cement the alliance between England and Portugal, Thomas married Beatrice, theillegitimate daughter of King John. The wedding took place in London on November 26,1405, with King Henry in attendance.

In the following years Thomas again had to help suppress revolts in Wales and the Welshmarches.

Politically Thomas allied himself with the king's half-brothers the Beauforts, and whenThomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter was appointed Chancellor in 1410, Arundel becameone of the king's principal councillors. Beaufort favored an alliance with Burgundy, andArundel was one of the leaders of those sent to help fight the rival Armagnac faction inFrance. Sometime in this period Arundel was made a Knight of the Garter.

However, in 1412 the Beauforts lost power, and Arundel retired to his estates until thenext year, when Henry IV died. His son restored Arundel to a place of influence,immediately appointing him Lord Treasurer, as well as constable of Dover Castle andWarden of the Cinque Ports.

Arundel was one of the initial commanders of Henry V's 1415 French campaign, but atthe siege of Harfleur he, along with many others, fell ill and had to return to England. Henever recovered, and died not long afterwards.

Arundel left no children. The castle and lordship of Arundel was inherited by his cousinJohn Fitzalan, 13th Earl of Arundel. The earldom of Surrey fell into abeyance (or wentextinct; authorities differ on this matter). The rest of his property was split amongst his 3surviving sisters.

Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey


Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey (1374 - January 7, 1400), also 3rd Earl of Kent.

He was the son of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent and Alice Fitzalan, daughter ofRichard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel. He was also nephew of Richard II of England. Onhis father's death in 1397 Holland became 3rd Earl of Kent, and was elected a Knight ofthe Garter. At that time Kent's uncle Richard II was removing from power Thomas ofWoodstock, Duke of Gloucester, and his associates, and sent Kent to arrest his own uncle— Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel. In reward he received a share of the forfeitedestates, and on 29 September 1397 was created Duke of Surrey. Yet another uncle JohnHolland was created Duke of Exeter on that day as well.

Holland, along with many of Richard's advisors, was arrested after Richard's depositionby Henry IV in 1399. In the end he had to forfeit the honors and estates he had gainedafter the arrests of Gloucester and Arundel, and thus went back to just being Earl of Kent.

Early in 1400 Holland, along with his uncle John (now Earl of Huntingdon instead ofDuke of Exeter) plotted to kill Henry IV and free Richard II from prison and return himto the throne. This "Epiphany Rising" failed and Holland was captured and executed.

He left no children by his wife, Joan Stafford, daughter of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl ofStafford. He was succeeded as earl by his brother Edmund.

John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of NorfolkFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk was an important actor in the Wars of the Roses.

He was born in 1415 and died in 1461. He held the office of Earl Marshal from 1432,when he inherited the title of 3rd Duke of Norfolk.

He was the son of John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Lady Katherine Neville.

He married Eleanor Bourchier, daughter of William Bourchier, Count of Eu and Anne ofGloucester, Countess of Buckingham. They had one child, John Mowbray, 4th Duke ofNorfolk.

At the beginning of the War of the Roses in 1450 he supported Richard, Duke of York,the leader of the Yorkist faction.

However in 1459 he swore allegiance to the Lancastrian Henry VI. He then quicklychanged sides back to the Yorkists. This sort of treachery was by no means unusualduring the Wars of the Roses.

In February 1461 he fought for the defeated Yorkists in the Second Battle of St Albans.

In March 1461 (Richard, Duke of York now being dead) he was one of those who askedthe Duke’s son the Earl of March to become Edward IV.

On 29 March 1461 his intervention at the Battle of Towton was decisive. The battle tookplace in a snow storm between 80,000 men. Neither side could get an advantage untilabout midday Norfolk entered the battle on the Yorkist’s right flank. The Lancastriansthen began to slowly fall back.

As Earl Marshal Mowbray officiated at Edward IV’s coronation.

Reference

Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy. London, U.K.: The BodleyHead, 1999.

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of NorfolkFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (1443 – 21 May 1524) was an English soldierand statesman, and son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk by his first wife Catherinede Moleyns the daughter of William de Moylens and Margery Whalesborough.

Life

As the Earl of Surrey, Howard fought for King Richard III at the Battle of BosworthField in 1485, following which he was imprisoned for several years before having histitles and estates restored. He continued in the service of the Tudor dynasty. Beginning in1497, Howard and the English repelled Scots assaults at Norham Castle, a stronghold ofthe Bishopric of Durham, among others. In 1502, a treaty was signed between Scotlandand England ending hostilities for a time, and Howard was able to rest from his militarycareer for a while. He was appointed Lieutenant General of the North.

In 1511, Lord Surrey was appointed Warden-General of the Northern Marches. In 1513,the Scots invaded England to meet their treaty obligations to France under the AuldAlliance. At the Battle of Flodden Field, the English, under Howard's command,successfully repelled the Scots. With victory, Lord Surrey was restored as Duke ofNorfolk in 1514, which title had been forfeit since 1485 because of his father's support ofRichard.

Burial location

He died in 1524 and was buried in Thetford Priory. The priory was abandoned at theDissolution of the Monasteries and while some of the Howard family tombs were movedto the St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham it is not known whether his tomb wasmoved also. Fragments of what is thought to be from his tomb were found duringexcavations.

Where his body now lies is not known for certain. A monumental brass depicting himwas formerly in the Church of St. Mary at Lambeth so his body could have been movedto the Howard family chapel where many members of his family (including AnneBoleyn's mother) were interred.

However it is known that there are also four coffins in the tomb of the 3rd Duke ofNorfolk at St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham so possibly the 2nd Duke and the 1stDuke of Norfolk were buried in the tomb of their descendant.

Marriages and issue

1st wife - Elizabeth Tilney, daughter of Sir Frederick Tilney of Ashwellthorpeand Elizabeth Cheney.

o Elizabeth Howard, Countess of Wiltshireo Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolko Lord Edmund Howard, father of Queen Katherine Howardo Henry Howardo Edward Howard (admiral)o Muriel Howard. Married John Grey, 2nd Viscount Lisle.o Dorothy Howard, wife to Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derbyo Lady Elizabeth Howard, wife to Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire.o Richard Howard.o Sir John Howard.o Charles Howard.

2nd wife - his first wife's cousin, Agnes Tilney (1478-1545), daughter of HughTilney of Boston and Eleanor Tailboys. As Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, she wasinvolved in her niece Catherine Howard's downfall in 1542.

o William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effinghamo Lord Thomas Howard (1511-1537).o Elizabeth Howard (d. 1536). Married Henry Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Sussex

and was mother of Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex.o Catherine Howard (d. 1554). Married Henry Daubney, 1st Earl of

Bridgewater.o Dorothy Howard. Married Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby.o George Howard.o Agness Howard.o Anne Howard. Married John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford.

References

M.A. Tierney, The History and Antiquities of the Castle and Town of Arundel :Including the Biography of Its Earls, From the Conquest to the Present Time(1834) [Chart V, "Pedigree of Howard"]

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of NorfolkFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk by Hans Holbein.

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (1473 – 25 August 1554), was a prominentTudor politician.

He was the son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Tilney. Until1524 he was styled Earl of Surrey. Norfolk first married Anne of York, daughter ofEdward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville. Following her death in 1511, he marriedElizabeth Stafford, daughter of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and AlianorePercy. However this marriage was miserably unhappy, since the duke showed off abouthis betrayal with his wife's maid, Bess Holland, and savagely beat her when sheprotested. Their eldest son was the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey.

He was appointed his younger brother Edward's successor as Lord High Admiral in 1513.On his father's death in 1524 he inherited the Dukedom of Norfolk and was named LordHigh Treasurer and Earl Marshal, making Howard one of the most powerful nobles in thekingdom. He distinguished himself many times in battle, and was an able general.

His power increased somewhat after his niece, Anne Boleyn, became Henry VIII'sfiancee, sometime around 1527. However, their relationship was fraught with difficultysince Anne found her uncle to be selfish and untrustworthy. Although they were politicalallies throughout the late 1520s, Norfolk once complained that Anne used words to him"that one would not use to a dog." She was crowned queen in 1533, and was probablyinfluential in securing the marriage of Norfolk's daughter Mary to the king's illegitimateson, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond.

Queen Anne's religious and political vision was more radical than Norfolk's, and theirrelationship deteriorated throughout 1535 and 1536. Norfolk was perhaps behind theKing's affair with Anne's cousin, Margaret Shelton, another of the duke's numerousnieces. Putting his own security before family loyalties, he presided over Queen Anne'strial in 1536, giving a death sentence despite her probable innocence. The next day, hecondemned his nephew, Anne's brother George Boleyn to death also.

But the experience did not teach him a lesson. He used another of his nieces, CatherineHoward to strengthen his power at court through her affair with the king. He usedHenry's marriage to Catherine as an opportunity to depose of his long-term enemy,Thomas Cromwell who was beheaded in 1540. Queen Catherine's reign was a short one,however, since Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, discovered that she hadindulged in several affairs before her marriage and (perhaps) one after it. Catherine wasbeheaded in February 1542, and numerous other Howards were imprisoned in the Tower- including the duke's step-mother, brother, two sisters-in-law and numerous servants.

Queen Catherine Howard's execution was the point at which he fell out of favour withKing Henry VIII, despite Norfolk's desperate efforts to heal the rift. There were evenrumours that Norfolk was to be beheaded in 1547, although Henry died before thewarrant could be signed. Norfolk's eldest son, Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, was not solucky, for he had been beheaded on the king's orders in 1546.

Following the accession of Henry's son, Edward VI of England, Norfolk was imprisonedon suspicion of treason and his dukedom forfeit, but he was released by Mary I in 1553,the Howards being an important Catholic family, and the dukedom was restored. TheDuke showed his gratitude by leading the forces sent to put down the rebellion of Sir

Thomas Wyatt, who had protested against the Queen's forthcoming marriage to a Spanishprince, Philip II and had planned to put Anne Boleyn's daughter, the future Elizabeth I onthe throne in Mary's place. The result of Norfolk's suppression of the Wyatt Rebellionwas Princess Elizabeth's imprisonment in the Tower (although there was not enoughevidence to convict her on treason, since she clearly had not been party to the rebels'precise intentions) and the execution of the Queen's cousin Lady Jane Grey. Norfolk,himself, died not long after the Wyatt Rebellion. He was succeeded by his grandson,Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. The 4th Duke, also a Catholic, was executed onElizabeth's orders for illegally plotting to marry Mary Queen of Scots.

Thomas Howard's tomb is situated in Framlingham Church, Suffolk. It is possibly thebest preserved example of ornate stonework in Europe.

Fictional Portrayals

Due to his prominence at the court of Henry VIII, Norfolk has been portrayed severaltimes in film. In the 1970 BBC miniseries The Six Wives of Henry VIII, Norfolk wasportrayed by Patrick Troughton. In 1967's A Man for All Seasons, he was played by NigelDavenport. In 1969's Anne of the Thousand Days, Peter Jeffrey took the role.

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of NorfolkFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (March 10, 1536 — 1572) and 1st Earl ofSouthampton

Taught as a child by John Foxe, the Protestant martyrologist, who remained a lifelongrecipient of Howard's patronage, Howard was the son of the poet Henry Howard, 3rd Earlof Surrey. His father predeceased him and so Thomas inherited the Dukedom of Norfolkupon the death of his grandfather, the 3rd Duke of Norfolk in 1554.

Norfolk was entrusted by Queen Elizabeth I of England with public office despite hisfamily history and his prior support for the Catholic cause, although he claimed to be aProtestant.

Marriages and Plots

First wife

Mary FitzAlan, heiress to the Arundel Estates after her father Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earlof Arundel's death. She died after a year of marriage having given birth to Philip Howard,20th Earl of Arundel. It is from this marriage that the present Duke of Norfolk takes hisname of 'FitzAlan-Howard' and why his seat is in Arundel. Though her effigy is there,Mary FitzAlan was never buried at Framlingham, but at the church of St. ClementWithout, Temple Bar and then (under the direction of her grandson's will) at Arundel.

Second wife

Another heiress, Margaret daughter of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden. Shealso died young and was buried at St. John the Baptist's church at Norwich.

Her remains may or may not have been reinterred at Framlingham. The tomb's contents isinconclusive and it seems more probable to some that Margaret's body would have beenreburied at Arundel not Framlingham by this time.

Margaret's children by her marriage to Norfolk were two boys and two girls.

Both Mary and Margaret have their tomb effigies at St Michael the Archangel,Framlingham. [1]

Third wife

Elizabeth Leyburne, widow of Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre of Gillesland.

Norfolk made remarkable marriage plans whereby Elizabeth's three daughters by Dacrebecame the wives of the sons of his own first two marriages. In other words:

Anne Dacre to Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel Mary Dacre to Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk Elizabeth Dacre to William Howard. They were ancestors of Charles Howard, 1st

Earl of Carlisle.

Attempted fourth marriage, plots and death

The queen imprisoned Norfolk in 1569 for scheming to marry Mary, Queen of Scots.

Following his release, he perhaps (the strength of the evidence for his participation in theRidolfi plot is doubted by some) participated in the Ridolfi plot with King Philip II ofSpain to put Mary on the English throne and restore Catholicism in England and wasexecuted for treason in 1572. He is buried at St Peter ad Vincula at the Tower of London.

Norfolk's lands and titles were forfeited, although much of the estate was restored to hissons. The title of Duke of Norfolk was eventually restored 4 generations later, by hisgreat-great-grandson, Thomas Howard.

In fiction

A very fictionalized version of the 4th Duke of Norfolk appears as a villain in the filmElizabeth, played by Christopher Eccleston. Another version of the Duke is in the BBCmini-series The Virgin Queen, played by Kevin McKidd.

Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of ArundelFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, Surrey, & Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, 4th Earl of Surrey and 1st Earl of Norfolk (7July 1585–4 October 1646) was a prominent English courtier during the reigns of KingJames I and King Charles I, but he made his name as an art collector rather than as apolitician. When he died he possessed 700 paintings, along with large collections ofsculpture, books, prints, drawings, and antique jewellery. His collection of marblecarvings, known as the Arundelian Marbles, was left to the University of Oxford.

He is sometimes referred as the 2nd Earl of Arundel; it depends on whether one views theearldom obtained by his father as a new creation or not. He was also 2nd or 4th Earl ofSurrey, and later, he was created 1st Earl of Norfolk.

Biography

Arundel was born in relative penury, his aristocratic family having fallen into disgracetowards the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. He was the son of Philip Howard, 20th

Earl of Arundel and Anne Dacre, daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Dacre, 4th BaronDacre of Gilsland. He never knew his father, who was imprisoned before Arundel wasborn.

Peter Paul Rubens: Alathea Talbot, 1620

Arundel's great-uncles returned the family to favour after James I ascended the throne,and Arundel was restored to his titles and some of his estates in 1604. Other parts of thefamily lands ended up with his great-uncles. The next year he married Lady Alatheia (orAlethea) Talbot, a daughter of Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, and agranddaughter of Bess of Hardwick. She would inherit a vast estate in Nottinghamshire,Yorkshire, and Derbyshire, including Sheffield, which has been the principal part of thefamily fortune ever since. Even with this large income, Arundel's collecting and buildingactivities would lead him heavily into debt.

During the reign of Charles I, Arundel served several times as special envoy to some ofthe great courts of Europe. These trips encouraged his interest in art collecting.

In 1642 he accompanied Princess Mary for her marriage to William II of Orange. Withthe troubles that would lead to the Civil War brewing, he decided not to return toEngland, and instead settled into a villa near Padua, in Italy. He died there in 1646, andwas succeeded as Earl by his eldest son Henry Frederick Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundelwho was the ancestor of the Dukes of Norfolk and Baron Mowbray. His youngest sonWilliam Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford-the ancestor of what was first the Earl of Staffordand later Baron Stafford.

Arundel had petitioned the king for restoration of the ancestral Dukedom of Norfolk.While the restoration was not to occur until the time of his grandson, he was created Earlof Norfolk in 1644, which at least ensured the title would stay with his family. Arundelalso got Parliament to entail his earldoms to the descendants of the 4th Duke of Norfolk.

As a Collector and Art Patron

Arundel commissioned portraits of himself or his family by contemporary masters suchas Daniel Mytens, Peter Paul Rubens, Jan Lievens, and Anthony Van Dyck. He acquiredother paintings by Hans Holbein, Mytens, Rubens, and Honthorst.

He collected drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, the two Holbeins, Raphael, Parmigiano,Wenceslaus Hollar, and Dürer. Many of these are now at the Royal Library at WindsorCastle or at Chatsworth.

The architect Inigo Jones accompanied Arundel on one of his trips to Italy. It was therethat he saw the work of Palladio which was to become so influential to Jones's latercareer.

Amongst his circle of scholarly and literary friends were James Ussher and Sir WilliamHarvey.

Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of NorfolkFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk (March 9, 1627 – December 13, 1677) was anEnglish noble.

He was born to Henry Frederick Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel and Lady ElizabethStuart. His full title was Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk, 23rd Earl of Arundel, 6thEarl of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Norfolk. The dukedom of Norfolk was recreated and given tohim in 1660. The 5th Duke was considered mentally deficient and never married, theduties of Earl Marshal being exercised by his brother, Sir Henry Howard, who latersucceeded him as Duke. Another brother, Philip, became a Catholic cardinal.

THE DUKET WEBSITEThe contents of this page , was researched and supplied by Bronwyn Rauk in

Australia

Gundreda (1051-1085) [Pedigree]

Daughter of perhaps Gerbod? (the info from this link is included further below, afterWilliam de Warrene)

Possibly a daughter of Gerbod, hereditary advocate of the abbey of Saint Bertin at St.Omer.

REF RFC. Sister of Gerbod, Earl of Chester, 1076; a Fleming.

REF YorkshireP. Daughter of William the Conqueror.

REF Baronage1. Step-Daughter of William the Conqueror.

Medievalist Kathleen Much at Stanford told Tom Camfield ([email protected]) thatthis connection is bogus. Her arguments came down to the comment by David C.Douglas ("William the Conqueror," 1964, p. 392) that: "The view once held that Matildawas already married when William sought her hand, and was then the mother of adaughter, Gundrada, later the wife of William of Warenne, has now been conclusivelydisproved by the researches of Chester Waters and Sir Charles Clay. There is no reason tosuppose that Gundrada was the daughter of either William or Matilda." She led into thisconclusion with preliminary explanations referenced quite thoroughly; she specializes inNormandy.

See the full examination of these claims, and the disproof, by C. T. Clay, *EarlyYorkshire Charters*, volume VIII, pp. 40-46.

Annotated Bibliography on issue of Gundreda Wife of William de Warenne I

Eur.Ing. Brian Tompsett, University of Hull. (draft in progress, Jan 1998)

This annotated bibliography documents articles on this issue, which although quitesoundly documented still is cause for controversy.

The modern problems stem from the fact that secondary and tertiary sources which aregenerally quite reputable erred in this matter. Genealogist get into a "my source is betterthan your source" argument.

Items Personally consulted by me:

The Complete Peerage, vol xiip1 pp.491 note d

The Complete Peerage, vol xiip1 pp.494 note j (cite Clay and Prentout)

Early Yorkshire Charters, C.T.Clay (1949), vol viii pp.1-26 "The Early Generations ofthe Family of Warenne"

Early Yorkshire Charters, C.T.Clay (1949), vol viii pp.40-46 "Gundreda wife of Williamde Warenne I" [note error in Complete Peerage citation]

(The main, and significant references which quotes and summaries Stapleston, Blaauw,Waters, Freeman, et al)

Early Yorkshire Charters, C.T.Clay (1949), vol viii pp.46-129

"Charters of King Henry I witnesses by the second earl without comital style"

"Charters of William son of King Stephen fourth earl de Warenne"

Charters of the Lords of the Honour

Charters of the Second Earl Charters of the third Earl

Charters of Reginald de Warenne as administrator and of the fourth earl

Charters of earl Hamelin and Countess Isabel

Archaeological Journal, vol. iii, pp.1-26 (1846) by Thomas Stapleton "Observations indisproof of the pretended marriage of William de Warren, Earl of Surrey, with a daughterbegotten of Matildis, daughter of Baldwin, Comte of Flanders, by William theConqueror, and illustrative of the origin and early history of the family in Normandy"(Cites Cotton Manuscripts, Domesday et al, concluding that Gundreda was not Williamsdaughter)

Archaeologia, vol xxxii p.108-125 (1847) by W.H. Blaauw, "Remarks on Matilda, Queenof William the Conqueror, and her Daughter Gundrada" (disputes Stapleton and saysGundreda was the proper daughter of the Conqueror)

Archaeological Journal, vol. xli, pp.300-312 (1884) by Edmond Chester Waters"Gundrada de Warrenne" (cites Stapleton and Blaauw, re-analyses and sides withStapelton)

English Historical Review, vol III, pp.680-701, (1889) by Edward A Freeman, "Theparentage of Gundrada, Wife of William of Warren" (He renounces his former view andcomes to the final position cited by Clay that Gundreda was neither the daughter of theConqueror or his wife)

Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, vol xxxi, pp.97-113, (1934) by L C Loyd, "TheOrigins of the Family of Warenne" (base article for the Complete Peerage

entries)

"The Royal Families of England Scotland and Wales - With pedigrees of Royal descentsin illustration." by Sir Bernard Burke, Harrison, 1876. (incorrectly shows Gundreda asthe conquerors daughter)

Other miscellaneous reference not yet consulted:

"Gundrada de Warrenne" by Robert Chester Waters, 1886, 2nd ed, (LDS FHC film)

paper by Lower, 19th Nov 1845 to British Archaeological Association

Dugdale's Baronage vol.i, p.73 Dictionary of National Biography (1890 edition)

The Complete Peerage, vol vii, pp.324-5 (1890 edition) Europaisch Stammtafen byIsenburg/Loringhoven, Vol ii, p 59. (incorectly shows Gundred as the Conquerorsdaughter)

Erich Brandenburg, Die Nachkommen Karls des Grossen Originally published in 1935,republished in 1995 with corrections and additions, p.40 (incorrectly shows Gundreda asthe Conquerors daughter) whilst on p.135 contradicts it.

The Complete Peerage, vol iii,p.164. Turton incorrectly shows her as the conquerorsdaughter.

Europaisch Stammtafen by Schwennicke Band III telband IV page 699 correctly citesClay.

Weis "William the Conqueror" by David C. Douglas (UCalif. Press, 1964) p. 76,p.267,and Appendix C. "Gundrada de Warenne" by E.C. Waters (Exeter, 1884)

"The WARREN family" author and date unknown. Cited by Judy Lutz and quotes SirGeorge Duckett, Bart"

"Genealogy of Warren. The work of Dr John Collins Warren" by J.D.Stickney (Boston,1851) (incorrectly links Gundreda and the conqueror)

Usenet News Messages in the Archives (via Dejanews):

"Re: Orgins of Warenne Family" by "Todd A. Farmerie" <[email protected]>1996/10/09 <news:[email protected]> (Todd confirms Gundreda is not thedaughter of the Conquerer without quoting sources)

Re: Gunreda WARENNE d/o the Conqueror?" by Al Magary <[email protected]>1996/04/10 <news:[email protected]> (Al confirms Gundreda is not thedaughter of the Conquerer quoting Douglas and Clay)

"Re: Gunreda WARENNE d/o the Conqueror?" by "matthias e. storme"<[email protected]> 1996/04/11<news:v02130500ad92e2a63836@[157.193.43.3]>

(Mattias corrects Al)

"Gundreda daughter of the Conqueror??" by Judy Lutz <[email protected]>1996/04/10 <news:60410193301_466931062@mail04> (Judy quotes an uncited bookwhich claims Gundreda was the Conqueror's daughter)

"Re: William the Conqueror" by [email protected] (William Addams Reitwiesner)1997/04/08 <news:[email protected]> (William confirms Gundreda isnot the Conquerors daughter and cites Clay and The Complete Peerage.)

"Re: GUNNORA/ William de Warren,etc." by [email protected] (Tom Camfield)1996/11/25 <news:[email protected]> (Tom confirmsGundreda is not the Conquerors daughter without citation)

"Re: GUNNORA/ William de Warren,etc." by "Todd A. Farmerie" <[email protected]>1996/11/22 <news:[email protected]> (Todd confirms Gundreda is not theConquerors daughter without citation, answering query by Robert Jackson which citesStickney.)

"Re: Orgins of Warenne Family" by William Addams Reitwiesner <[email protected]>1996/10/06 <news:[email protected]> (William confirms Gundreda isnot the Conquerors daughter and cites Clay)

"Re: William the Conqueror" by Ed Mann <[email protected]>1997/04/08 <news:[email protected]> (Ed confirms Gundreda is notthe Conquerors daughter and cites Weis)

"Re: William the Conqueror" by [email protected] (Kathleen Much)1997/04/08 <news:[email protected]> (Kathleen confirms Gundreda isnot the Conquerors daughter and cites Douglas)

"GUNNORA/ William de Warren,etc." by "Robert M. Jackson, Jr."<[email protected]> 1996/11/21<news:[email protected]> (Robert cites Stickney as asource for Gundreda being the Conquerors daughter) b. ABT 1051, Normandy, France d.27 May 1085, Castle Acre, Norfolk, Eng.

Married William de WARREN Earl of Surrey and Warenne (1055-1089) (inlcuded belowafter references)

Children: [listed under entry for William de WARREN]

References: [RFC],[MRL],[Baronage1] (references are below):

</news:[email protected]></news:[email protected]></news:[email protected]></news:[email protected]></news:[email protected]></news:camfield-

[email protected]></news:[email protected]></news:60410193301_466931062@mail04></news:v02130500ad92e2a63836@[157.193.43.3]></news:[email protected]></news:[email protected]>

[RFC] "Royalty for Commoners",

Roderick W. Stuart, 1992, 2nd edition. This book lists all of the known ancestors of Johnof Gaunt, which amounts to most of the Medieval royalty of Europe. Also see thefollowing article: "A Mediaeval Miscellany:

Commentaries on Roderick W. Stuart's Royalty for Commoners,"

The American Genealogist 69 (April 1994)

[MRL] "Medieval GEDCOM Files", Marlyn R. Lewis.

[Baronage1]

"The Official Baronage of England, 1066-1885", 3 vols..38. William de WARREN Earlof Surrey and Warenne [98-37] Earl of Surrey. Seigneur de Verennes, near Dieppe,France.

REF Baronage1. Lord of Reigate, Lews, Coningsburgh;

Lord of Bellencombre, in Normandy.

Commander in the Norman Army, Sep 1066.

Gundreda the wife of William de Warren has been claimed to be a daughter of Williamthe Conqueror. This is not correct. See the full examination of these claims, and thedisproof, by C. T. Clay, *Early Yorkshire Charters*, volume VIII, pp. 40-46.

The following is from [email protected] (Pat Boren) and may contain errors.

WILLIAM de WARENNE was considered a near kinsman of William the Conqueror. Hereceived large grants of land in England in recognition of his distinguished part in theBattle of Hastings. In 1075, he was appointed joint chief justiciar and helped suppress therebellion of the earls of Hereford and Norfolk.

In 1077 he founded the St. Pancras Priory of Lewes (where he is buried), the first houseof the Cluniac order in England. The position of his castle at Lewes rendered his loyaltyespecially useful to King William Rufus during the rebellion of 1088, for which he wasgranted the earldom of Surrey. In addition to Lewes, William held over 40 manors inSussex. He married Gundred and had Reginald, Edith, and William.

E-Mail

b. ABT 1055, of Bellencombe, S-Infr, France

b. BEF 1036

d. 24 Jun 1089

d. 24 Jun 1088, Lewes, Surrey, Eng.

m. Gundreda [98-37] BEF 1077

b. ABT 1051, Normandy, France

d. 27 May 1085, Castle Acre, Norfolk, Eng.

daughter of perhaps Gerbod?

ch: *Edith de WARENNE [Next Generation],

*William de WARRENNE (1071-1138) m. Isabel de VERMANDOIS (1081-1131)perhaps Gerbod? [Pedigree]

Children:

Gerbod the Fleming 1st Earl of Chester

Gundreda (1051-1085) m. William de WARREN Earl of Surrey and Warenne (1055-1089) References: [RFC],[Baronage1],[MRL]

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http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/cslewis/news16.html

C S Lewis Centenary Group

(from C.S. Lewis News)

DE WARRENNE

Lori Pieper writes to say that Lewis wrote (in 'Surprised by Joy') "My mother was aHamilton . . . on her mother's side, through the Warrens, the blood went back to aNorman knight whose bones lie at Battle Abbey." Lori Pieper asks; Do you know theidentity of this Norman knight?'

The Norman knight was William de Warenne, one of the greatest of William theConqueror's barons. De Warrenne was given the hand in marriage of Gundreda, reputedlythe Conqueror's bastard daughter. And her descendant was Gundreda Ewart, cousin of C.S. Lewis, who called her "the most beautiful woman I have ever seen" ('Surprised byJoy'', Chap III, p 42).

Though Gundreda, wife of William de Warenne, C. S. Lewis was descended fromWilliam the Conqueror and Charlemagne! And through this aristocratic Warrenconnection, C. S. Lewis was descended from the Plantagenet Kings of England, Kings ofFrance, of Scots, and Princes of Wales. Also from the Founder of Clare College,Cambridge. The Warrens were great benefactors of Magdalen College, Oxford, as well,but I have been unable to trace a connection - yet there still may be one. Not bad forsomeone who once said he came from 'Welsh farming stock'. The Warrens established anIrish branch quite early in Co Cork.

Daughter of Gundreda Ewart, Primrose Henderson (who guided David Spence's partyaround St Mark's church some days ago) has given the Group an outline family tree ofthe Warren family, now lodged in the Belfast Lewis Archive.

***************************************

http://website.lineone.net/~sussex-photos/lewes.htm

Lewes Castle stands in the centre of the town, at the highest point. It is the remains of amotte and bailey castle. The existing castle had been rebuilt by Earl William de Warrennewhen given the land by William the Conquerer. The Earl had married Gundreda(daughter of Harold - previous King of England).

William de Warrenne also founded the Priory of St Pancras. It was completed by 1077and colonized with Benedictine monks from Clugni, Italy. When the building later fellinto ruins, the stone from the walls (Caen stone - previously imported from Normandy)was used to build Southover Grange.

************************************

http://www.allaboutsussex.co.uk/default.asp?id=placestovisit213

Address:

Off Cockshut Road

Southover

Lewes

East Sussex

Founded by William and Gundrada de Warrenne in 1077, the priory of St Pancras wasthe only Cluniac monastery in Sussex. Once holding fifty-six churches in the county, thiswas the greatest house of Cluniac monks in England.

Destroyed after the Dissolution of the Monasteries by an Italian engineer (he wasemployed by the king's commissioner, Thomas Cromwell), what was left was furtherdamaged when the Lewes to Brighton railway line was laid through the site in 1845. Thetombs of William and Gundrada were discovered during the construction of the railwayand as a result of the interest generated, the Sussex Archaeological Society was foundedin 1846.

The remains of the founders plus original tomb furnishings (these had previously beenmoved to Isfield church) can now be found in the neo-Norman chapel which was built onthe south side of St John's church in Southover High Street in 1847.

Amounting to little more than the foundations and although they are now fenced off, theremains of the priory can clearly be seen.

Bronwyn Rauk, Australia

Documents

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey - Warren Family ... Warenne and...William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia William de Warenne, 1st Earl of