Kingdom Protozoa

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The Protozoans

Ciliates

Amoeboid Protozoans

Flagellated Protozoans


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Kingdom Protozoa

Defining Characteristics

All are unicellular eukaryotes What is a prokaryote?

Many species are both heterotrophic and

autotrophicsimultaneously or at different stages of

the lifecycle


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Eukaryote Cell


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Prokaryote Cell


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Adaptability

Protozoans are ecologically important primary

producers, consumers and as ital lin!s in thefood chain

"umans are greatly effected by parasitic

protozoans either directly or indirectly

#ffects range from irritating $ fatalMalaria %Plasmodium spp.& 'orld'ide epidemic


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Reproduction

Ase(ual reproduction

)eplication of chromosomes and the splitting of theparent into t'o or more parts *inary fission

Multiple fission

*uddingProtozoans are problematic in their

associations as colonial forms


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Asexual Reproduction

Amoeba

CiliateFlagellate



Classification

+ingdom Protozoa

Phylum Ciliophora %Ciliates&

he -arcodinids %Amoeboid

Protozoans&

Phylum Foraminifera

Phylum )adiozoa

he Flagellated Protozoans

Phytoflagellated protozoans

.ooflagellated protozoans



Phylum Ciliophora

Defining characteristics

*ody e(ternally ciliated in atleast some lifecycle stages

"ae the highest degree of

subcellular specialization

and are consideredadanced protozoans

Parameciumfece


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Cilia

Cilia

"air$li!e structures by'hich the organism

moes, collects food

and senses their

surroundings

Fastest of all the

protozoans

Cilia tructure


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Ciliate Biology

Oral grooe

Cytostome

Cytoproct

Contractile acuole

Paramecium


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Ciliate !ifestyles

/01 of all ciliatespecies are free$liing

and mobile -ome ciliates form

colonial aggregationsand hae sessile habits

2ther ciliates haesymbiotic relationshipsin inertebrates andertebrates

Vorticella


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Phagocytosis



Amebas and 'umans



Phylum %oraminifera

Defining

characteristics 5ndiiduals secrete

multi$chamberedtests, generally

made of calciumcarbonate %CaCo6&

Foram% tet



%oraminiferans

#(tremely abundant, most are benthic andmarine

Feed on diatoms and algae, ery slo' moers2rganisms are e(tremely common and form

ooze

White cliffs of Doer are foraminiferan tests



Phylum Radiozoa

Defining characteristics

*ody is diided into distinctzones separated by aperforated membrane orcapsule

"ae pseudopodia

supported 'ith thinmicrotubules that gie aspiny rayed appearance


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Radiolarians

"ae shells made of silicon dio(ide that

can be ery intricateFeed on diatoms and other phytoplan!ton*enthic indiiduals moe by use of

pseudopodia Can occur in large concentrations that formooze as 'ell


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The %lagellated Protozoans

Characterized by the

possession of a

definite body shape

and the possession of

one or more flagella

Most species arefree$liing and mobile

Noctiluca


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Phytoflagellated Protozoans

"ae chlorophyll and obtain energy directly

from the sunlight-ome are strictly autotrophic or heterotrophic

-ome are a combination of both

*oth the Euglenaand the dinoflagellates are

e(amples of phytoflagellated protozoans


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(inoflagellates

+no' for bioluminescence and highly to(ic redtides Dense aggregations produce sa(ito(in !illing fish and

crustaceans

Also contaminates shellfish causing diarrheicshellfish poisoning

-ome benthic dinoflagellates produce aneuroto(in that accumulates in tropical fish calledCiguatera


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Phytoflagellated Protozoans

Noctiluca

Euglena

Ceratium

Chlamydomonas


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)ooflagellated Protozoans

Free$liing forms Most indiiduals are sessile and hae a single flagellum

that beats to obtain food and nutrients

Parasitic forms 701 of zooflagellate spp8 are parasitic in humans,

inertebrates, and other ertebrates

9sually hae comple( lifecycles 'ith intermediate hosts Malaria is caused by the genus Plasmodium technically

a member of the phylum -porozoa


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)ooflagellated Protozoans

C&oanoflagellate


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'alaria (Plasmodium)

Documents

Kingdom Protozoa