Upload
samantha-price
View
272
Download
5
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Kingdom
Plantae
Main Characteristics
1. Cells contain a nucleus
2. Make their own food
3. Cells contain a cell wall
4. Multicellular
5. Can not move from place to place
Plant Kingdom
Nonvascular Vascular
mosses and liverwortsproduce seeds NOT produce seeds
fernshorsetails
club mossescones
(Gymnosperms)
flowers
(Angiosperms)
Pine trees, evergreens
can be
such as may
such asin
such ascan beMonocot Dicot
Types of Plants1. Nonvascular Plants
2. Vascular Plants
• Do NOT have conducting tissue (pipes) to transport water and nutrients.
• These plants are small and use diffusion and osmosis to move materials.
Examples: mosses and liverworts
• Contain conducting tissue (pipes) to deliver needed materials throughout the plant.
• Vascular plants can be any size
Types of Vascular Plants1. Plants without seeds.
2. Plants with seeds.
• Help form soil and prevent erosion
Examples: ferns, horsetails and club mosses
• Have a two part life cycle
• sporophyte - produce spores
• gametophyte - produce sex cells
Types of Seed Plants1. Gymnosperms
2. Angiosperms
• Non-flowering or fruit bearing plants
• Produce cones instead of flowers and fruits.
Examples: Conifers and evergreens
• Flowering plants
• Use flowers (attract animals) and fruits (protect seeds) for reproduction.
• Flowering plants provide food for animals.
Seed StructureCotyledon - a seed leaf. Provides food for the
embryo before it can make its own food.
Types of Angiosperms1. Monocots
2. Dicots
• Contains 1 seed leaf (cotyledon)• Flower parts in threes• Leaves with parallel veins• Vascular tissue scattered• Fibrous roots
Examples: grasses, onions, lillies, palms
• Contains 2 seed leaves (cotyledons)• Flower parts in fours or fives• Leaves with branching veins• Vascular tissue in a ring• Taproots
Examples: roses, cactuses, sunflowers, peanuts
Differences between monocots and dicots
- DO NOT WRITE ON THE SHEET I give you!
- Write down section headings and bullets for each paragraph.
- You will have 8 minutes to read and chapter title. - You will then discuss your answers with the group and make a list of important information for the class.
In groups you will need:
• A time keeper
• A recorder All students must participate in
• A reporter answering questions!!!
• A manager
• A collector
You need to determine the important information that the class needs to know and write that information neat and large on the construction paper.
Write the question on the top of the page and then bullet key information.
You will have 10 minutes.
Angiosperm Structure
Angiosperms are made up of:
• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
• Flowers
Roots
StemsLeaves
FlowerPetal
Sepal
Stamen
Pistil
Roots
Main Functions:
• Supply plant with water and minerals that
are absorbed from the soil
• Support and anchor plant
• Store food made during photosynthesis
•One main root growing down with smaller roots coming off.
Example: carrots
• Several roots that are the same size.
Example: grass
2. Fibrous Root -
1. Tap Root -
Root Types
StemsMain Functions:
• Support plant body
• Some stems can store materials.
Example: cactus stores water
• Transport materials between roots and leaves
• Xylem - carries water and minerals upward from
the roots
• Phloem - carries food downward to roots for
storage and to other parts of the plant
Stem Types
1. Herbaceous
• Soft, flexible plant
2. Woody
• Rigid stems made of wood and bark
LeavesMain Functions:
• Capture sunlight to make food
• Control movement of gases in plant.
Parts of the Leaf:• Cuticle - waxy covering that protects against water loss
• Chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll to capture sunlight
• Veins - Move water, food and nutrients through xylem and phloem
• Stomata - openings under the leaf to let in carbon dioxide and give off water and oxygen.
• Guard cells - open and close the stomata
Leaf Structure
Stomata
Guard cell
FlowersMain Functions: Used for sexual reproduction
Parts of the Flower
• Sepal - protects immature flower when it is a bud
• Petals - attract insects and animals
• Stamen - male reproductive parts
Anther - produces pollen
grains
Filament - thin stalk, that
anther sits on
•Pistil - female reproductive parts
Stigma - collects pollen
Style- pollen travels down to reach egg
Ovary - develops into
the fruit
• Ovule - inside the ovary; contains the egg.
Develops into a seed after fertilization.
Parts of the Flower Continued
Flower Project Extra Credit
Using the internet or gardening magazine or book:
• Choose a flowering plant
• Draw a picture of the plant
•Label the parts (roots, stems, leaves and flower)
• Describe one main function of each part.
• Name of the plant
•Your name & class period
stamen
ovary
style
filamentpollen tube
pollen grains
stigma
pistil
anther
ovule
Pollination & Fertilization
1. What type of reproduction occurs in flowering plants?
• Sexual reproduction
- egg and sperm are needed
- offspring look different than parents
2. What is pollination?
3. What has to happen in order for fertilization to occur?
Pollination occurs when pollen grains are transported from anthers to stigmas.
- Self-pollination: egg and sperm from the same plant
- Cross-pollination: egg and sperm from different plants
- The sperm inside the pollen must get from stigma to ovary.
- A pollen tube forms from stigma to ovary.
pistil
stigmapollen
style
ovary
anther
stamen
Self-pollination Cross-pollination
pistil
1. Pull off the petals gently. Count the number of petals.
2. Remove the stamens. Draw and label the parts. Be careful not to remove the stigma and style.
3. Draw and label the female parts. Remove the stigma and style.
4. With your fingernail open up the ovary and draw what you see inside.
Flower Dissection Lab Directions
Flower Dissection Lab Questions1. Classify the flowering plant we dissected today using one or
more of the words below:
gymnosperm, nonvascular, angiosperm, seedless, vascular, seeded
2. Determine whether the plant is a monocot or dicot. Give at least two reasons for your answer.
3. Explain the function of each flower parts below:
a) sepal b) anther c) petal d) ovary e) stigma f) ovule
g) stamen h) style i) pistil j) filament
4. Describe how pollination occurs.
5. Explain the path pollen takes from the top of the female part of the flower to the egg.
6. Describe how fertilization occurs in plants.
4. What is fertilization?
5. What takes place after fertilization?
- Fertilization occurs when the sperm from the pollen grain fuses (joins) with the egg inside the ovule.
- The ovule develops into a seed.
- The ovary develops into a fruit.
6. What are dormant seeds?
7. What does a seed need to grow?
8. What is germination?
- They are seeds that are inactive (not growing or developing).
1. water
2. oxygen
3. proper temperature
- Germination is the sprouting of a seed.
Germination
Asexual Reproduction in PlantsVegetative propagation:
A root or stem can become a new plant
Examples:
- cuttings: using part of stem or root
- runners: stems that run along the ground and buds grow off it.
- plantlets: tiny plants grow on leaves
cutting
runner
plantlet
Tropisms: Growth in response to a stimulus
Examples:
phototropism: response to light
gravitropism (geotropism): response to gravity
hydrotropism: response to water
thigmotropism: response to touch
Photosynthesis
1. What is needed for photosynthesis?
2. What does chlorophyll do?
- sunlight: chloroplasts in leaves
- carbon dioxide: stomata in leaves
- water: absorbed by roots
- chlorophyll absorbs sunlight in the leaves
The process by which plants make food using sunlight.
3. What is the equation for photosynthesis?sunlight + carbon dioxide + water ---> sugar + oxygen
Sunlight + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Excess sugar travels down phloem to be stored in the roots.
Oxygen leaves the plant through the stomata of the leaves.
A
B
G
F
E
D
C
Bonus:
1. A and B from above make up the _________.
2. D,E, F from above make up the _________.
Cellular Respiration:Converts the energy stored in food into a form of
energy the plant can use.
Transpiration:
Water loss from leaves through stomata.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energyglucose + oxygen ----->carbon dioxide + water + energy
This process occurs in the mitochondria of both plant
and animal cells.