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THE CRUSADES
Kingdom of Heaven
Kingdom of Heaven
The city of Jerusalem is a holy city for the three western world religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Jews believe the Temple Mount and the
Western (Wailing) Wall is the location of the Temple of Solomon
Christians believe Jerusalem is where Jesus Christ was crucified and raised from the dead
Muslims believe Jerusalem is where the prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven
Blame the Romans
The Romans under Titus tore down the last standing Jewish temple in 70
When the Arabs took over, they built the Dome of the Rock over the ruins
Christians did not like the idea of “their” holy city being in Muslim hands
Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095
Urban II calls for a ‘crusade to retake the Holy Land’ Promises the
forgiveness of sins to anyone who fights in the crusade
Deus Vult: God wills it
The First Crusade
In 1096, the knights of the First Crusade set off
Sacked Antioch in 1098 Conquered Jerusalem in 1099
The Crusaders massacred Jews and Muslims in their sack of the city
Godfrey de Bouillon and the Crusader Kingdoms
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Under Godfrey, Crusader knights built the current Church of the Holy Sepulchre and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem…
By 1145 the Muslims were threatening to take it all back
The Second Crusade
A Complete Disaster
Salah ad-Din
Becomes Sultan in 1174
Known as Saladin, he is hailed as an example of a virtuous knight…
…Probably because he beat the living daylights out of the Crusaders
Salah ad-Din retook Jerusalem in 1187
The Third Crusade
Richard the Lionheart launches the Third Crusade, with Frederick Barbarossa, and Philip II
Frederick drowns, Philip quits, Richard stalemates with Saladin
Jerusalem remains in Muslim hands
The Fourth Crusade, 1202
Pope Innocent III decides to launch the Fourth Crusade Second and Third
Crusades ended in stalemate and failure
Crusaders get involved in a Byzantine power dispute At the urging of Venice,
the knights of the Fourth Crusade commit one of the greatest atrocities in Western History
Sack of Constantinople, 1204
The Sack of Constantinople
For three days, the Crusaders destroyed the Christian city of Constantinople Priceless ancient and medieval Greek and
Roman works were destroyed Relics were stolen from churches The Library of Constantinople was burned
to the ground Unknown works of Sophocles were lost
Women and children were slaughtered Numerous churches were burned
Aftermath of The Crusades
Since 1187, parts of Jerusalem have remained in Muslim control
The Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church irrevocably split
The Crusades are still a source of tension between Christians and Muslims today
The massacre of Jews became a regular feature of European life
The Main Event
Write in your Civics notebook, underneath your notes, the MAIN EVENT The MAIN IDEA or IDEAS of today’s
lesson AT LEAST ONE thing you learned
today Any questions you may have