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Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom AnimaliaChapter 20Chapter 20
Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia Overview
◦Heterotrophic, acquire food by ingestion
◦Locomotion by means of muscles◦Multicellular, high degree of cell
specialization◦Adult is diploid◦Reproduction usually sexual, with
embryo undergoing developmental stages
30-2
Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia cont’dcont’d
Invertebrates- lack an endoskeleton of bone or cartilage◦All but one animal phylum are
invertebratesVertebrates- have an
endoskeleton of bone or cartilage
Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia cont’dcont’d
Common Name
Phylum Porifera Sponges
Phylum Cnidaria Cniderians
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flat Worms
Phylum Nematoda Round Worms
Phylum Mollusca Molluscs
Phylum Annelida Annelids
Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinoderms
Phylum Chordata Chordates
Animal diversityAnimal diversity
Fig. 30.1
Evolutionary Tree Fig. 30.2Evolutionary Tree Fig. 30.2Shows the division of Kingdom
Animalia based on major evolutionary stages.
7 major stages◦Multicellularity◦True tissues◦Bilateral Symmetry◦Tube within a tube◦Coelomates◦Segmentation◦Jointed Appendages
spo
ng
es (
Po
rife
ra)
cnid
aria
ns
(Cn
idar
ia)
flat
wo
rms
(Pla
tyh
elm
inth
es)
rou
nd
wo
rms
(Nem
ato
da)
mo
llu
scs
(Mo
llu
sca)
ann
elid
s (A
nn
elid
a)
arth
rop
od
s (A
rth
rop
od
a)
ech
ino
der
ms
(Ech
ino
der
mat
a)
cho
rdat
es (
Ch
ord
ata)
segmentation
Jointed appendages
segmentation
protostomes deuterostomes
coelomates pseudocoelomates
tube-within-a-tubeacoelomates,no body cavity
radial symmetry,two germ layers
true tissues,germ layers
bilateral symmetry,three germ layers
Multi-cellularity
no true tissues,no germ layers
ancestral protist
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
Evolutionary trends among Evolutionary trends among animalsanimalsLevel of organization
◦Cellular- no true tissues; sponges◦Tissue-have ectoderm and endoderm;
cnidarians like hydra◦Organ-have ectoderm, endoderm, and
mesoderm; majority of animalsType of body plan
◦Sac-plan- incomplete digestive system; cnidarians
◦Tube-within-a-tube plan-inner tube is digestive system, outer tube is body wall; two openings
30-8
Evolutionary trends among animals Evolutionary trends among animals cont’d.cont’d.Type of symmetry
◦ Asymmetrical-no particular symmetry◦ Radial symmetry-circular organization, can
be bisected in any plane to produce mirror images
◦ Bilateral symmetry-has definite right and left halves; only a cut down the midline will produce mirror images
Type of body cavity◦ Coelom-cavity that contains organs, and is
lined with mesoderm◦ Acoelomate-lacks a body cavity◦ Pseudocoelomate-body cavity incompletely
lined with mesoderm
30-9
Evolutionary trends among animals Evolutionary trends among animals cont’d.cont’d.Segmentation
◦Repetition of body parts◦Molluscs and echinoderms are
unsegmented coelomates◦Annelids, arthropods, and chordates are
segmented coelomates◦Leads to cephalization and specialization
of body partsJointed appendages
◦Specialized for locomotion◦ In arthropods, may be adapted as mouth
parts
30-10
General characteristics of animal General characteristics of animal phylaphyla
Table 30.1 30-11