Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom AnimaliaMulti-celled

Heterotrophic (Consumer)

Has a Nucleus (Eukaryotic)

It is the largest Kingdom so far. (See Link)There are over 1.3 million species of

Animals

How many of each type of How many of each type of AnimalAnimal

990,000

42,300

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

InvertebrateInvertebrate Animals AnimalsThey do not have a backboneClassification by structure can be

done in several ways.◦ Body Plan (See next Slides)◦ Presence or Absence of a Head, Most

animals have a head. But, some of the simpler animals like sponges do not have a brain or a head.

◦ Food Digestion ( Almost all animals have a gut. A gut is a pouch lined with cells that release powerful enzymes. The enzymes break the food down into very small particles that can be absorbed by the body.

Invertebrate Body PlansInvertebrate Body Plans

Radial Symmetry, Animals with radial symmetry have a body that is organized around the center like spokes on a bicycle wheel.

Invertebrate Body PlansInvertebrate Body Plans

Bilateral Symmetry, Animals with this type of body plan could be split into two resulting in identical halves.

Invertebrate Body PlansInvertebrate Body Plans

Asymmetrical; Animals with this body plan cannot be divided equally into two halves or be the same in any direction.

Invertebrate Groups Invertebrate Groups (Phyla)(Phyla)

Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda ,Echinodermata

Note: The animal phyla listed above are listed in order of most simple to most complex.

Vertebrate AnimalsClassesClass Mammals

- Have Fur - Make Milk - Have Lungs

Class Birds - Have Beaks - Have Wings and Feathers - Have Hollow Bones

Class Amphibians - Thin Skin for H20 - Smooth Skin

Class Fish - Have Scales - Have Gills

Class Reptiles - Scales and Dry Skin

1. Phylum Porifera- Have pores in body walls2. Phylum Cnidaria - Have Stingers/Nervous System3. Phylum Platyhelminthes - Have flattened bodies4. Phylum Nematoda - Have simple brain/round body5. Phylum Annelida - Advanced Nervous/Body Seg.6. Phylum Mollusca - Have Soft Body/Shells on Some7. Phylum Arthropoda - Jointed Legs/Exoskeleton8. Phylum Enchinodermata - Have Spines/Simple Nervous

Invertebrate AnimalsPhyla

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera: Station 1: Station 1

This phylum includes the sponges and are the simplest of all animals. They have no brain, nerves or gut. Most are found in the ocean.

They have pores in their body walls so that water can enter and they can filter feed.

Porifera Samples and Porifera Samples and Structural CharacteristicsStructural Characteristics

Kingdom: Animalia◦Phylum: Porifera (Pores in the body wall)

Common Name = Sponges Reproduction = Both Sexual and Asexual Symmetry = Assymetrical Classification Structures

1. Pores (meaning holes) in the body wall2. Skeleton of spicules 3. No nervous system (meaning brain, nerves etc.)4. Few organs and tissues and are multi-celled.

Samples: 1A Class Calcarera and Genus Hippospongia 1B Class Calcarera and Genus Grantia

Phylum Cnidaria: Station 2 Phylum Cnidaria: Station 2

This phylum include things like Jellyfish, Hydra, and Sea Anemones. They are more complex than sponges. They have a gut, and a nervous system

They have tentacles that sting

Sea Anemone

Hydra

Jelly Fish

Cnidaria Samples and Cnidaria Samples and Classification StructuresClassification Structures

Kingdom: Animalia◦Phlylum: Cnidaria

Common Name = Jelly Fish, Sea Anemones, Sea Urchin, Comb Jellies, Hydras, Corals etc.

Reproduction = Both Sexual and Asexual Symmetry = Radial Classification Structures

1. Net like nervous systems2. Stinging tenacles and are multi-celled3. They have a body cavity and a mouth but have few

organs and tissues. Samples: 2A = Comb Jelly, 2B = Sea Anemone, 2C

Jellies

Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Platyhelminthes: : Station 3Station 3

This includes flat worms. They have a head and a gut and even eyes. Examples include flukes and tapeworms.

They have flattened bodies

Pork Tapeworm

Platyhelminthes Samples Platyhelminthes Samples and Classification Structuresand Classification StructuresKingdom Animalia

◦Phylum: Platyhelminthes Common Name = Flat Worms,

Tapeworms, Fluke, Planarian. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two

parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures

1. Have a mouth but no tail end (blind gut)2. No hollow area inside and the bodies are flat.

Samples: 3A = Class Cestoda (tapeworm) 3B = Class Turbellaria (flatworm)

Phylum Nematodes: Phylum Nematodes: Station 4Station 4This group includes parasite type round

worms. They are very tiny and round. A single rotten apple lying on the ground could contain as many as 100,000 roundworms. They help break down dead animals and plants to build soil. They have a get and a very simple brain. They are parasites (meaning live on and in other things) and can infect humans. Some of the more popular forms are pin worms and hook worms.

These are cylinder (round) shaped worms

Nematoda Samples and Nematoda Samples and Classification StructuresClassification Structures

Kingdom: Animalia◦Phylum: Nematoda

Common Name = Round Worm. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures

1. Nematodes have round bodies.2. They have no circulatory system 3. Have a simple nervous system4. Have two layers of cells tissues and organs.

Samples: 4A = Genus Ascaris 4B = Genus Lumbricus Species terrestris

Phylum Annelida: Phylum Annelida: Station 5Station 5

These include segmented worms. They have a more advanced nervous system and gut than the more simple invertebrates

Bodies are made of identical repeating segments

Annelida Samples and Annelida Samples and Classification Structures. Classification Structures. Kingdom: Animalia

◦Phylum: Annelida (segmented worms) Common Name = Earth Worms, Delightful

rain, and dew. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures

1. Has a true body cavity (coelom).2. Has a mouth and a tail end. 3. Has a closed circulatory system (meaning blood

contained in vessels instead of out in the open)4. Has a nervous system, and segmented bodies.

Samples: No Sample (sorry)

Phylum Mollusca: Phylum Mollusca: Station 6Station 6This group includes snails, clams and

squid, oysters and more. They have the most advanced nervous system of all invertebrates. You will get to dissect a squid.

They have soft bodies and some are covered by a shell.

SquidOctopus

Molluska Samples and Molluska Samples and Classification StructuresClassification StructuresKingdom: Animalia

◦Phylum: Mollusca Common Name = squid, octopi, snails, clams, slugs,

oysters, etc. . Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures

1. Mollusks have many cell layers

2. They have tissues and organs,

3. They have no body cavity or hollow place

4. They have a nervous system, open circulatory system, and kidneys.

5. Some have gills for breathing in water.

6. Some have shells.

7. Some have a muscular foot for movement.

Samples: 6A = Genus Helix (land snail) There are two samples to

see.

Phylum Arthropoda: Phylum Arthropoda: Station 7Station 7This group includes spiders, ticks,

insects, and crustaceans and more. This group is the largest group of animals on earth. In fact 75% of all animals are arthropods.

This group may have many joints in their legs, a segmented body, an exoskeleton and a very well developed nervous system.

Stag Beetle: Class Insecta

Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda

King Crab: Class Crustacea Stag Beetle: Class Insecta

Lynx Spider: Class Arachnida

Millipede: Class Millipede

Centipede: Class Centipede

Arthopod Samples and Arthopod Samples and Classification StructuresClassification StructuresKingdom: Animalia

◦ Phylum Arthropoda Common Name = insects (class insecta), spiders (class

arachnid), crayfish and lobster (class crustacea), rolly polly bugs, scorpians, trilobites (extinct) millipedes and centipedes.

Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical Classification Structures

1. Have many cell layers2. Have tissues and organs. 3. Havemany cells, a body cavity, 3 to 400 + pairs of jointed legs, an

exoskeleton, 4. Have 2 or 3 body sections,

Samples: 7A = Class Crustacea (crayfish) 7B = Class Insecta (lubber grasshopper) 7C = Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crab) 7D = Class Trilobite. THIS ONE IS EXTINCT.

Phylum Echinodermata: Phylum Echinodermata: Station 8Station 8

This includes starfish, and sea urchins and others. They have a simple nervous system similar to the jelly fish.

They have spines on their surface.

Sea Urchin

Brittle Star

Echinodermata Samples and Echinodermata Samples and Classification StructuresClassification StructuresKingdom Animalia

◦ Phylum Echinodermata Common Name = starfish, sea urchin, britter star, sand dollar,

sea cucumbers and etc. Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents) Symmetry = mostly radial sometimes bilateral. Classification Structures

1. Have spines on the surface and radial symmetry.2. Have 5 rays or arms3. Have many cells tissues and organs4. Have a true body cavity

Samples: 8A = Class echnoidea (sea urchin). 8B = Class asteroidea (starfish) 8C = Class echnoidea (sand dollar)

Phylum Chordata (The Phylum Chordata (The Vertebrates)Vertebrates)These animals have a backbone

and skullThere are five main classes of

the Phylum Chordata: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals and Birds.

FishFishHave gills for breathing in waterHave scalesHave fins for moving

◦ There are about 28,100 species of fishes known, they are divided into 4 classes, 59 orders, 490 families and about 4,300 genus groups. The classification system of fish is not unchanging and it will change when we have more knowledge, perhaps from DNA analyses. Class Myxini (Hagfish are eel-shaped, slime-producing, marine fish

occasionally called slime eels) Class Cephalspidomorphi (Lampreys or Early Jawless Fish with an eel like body

form) Class Chondrichthyes (Sharks and Rays or Cartilage Fish) Osteichthyes (Trout, Salmon and etc.)

See Link

AmphibiansAmphibiansMost amphibians living today are frogs or

salamanders. They are thin skinned and absorb water

through the skin.Live in water and on land. Frogs, Toads, Salamanders

Orders of AmphibiansOrders of Amphibians

Gymnophiona Order

Caecilian

Anura Order

Frogs and Toads

Anura Order

Salamanders Newts

ReptilesReptilesThese are ancient. They are thick

skinned and cold blooded. This means that they can’t maintain their own body temperature.

They main types of reptiles are crocodiles, alligators, lizards, and snakes.

Dry skin and scales and breath air with lungs or lung like structures.

BirdsBirdsThey have beaks instead of jaws

and teeth. They also have wings and

feathers that adapt them for flight.

Breath Air with Lungs or Lung Like Structures

MammalsMammalsHave Fur or HairBreath with LungsMake Milk with Mammary GlandsGive Live Birth and Have a Placenta