Kick Off Techniques

7/22/2019 Kick Off Techniques

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Kick-Off Techniques

Hassan Alemi

Drilling & Measurement Instructor

UTC


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Objectives

On completion of this module you will be able to:

Describe the four primary kick-off methods

Explain where and why each method is preferred

Design a BHA for each type of method

Select appropriate Bits for the chosen technique

Work as a second hand on a kick-off operation


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What is a Kick-off

A kick-off is the deflection of well bore

while maintaining control of Azimuth,

Inclination and DLS.


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Kick-off Methods

The following are methods of Kick-off:

Jetting deflection

Whipstock deflection

Motor deflection

Rotary Steerable deflection


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Kick-off Methods

Lithology is the key to selecting the most appropriate

method:

1 4 5 6 7 8

Igneous &

MetamorphicSedimentary


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Kick-off Methods

1 4 5 6 7 8

Igneous &

Metamorphic

Jetting Whipstoc

k

Motor

Igneous &

MetamorphicSedimentary


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Jetting

Jetting is the utilization of hydraulics to wash a pocket

beneath and to the side of the bit to cause deflection.

Jetting was, until recently considered redundant.However with the increased requirement to exit

mature platforms where clearances between wells

are too tight to utilize anti-collision practices with

steerable motor systems, jetting has become the onlyeconomic alternative.


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Jetting Bits

Two cone jetting bits like this

one from RBIare

available but rarely seen

in the field:

-500/SEC Nozzle Velocity

-Strong right hand walk 2cone


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Jetting Bits

Conventional roller cone bits

are commonly used for

jetting and are adequate

for the task :


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Jetting BHA

BHAs for jetting need to be designed on the principles of

conventional Rotary Build BHAs:

Jetting Bit (oriented)

Near Bit Full Gauge Stabilizer Orientation Sub (UBHO) (dependent on measurement

tool)

Up to 3 Drill Collars ( 12 to 26 hole) or (MWD + 2

DCs)

String Stabilizer (optional, as is gauge if present)

Transition string, jars etc. as required


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Jetting ProcedureThe steps to follow are:

1. Orient BHA prior to commencing (Scribe or

survey)

2. Come on bottom using maximum flow rate

(>500/sec)3. Spud for +/- 6 (2m)

4. Rotate remainder of double at reduced flow

rate.

5. Survey (if retrievable tool or use cont. D&I if

MWD)

6. Adjust orientation and distance spudded as


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Whipstocks

Whipstocks are highly effective tools designed to

provide lateral displacement from the well-bore.

They do not give very large changes in dogleg but due

to the fact that what is provided is done in a verysmall change in MD. They generate high DLS

values.

Though whipstocks are a niche market tool their range

and diversity is on the increase.


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Whipstocks

Whipstocks come in five primary types:

Open Hole Retrievable Whipstocks

Open / Cased Hole Cemented Whipstocks Open Hole Packer Whipstocks

Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstocks

Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstocks


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Open / Cased Hole CementedWhipstock

Features:

2 run (minimum) system

Hollow, Bladed & Ported tail

Inexpensive

Simple & Reliable

Problems in field when making Low

side kick-offs


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Open / Cased Hole CementedWhipstock


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Open Hole Packer Whipstock

2 run system

Cement inflated Packer Costly

Complex but Reliable (hole conditions)

Features:


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Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstock

1, 2 or 3 run system

Mechanically Set Packer Inexpensive

Simple

Requires Cement Plug or Bridge Plugto set

Features:


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Cased Hole Mechanical Set Whipstock


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Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstock

1, 2 or 3 run system

Hydraulically Set Packer Costly

Simple

Set at any depth or orientationrequired

Features:


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Cased Hole Hydraulic Set Whipstock


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Motors

Plentiful Supply, usually already on location

Cost effective for most applications Tenacious

Able to meet objectives after the Kick-off is

completed

Highly flexible in controlling DLS

Motors are the predominate method of kicking offa well for the following reasons:


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Motors

For the vast majority of side-tracks there is little or no

issue. A history of successful sidetracks are documented

in many of the formations that we encounter.

The focus of this presentation is on the exceptionsto

this rule, where side-tracks are problematicor where this

is the second or subsequent attempt to side-track the

well.


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Motors

When there is doubt attached to the probability of the

side-track a different approach is required. Issues need

to be addressed in the following areas:

Clients attitude Bit selection

Available Data

Bend setting & Orientation

Time Drilling


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Client Attitude

When the success of a side-track is not a foregone

conclusion the client needs to be made aware of:

The Side-track is the objective of the current

operation

Our commitment to success

The Time drilling program

The likely outcome of our actions The factors that have limited our success previously

The contingency plan


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Bit Selection

Bit selection should be based on the short term

requirement:Is durability a requirement?

NO

What are our requirements?

Ability to side-cut into this formation

What kind of bit will do this?


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Bit Selection

There are specialized PDC side-tracking bits:


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Bit Selection

And specialized Natural Diamond side-tracking bits:


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Bit Selection

There are certain characteristics common to fixed cutter

bits designed for side-tracking:

The bit must not be inherently stable

Shallow Cone

Negligible Taper

Minimal Gauge Protection

Short Shank High cutter density on the edge


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Bit Selection

When a dedicated fixed cutter bit is not available we

need to select the most appropriate roller cone bit. The

qualities that we are looking are those that will give us

the best side-cutting action.

Which bit will be most effective in side-tracking?

a) An insert bit

b) A milled tooth bit

c) It depends on the formation


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Bit Selection

To decide we need to consider the method used to

protect the gauge in the two different roller cone bit

types.

Insert bits are fitted with gauge

inserts

Milled Bits have no such apparentprotection


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Bit Selection

Another feature to consider is Skew:

Insert bits mostly have a Low

Skew

Milled tooth bits for soft

formation have a High Skew


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Bit Selection

Recap

When a problematic side-track is expected:

Dedicated Side-track bits are most effective Milled tooth bits are preferred to Insert bits

1-1-X bits are not suitable except in soft

formations

Hydraulics must be considered


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Available Data

When Preparing a Side-track it is advisable to use all the

information available to you to ensure success.

Sources of relevant data include:

Mud Log

Lithology

ROP

Problems and Observations i.e. losses, torque


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Available Data


Geolograph / Martin Decker Sheet

ROP

Comments & Observations

Wireline logs

Caliper

Porosity

Resistivity Passive Gamma


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Available Data


D&M data

Surveys

Observations

IADC Report

Some of this data will need to be interpreted as few

people like to report actions or events that reflectbadly on themselves, preferring to cloud the issue.


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Bend Setting & Orientation

Bend Setting function of DLS requirement

Increasing the bend provides a greater offset andthus a higher side-force.

The exception is when coming off a plug that hasstringers in it.


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Bend Setting & Orientation

Orientation is a function of Objective:

We need to decide what is most important

To never reenter the old hole

To correct the direction of the well toward a target

To facilitate to the maximum the side-track

Each of these will require a different approach


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Time Drilling

To time drill we need to plan our strategy based on:

ROP when drilled

Type & Behavior of Formation

Well Path close to the Side-track

Logs of this well or similar offset well

Use all available sources of information


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Time Drilling

Decide your game plan:

Time drilling Rate & Distance for each step

Inform Client Rep & Driller / Toolpusher

Maximize Block height

Be aware of Lag time

Watch cutting ratios

Sample catch quality Switch to WOB drilling


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Time Drilling Rules

In a tough sidetrack:

Dont let the client fluster you

Yes you can slow down again

It is never as bad as it seems

Patience wins through

The cost of setting a new plug is higher than drilling

slower


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Open hole Sidetrack


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Rotary Steerable

PD & whipstock kickoffs

Kick off from vertical

Open hole side tracks

That can be in three following part:

Sidetracking with PowerDrive


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Sidetracking with PowerDriveWhipstock

Ensure a decent rat hole is drilled 2-5m minimum, but do not

drill too far as mill may start to drop angle and track casing.

Ensure that the mills are in gauge after milling the window.

Ideally set toolface angle of the whipface at between 60 and

110 either left or right. This reduces the chance of trackingdown along the casing.

Do not rotate the tool through the window if possible.

Wash through the window and use low flow to prevent pad

damage.

Sidetracking with PowerDrive


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Sidetracking with PowerDriveWhipstock

Start drilling with reduced drilling parameters (WOB/RPM) to

prevent pad damage.

Use 100% setting to prevent PowerDrive tracking down the

side of the casing. Then cut back to required setting once clear

of the sidetrack.

If Whipstock, is a cased hole Whipstock then gravity toolface

must be used and if that is the case then sufficient angle must

be in the hole ie + 4-5 degrees. (SQ failure NS)

Kick off out of WhipstockPD475 (XOM


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B57)

Casing Interaction at kick off point

19

19.5

20

20.5

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21.5

22

22.5

23

23.5

24

10000

1001

0

1002

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10030

1004

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10050

10060

1007

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10080

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00

1011

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30

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50

Hole Depth

Powerdrive

Inclination

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100PDINCL (DEG)

Steering Setting

2 per. Mov. Avg. (SteeringSetting)2 per. Mov. Avg. (PDINCL (DEG))

Build Rate

5+deg/100

Build Rate

1.5deg/100

Kevin Gray 12th October 2002

Drop Rate

28deg/10

0

Casing Interaction areas

Bit damaged ?

Hole angle: 24 degrees.

At low initial setting PD BHA

started to track Casing.

Kick off from vertical


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Close to full gauge stabilizer (1/8 UG)

Allows maximum 3D steerability

Select bit type with aggressive side cutting action

Fully active gauge

Program the SCB for 4 pulse telemetry (GTF / MTF)

Start with maximum bias on the required magnetic TF

Establish kick off before reducing bias %

Downlink to gravity TF once above +/- 5 degrees inc.

Make any azimuth corrections early Do not work pipe close to bottom on connections

Sidetracking off a Cement plug


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g p g Ensure the cement is of sufficient quality and quantity

Consider using a flex joint and a near or full gauge control

stabilizer to maximize the steering response

Set the tool to a suitable steer angle with the maximum

proportion (100%)

If the cement plug is firm and able to take weight, attempt to drilloff using normal drilling RPM but controlled ROP

If the cement plug remains soft, consider waiting for the cement

to harden

Monitor the Inc from the tool to avoid excessive doglegs

Openhole sidetracking with PowerDrive


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Openhole sidetracking with PowerDrive

Should only be considered in high angle holes.

Formation drillability is key, softer/easier/quicker.

Choose a point with abrupt change in profile.ChevTex UK

put customized build sections into profile to enable OHST.

Be patient when creating ledge.

Set tool to 100% lowside, this only helps initially, then gravity

takes over.

Use high RPM and a bit with good side cutting ability.

After sidetrack is initiated monitor cont inc to control DLS.

S mmar


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Summary

Four primary kick-off methods

- Five primary types of Whipstocks

Explain where and why each method is preferred

Issues need to be addressed in Motor deflection Rotary Steerable


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Question????????????????????

Documents

Kick Off Techniques