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4th Aviation and Environment Conference
KHOO HOCK AUNMANAGING DIRECTOR/CEO,
COSMO BIOFUELS GROUP, MALAYSIAVICE CHAIR, ROUNDTABLE ON SUSTAINABLE BIOFUELS
Greener Skies
September 27, 2011, Island Shangri-La Hotel, Hong Kong
BIOFUELS HAVE ARRIVED: THE LOGISTICS OF GETTING THEM ON
BOARDSession 2 Panel 2
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Cost and supply are the greatest barriers to a sustainable supply of aviation biofuels.
What needs to be done to by governments and industry to create this chain of sustainable production at affordable cost?
Marketing to Airlines
- Source/Production
- Analysis of Competitive Environment
- Supply Chain Issues - Size of the Problem
- Elegance of the Solution
Bio Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene
AVIATION SECTOR
Aviation industry seeks early adoption biofuel
10% replacement by 2030 requires 20.4 Mtoe biofuels.
Aviation industry requires truly sustainable biofuels; Regulations are fierce; Prefer 2nd generation sources such as jatropha, algae, camelina. USA has focus on domestically grown camelina.
Research and development intosuperior planting material,seed production,
nurseries, and establishingstrategic plantations
Development of viable contract-farminghybridised with plantation methodology
Establishment of sufficient logistical and expellation infrastructure for the farmers
and plantations to process their harvested seeds into crude jatropha oil
Development of a practical safe Refinery Network to create BIO-SPK product in demand
Establishment of a trading platform to create a market for the jatropha based aviation biofuel
Research & Development Initiatives
Advanced Plantation Approaches
AgribusinessSupporting Infrastructure
Bio-SPK Refinery System
Trading Platform
Jatropha curcas is cultivated in almost all tropical and subtropical countries
JATROPHA CURCAS
JATROPHA CURCAS
OIL PALM BELT
BELT
BELT
Indicative Prioritisation Factors of Jatropha Plantations/Farms Establishment by Country
Country LabourCost
Availabilityof Labour
Availability of Land
Rainfall Fuel Security
China Low High High Mixed High
Indonesia Low High High High Low
Cambodia Very Low
High Very High
Mixed High
Malaysia VeryHigh
Low Low High Low
Philippines Low High High High High
Thailand High High Low Low High
Myanmar Low High High Mixed High
India Low High High Low High
Laos Low High High Mixed High
Vietnam Low High High Mixed Low
The Jatropha Bio-jetfuel value chain for sustainable feedstock
Criteria of partners
Potential stakeholders
Research &
Development
– Three continents to be covered
– Professional fields and management
– Land availability
– Technological ability to produce biojet fuel
– Optimal Logistic to fueling hubs
– FFP – Fit for Purpose logistic integration
– Off take contracts
– Embrapa Agroenergia
– Other research institutions
– …
– Curcas – Americas
– Inocas -Africa– Cosmo -Asia
– Petrochemical Partners
– “Green field”– …
– Aviation Logistic Operators
– End users: airlines, airports
SUSTAINABILITY:
PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
To cross-check the RSB criteria on the Brazilian Bio-jetfuel Platform: Inocas, Yale University, Fundacao Espaco Eco
– Curcas, Inocas, Cosmo, Santiago
Example Jatropha value chain… - steps toward professional scaling up of operations
SustainableFeedstock
BioJetFuel production
BioJetFuel use
– Track record in plant sciences
– Experience in Jatropha research
The Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels (RSB)
The RSB is an international multi-stakeholder voluntary initiative developing a sustainability certification program for biofuels production. The RSB standard is …
• generic to all crops,
• adaptable to new information,
• truly multi-stakeholder;
… and includes …
• environmental criteria
• social criteria
RSB Principles Principle 1: Biofuel operations shall follow all applicable
laws and regulations. Principle 2: Sustainable biofuel operations shall be
planned, implemented, and continuously improved through an open, transparent, and consultative Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and an economic viability analysis.
Principle 3. Biofuels shall contribute to climate change mitigation by significantly reducing lifecycle GHG emissions as compared to fossil fuels.
Principle 4. Biofuel operations shall not violate human rights or labor rights, and shall promote decent work and the well-being of workers.
Principle 5. In regions of poverty, biofuel operations shall contribute to the social and economic development of local, rural and indigenous people and communities.
Principle 6. Biofuel operations shall ensure the human right to adequate food and improve food security in food insecure regions.
RSB Principles (contd)
Principle 7. Biofuel operations shall avoid negative impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, and other conservation values
Principle 8: Biofuel operations shall implement practices that seek to reverse soil degradation and/or maintain soil health.
Principle 9. Biofuel operations shall maintain or enhance the quality and quantity of surface and ground water resources, and respect prior formal or customary water rights.
Principle 10. Air pollution from biofuel operations shall be minimized along the supply chain.
Principle 11: Use of Technology, Inputs, and Management of Waste.
Principle 12. Biofuel operations shall respect land rights and land use rights.
reporting of :certificates
risk assessmentsrisk management reports
self evaluationsindependent audits
application Self Risk
Assessment
decision by the RSB
SOE
Compliance with RSB Standard for
Participating OperatorOperator
YES
application to Certification BodySelf Risk AssessmentFull Self Evaluation
audit planning
Participating Operator
independent audit
NO
compliantCertificate
Re-auditing
not compliant
Overview of the RSB Certification System
Properties of the Ideal Biofuel
No Feedstock Limitations Easy to Ship and Store Fits into Existing Infrastructure Produced Using Proven Chemistry/Biology
Despite Years of Effort, No Second Generation Biofuels Have Been Fully Commercialized – Why Not?
14
Timeline for Commercialization of Algal Biofuels and ProductsPhase 1: 2010 For High Value Markets - Phase 2: Fuel Markets Begin in 2011-2012
2009 – Algae R&D Projects Mature, Start of Sales Into Higher-Value Non-Fuel Markets
2010 – Algae Pilot Projects & Demonstration Projects Increase in Scale & Production
2011 – Early Algae Fuel Production Projects Arrive For Defense, Government, CO2
2011– Early-Stage C02 Capture Projects Arrive (Expensive at first, then cheaper)
2012-2015: Scale Up: Commercial Projects, Production, Markets (Costs decrease)
2010-2015: Phase 1: Smaller Markets: Higher-Value Commodity Products: Pharma/Nutraceuticals, Animal Feed Supplements, High Value Oils, Green Polymers: Bio-Degradable Chemicals, Materials, Additives
2012-2020: Increased Production, Competition Lowers Costs, Market Share Increases To Commercialization
2012-2020: Phase 2: Big Markets: Algae Grows as a Commodity for Fuels: Biodiesel, Biocrude, Drop in Fuels, Ethanol, Aviation Fuels, Animal Feed, Large-Scale Green Chemical Markets, Plastics, Polymers Emerge
* Note - will be expensive at first, then cheaper as production increases
Source ALGAE 2020 STUDY, Emerging Markets Online
THANK YOU !!
Contact Details:Khoo Hock Aun
Mobile : +6016-301 4079 Email :
[email protected]@gmail.com
COSMO BIOFUELS GROUP