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IA
ND
S’
Vis
ion
Sta
tem
en
t
We
envi
sio
n a
fu
ture
in
wh
ich
th
e st
udy
of
nea
r-d
eath
exp
erie
nce
s is
est
ab
lish
ed a
nd
in
teg
rate
d i
nto
all
rele
van
t sc
ien
tifi
c, a
cad
emic
, h
ealt
hca
re a
nd
spir
itu
al/
reli
gio
us
com
mu
nit
ies.
We
envi
sio
n a
fu
ture
in
wh
ich
all
nea
r-d
eath
exp
erie
nce
rs a
re a
ccep
ted,
resp
ecte
d a
nd
sup
po
rted
by
thei
r h
ealt
hca
re p
rovi
der
s, f
am
ilie
s, c
o-w
ork
ers,
an
d t
he
pu
bli
c a
t la
rge,
as
they
in
teg
rate
thei
r
exp
erie
nce
s in
to t
hei
r li
ves.
We
envi
sio
n a
fu
ture
in
wh
ich
peo
ple
fro
m a
ll w
alk
s
of
life
, re
lig
ions
an
d c
ult
ure
s w
ill
loo
k a
t n
ear-
dea
th
exp
erie
nce
s as
a p
ote
nti
al
sou
rce
of
mea
nin
g a
nd
insp
ira
tio
n.
IA
ND
S’
Mis
sio
n S
tate
men
t
To
bu
ild
glo
ba
l u
nd
erst
an
din
g o
f n
ear-
dea
th a
nd
nea
r-d
eath
-lik
e ex
per
ien
ces
thro
ug
h r
esea
rch,
edu
cati
on
an
d s
up
po
rt.
Ne
ar
-De
ath
Ex
pe
rie
nce
s:
Ke
y F
act
s
Inte
rna
tio
na
l A
sso
cia
tio
n f
or
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s
2741
Ca
mp
us
Wa
lk A
ven
ue,
Bu
ild
ing
500
Du
rha
m, N
C 2
7705
-887
8
Ph
on
e:
919-
383-
7940
Em
ail
:
serv
ices
@ia
nd
s.o
rg
Web
sit
e:
ww
w.i
an
ds.
org
12
5
0 G
rey
son
, B
. (1
98
1).
Ne
ar-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces
and
Att
emp
ted
Su
icid
e.
Su
icid
e an
d
Lif
e-T
hre
aten
ing
Beh
avio
r. 1
1, 1
0-1
6.
51 S
uth
erla
nd
, C
. (1
99
0).
5
2 F
lyn
n,
C. (
19
82
).
53 B
au
er,
M.
(19
85
). N
ear-
Dea
th E
xp
erie
nce
s a
nd
Att
itu
din
al C
ha
ng
e.
An
abio
sis:
Jou
rnal
of
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s. 5
. 39
-46
. 5
4 R
ing
, K.
(19
98
).
55 M
usg
rav
e,
C. (
19
97
).
56 S
uth
erla
nd
, C
. (1
98
9).
Psy
chic
Ph
en
om
en
a F
oll
ow
ing
Ne
ar-D
eat
h E
xp
erie
nce
s:
An
Au
stra
lian
Stu
dy
. Jo
urn
al o
f N
ear-
Dea
th S
tud
ies
8. 9
9.
57 G
rey
son
, B
. (1
98
3).
In
cre
ase
in
Psy
chic
Ph
eno
men
a F
oll
ow
ing
Nea
r-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces.
Th
eta.
11
: 26
-29
. 5
8 R
ing
, K.
(19
84
).
59 M
igli
ore
. V
. (2
00
7).
6
0 T
ho
ma
s, W
.I.
an
d T
ho
ma
s, D
.S.
(19
28
). T
he
Ch
ild
in
Am
eric
a. N
ew
Yo
rk.
NY
.
61 C
hri
stia
n,
S.R
. (2
00
5).
Mar
ita
l sa
tisf
act
ion
an
d s
tab
ilit
y f
oll
ow
ing
a n
ear-
de
ath
exp
erie
nce
of
on
e o
f th
e m
arit
al p
art
ner
s. U
niv
ersi
ty o
f N
ort
h T
exa
s D
isse
rtat
ion
.
Av
ail
ab
le a
t
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
nt.
ed
u/e
td/a
ll/A
ug
ust
20
05
/Op
en/c
hri
stia
n_
san
dra
_ro
zan
/in
de
x.h
tm
62 C
hri
stia
n,
S.R
. (2
00
5).
6
3 N
oy
es,
R.
(19
80
).
64 R
ing
, K.
(19
84
).
65 S
tou
t, Y
. et.
al.
(2
00
6)
Six
Maj
or
Ch
all
eng
es
Fa
ced
by
Nea
r-D
eat
h E
xp
erie
nce
rs.
Jou
rnal
of
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s 2
9. 4
9-6
2.
66 S
tou
t, Y
. (2
00
6).
6
7 H
off
man
, R
. (1
99
5).
Dis
clo
sure
Ha
bit
s A
fter
Ne
ar-D
eath
Ex
pe
rie
nce
s:
Infl
ue
nce
s, O
bst
acl
es,
an
d L
iste
ner
Se
lect
ion
. Jo
urn
al o
f N
ear-
Dea
th S
tud
ies
14
.30
. 6
8 P
enn
eb
ak
er,
J. W
. et.
al.
(1
98
8).
Dis
clo
sure
of
Tra
um
as
an
d I
mm
un
e F
un
ctio
n:
Hea
lth
Im
pli
cati
on
s fo
r P
sych
oth
era
py
. Jo
urn
al o
f C
onsu
ltin
g a
nd
Cli
nic
al
Psy
chol
ogy
. 56
. 23
9-2
45
.
up
dat
ed
7.2
4.0
7
1
Ke
y F
act
s a
bo
ut
Ne
ar-
De
ath
Ex
pe
rie
nce
s
De
fin
itio
ns
Nea
r-d
eath
exp
erie
nce
s ar
e p
rofo
un
d p
sych
olo
gic
al e
ven
ts w
ith
tran
scen
den
tal
and
my
stic
al e
lem
ents
ty
pic
ally
occ
urr
ing
to
ind
ivid
ual
s cl
ose
to
dea
th o
r in
sit
uat
ion
s o
f in
ten
se p
hy
sica
l o
r
emo
tio
nal
dan
ger
.1
ND
Es
bel
on
g t
o a
lar
ger
fam
ily
of
exp
erie
nce
s th
at t
ran
scen
d t
he
usu
al l
imit
s o
f sp
ace
and
/or
tim
e an
d h
ave
the
po
ten
tial
to
tran
sfo
rm a
per
son
’s l
ife
and
bel
iefs
. Th
ey a
re o
ften
cal
led
spir
itu
ally
tra
nsf
orm
ativ
e, c
on
ver
sio
n, m
yst
ical
, o
r tr
ansp
erso
nal
exp
erie
nce
s.
On
e-fo
urt
h o
f th
e 80
0 p
eop
le w
ho
hav
e su
bm
itte
d t
hei
r
exp
erie
nce
s to
th
e IA
ND
S o
nli
ne
surv
ey r
epo
rted
th
ey w
ere
no
t
clo
se t
o d
eath
or
dea
d a
t th
e ti
me.
In
stea
d, t
hey
wer
e in
emo
tio
nal
ly i
nte
nse
sit
uat
ion
s, m
edit
atin
g, s
leep
ing
or
in
ord
inar
y s
tate
s o
f co
nsc
iou
snes
s w
hen
th
is p
hen
om
eno
n
occ
urr
ed. I
AN
DS
ref
ers
to t
hes
e as
“n
ear-
dea
th-l
ike
exp
erie
nce
s”
or
ND
LE
s. S
even
ty-f
ive
per
cen
t h
ad a
su
bje
ctiv
e se
nse
of
bei
ng
clo
se t
o d
eath
, wer
e in
a l
ife-
thre
aten
ing
sit
uat
ion
or
felt
th
ey
wer
e cl
inic
ally
dea
d. 2
Fe
atu
res
in t
he
ND
E
Mo
re t
han
15
com
mo
n f
eatu
res
in t
he
ND
E h
ave
bee
n r
epo
rted
by
nea
r-d
eath
exp
erie
nce
rs.
An
ND
E m
ay i
ncl
ud
e o
nly
on
e o
r
two
of
thes
e el
emen
ts, a
nd
, in
a f
ew c
ases
, all
of
them
. Th
ese
incl
ud
e: a
sen
se o
f b
ein
g o
uts
ide
on
e’s
ph
ysi
cal b
od
y,
som
etim
es
per
ceiv
ing
it
fro
m a
n o
uts
ide
po
siti
on
; a s
ense
of
mo
vem
ent
thro
ug
h d
ark
nes
s o
r a
tun
nel
; in
ten
se e
mo
tio
ns;
hei
gh
ten
ed
per
cep
tio
ns;
exp
erie
nci
ng
a g
reat
lig
ht
or
dar
kn
ess;
per
ceiv
ing
a
spir
itu
al r
ealm
, wh
ich
may
in
clu
de
viv
idly
mem
ora
ble
lan
dsc
apes
; en
cou
nte
rs w
ith
dec
ease
d l
ov
ed o
nes
, sp
irit
ual
bei
ng
s an
d/o
r re
lig
iou
s fi
gu
res;
kn
ow
led
ge
of
the
nat
ure
of
the
un
iver
se;
a li
fe r
evie
w; a
sen
se o
f o
nen
ess
and
2
inte
rco
nn
ecte
dn
ess;
a b
ord
er o
f n
o r
etu
rn;
a se
nse
of
hav
ing
kn
ow
led
ge
of
the
futu
re; m
essa
ges
reg
ard
ing
lif
e’s
pu
rpo
se. 3
,4
N
o t
wo
exp
erie
nce
s ar
e id
enti
cal
and
no
sin
gle
fea
ture
is
fou
nd
in
ev
ery
ND
E. 5
T
he
mo
st c
om
mo
nly
rep
ort
ed t
yp
e o
f N
DE
in
vo
lves
inte
nse
fee
lin
gs
of
pea
ce, j
oy
an
d l
ov
e, o
ften
an
enco
un
ter
wit
h a
n u
nco
nd
itio
nal
ly l
ov
ing
lig
ht.
H
arro
win
g e
xper
ien
ces
are
som
etim
es r
epo
rted
inv
olv
ing
sim
ilar
co
mm
on
ele
men
ts b
ut
wit
h o
pp
osi
te
emo
tio
nal
sta
tes—
extr
eme
fear
, iso
lati
on
, no
n-b
ein
g,
con
fusi
on
, occ
asio
nal
to
rmen
t o
r g
uil
t. T
wo
su
bst
anti
al
stu
die
s h
ave
rep
ort
ed t
he
per
cen
tag
e o
f th
ese
ND
Es
as
17%
an
d 1
8%, 6
, 7
alth
ou
gh
sm
alle
r st
ud
ies
hav
e fo
un
d a
s
man
y a
s 30
%;
8
two
on
lin
e N
DE
sit
es r
epo
rt i
nci
den
ces
of
8.6%
an
d 1
5%. 9
, 10
A L
ittl
e H
isto
ry
T
he
earl
iest
kn
ow
n d
escr
ipti
on
of
a n
ear-
dea
th
exp
erie
nce
was
rec
ou
nte
d b
y P
lato
in
his
“M
yth
of
Er,
”
fou
nd
at
the
end
of
Bo
ok
X o
f T
he R
epu
blic
, w
hic
h w
as
wri
tten
c. 4
20 B
.C. A
cco
un
ts c
an b
e fo
un
d i
n t
he
folk
lore
and
wri
tin
gs
of
Eu
rop
ean
, Mid
dle
Eas
tern
, Afr
ican
, E
ast
Ind
ian
, Eas
t A
sian
, P
acif
ic a
nd
Nat
ive
Am
eric
an
cult
ure
s. 1
1
T
he
term
“n
ear-
dea
th e
xp
erie
nce
” w
as c
oin
ed b
y D
r.
Ray
mo
nd
Mo
od
y i
n h
is b
oo
k L
ife
Aft
er L
ife
in 1
975.
12
T
he
Inte
rnat
ion
al A
sso
ciat
ion
fo
r N
ear-
Dea
th S
tud
ies
(IA
ND
S)
was
fo
rmed
in
198
1 b
y a
gro
up
of
rese
arch
ers
sub
seq
uen
t to
th
e o
utp
ou
rin
g o
f re
qu
ests
fo
r m
ore
info
rmat
ion
ab
ou
t N
DE
s.
Pre
va
len
ce o
f N
DE
s
S
urv
eys
tak
en i
n t
he
US
,13 A
ust
rali
a14 a
nd
Ger
man
y1
5
sug
ges
t th
at 4
to
15
% o
f th
e p
op
ula
tio
n h
ave
had
ND
Es.
11
2
6 B
ush
, N
.E. (
20
06
).
27 G
rey
son
, B
. (1
99
1).
Ne
ar-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces
Pre
cip
itat
ed
by
Su
icid
e A
ttem
pt:
La
ck o
f In
flu
ence
of
Psy
cho
pat
ho
log
y, R
eli
gio
n,
and
Ex
pe
ctat
ion
s. J
ourn
al o
f
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s. 9
:3,
2
8 R
ing
. K. (
19
80
).
29
Fen
wic
k, P
. htt
p:/
/ww
w.n
ear
-de
ath
.co
m/e
xp
erie
nce
s/su
icid
e02
.htm
l 3
0 G
rey
son
, B
. (2
00
3).
In
cid
ence
an
d C
orr
ela
tes
of
Ne
ar-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces
in a
Car
dia
c C
are
Un
it.
Gen
eral
Hos
pit
al P
sych
iatr
y. 2
5:2
69
-27
6.
31 F
enw
ick
. P
. (2
00
4).
Sci
ence
an
d S
pir
itu
ali
ty: A
Ch
all
eng
e fo
r th
e 2
1st C
entu
ry.
Th
e B
ruce
Gre
yso
n L
ectu
re f
rom
th
e In
tern
atio
nal
Ass
ocia
tion
for
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s
20
04
An
nu
al C
onfe
ren
ce.
htt
p:/
/ia
nd
s.o
rg/r
ese
arch
/im
po
rtan
t_st
ud
ies/
dr.
_p
eter
_fe
nw
ick
_m
.d._
scie
nce
_an
d_
spir
itu
ali
ty.h
tml
32 R
ing
. K.
(19
80
).
33 P
arn
ia,
S.,
et a
l. (
20
01
). A
Qu
ali
tati
ve
an
d Q
ua
nti
tati
ve
Stu
dy
of
the
In
cid
en
ce,
Fea
ture
s a
nd
Aet
iolo
gy
of
Nea
r-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces
in C
ard
iac
Arr
est
Su
rviv
ors
.
Res
usc
itat
ion
, 4
8, 1
49
-15
6.
34 v
an L
om
me
l, P
. (2
00
1).
3
5 G
rey
son
, B
. (2
00
3).
3
6 B
lan
ke,
O. e
t.a
l. (
20
02
). S
tim
ula
tin
g i
llu
sory
ow
n-b
od
y p
erce
pti
on
s. N
atu
re. 4
19
,
26
9-2
70
3
7 H
old
en
, J. (
20
06
). O
ut-
of-
Bo
dy
Ex
per
ien
ces:
All
in
th
e B
rain
? Jo
urn
al o
f N
ear-
Dea
th S
tud
ies.
25
: 99
-10
7.
38 J
anse
n,
Kar
l. (
19
97
). R
esp
on
se t
o C
om
men
tari
es
on
“T
he
Ket
amin
e M
od
el
of
the
Ne
ar-D
eat
h E
xp
erie
nce
.” J
ourn
al o
f N
ear-
Dea
th S
tud
ies.
16
, 79
-95
. 3
9 h
ttp
://w
ww
.eu
rek
ale
rt.o
rg/p
ub
_re
lea
ses/
20
06
-07/
jhm
i-h
ss0
70
50
6.p
hp
4
0 M
oo
dy
, R
. (1
98
8).
Th
e L
igh
t B
eyon
d.
Ne
w Y
ork
, N
Y. B
anta
m B
oo
ks.
4
1 S
uth
erla
nd
, C
. (1
99
0).
Ch
ang
es
in R
elig
iou
s B
eli
efs,
Att
itu
de
s, a
nd
Pra
ctic
es
Fo
llo
win
g N
ear-
Dea
th E
xp
erie
nce
s: A
n A
ust
rali
an S
tud
y.
Jou
rnal
of
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s. 9
: 24
. 4
2 R
ing
. K.
(19
98
). L
esso
ns
from
th
e L
igh
t: W
hat
We
Can
Lea
rn f
rom
th
e N
ear-
Dea
th
Ex
per
ien
ce.
Insi
gh
t B
oo
ks.
4
3 F
lyn
n,
C. (
19
82
). M
ean
ing
s an
d I
mp
lica
tio
ns
of
ND
Er
Tra
nsf
orm
atio
ns:
So
me
Pre
lim
inar
y F
ind
ing
s an
d I
mp
lica
tio
ns.
An
abio
sis:
Jou
rnal
of
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s 2
:
7
44 N
oy
es,
R.
(19
80
). A
ttit
ud
e C
han
ge
s F
oll
ow
ing
Nea
r-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces.
Psy
chia
try
, 43
:23
4-2
42.
45 G
rey
son
, B
. (1
99
2)
Re
du
ced
De
ath
Th
reat
in
Ne
ar-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
cers
. D
eath
Stu
die
s. 1
6: 5
33
-46
46 M
usg
rav
e,
C. (
19
97
). T
he
Nea
r-D
eat
h E
xp
erie
nce
: A
Stu
dy
of
Sp
irit
ual
Tra
nsf
orm
atio
n.
Jou
rnal
of
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s. 1
5: 1
87
-20
1.
47 S
uth
erla
nd
, C
. (1
99
0).
Ch
ang
es.
4
8 F
lyn
n,
C. (
19
82
).
49 M
usg
rav
e,
C. (
19
97
).
10
Bib
lio
gra
ph
y
1 G
rey
son
, B. (
20
00
). N
ear
-Dea
th E
xp
erie
nce
s. I
n E
. C
ard
eña,
S. J
. L
yn
n, &
S.
Kri
pp
ner
(E
ds.
), V
arie
ties
of
anom
alou
s ex
per
ien
ces
(pp
. 31
5-3
52
). W
ash
ing
ton
, DC
:
Am
eric
an P
sych
olo
gic
al
Ass
oci
atio
n.
2 M
igli
ore
,V. (
20
07
). S
tati
stic
al S
um
mar
y o
f N
ear-
Dea
th E
xp
erie
nce
Rep
orts
. IA
ND
S
rep
ort
. 3 M
oo
dy
, R
. (1
97
5).
Lif
e A
fter
Lif
e. M
ock
ing
bir
d B
oo
ks.
4 R
ing
, K.
(19
80
). L
ife
At
Dea
th.
Co
wa
rd,
McC
an
n &
Geo
gh
eg
an
. 5 M
oo
dy
, R
. (1
97
5).
6 R
om
mer
, B
. (2
00
0).
Ble
ssin
g i
n d
isg
uis
e: A
not
her
sid
e of
th
e n
ear-
dea
th e
xp
erie
nce
. S
t.
Pa
ul,
MN
: Lle
we
lly
n P
ub
lica
tio
ns.
7 B
ush
, N
.E. (
20
06
)."D
istr
ess
ing
Ne
ar-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces,
" p
rese
nta
tio
n a
t
Inte
rnat
ion
al A
ssoc
iati
on f
or N
ear-
Dea
th S
tud
ies
20
06
An
nu
al C
onfe
ren
ce,
Un
iver
sity
of T
exas
M.D
.An
der
son
Can
cer
Cen
ter.
8 L
ind
ley
, J.H
., B
ryan
, S.,
an
d C
on
ley
, B
. (1
98
1).
Nea
r-d
eath
ex
per
ien
ces
in a
Pa
cifi
c N
ort
hw
est
Am
eric
an
Po
pu
lati
on
: T
he
Ev
erg
reen
stu
dy
. A
nab
iosi
s 1
, 10
4-
12
5.
9 M
igli
ore
, V
. (2
00
7).
1
0 h
ttp
://w
ww
.nd
erf.
org
/meg
_a'
s_n
de.
htm
.
11 G
rey
son
, B
. (2
00
6)
Nea
r-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces
an
d S
pir
itu
ali
ty.
Zy
gon
. 41
, 39
4.
12 M
oo
dy
, R
. (1
97
5).
1
3 G
all
up
, G
., a
nd
Pro
cto
r,W
. (1
98
2).
Ad
ven
ture
s in
Im
mor
tali
ty:
A L
ook
Bey
ond
th
e
Th
resh
old
of
Dea
th. N
ew
Yo
rk,
NY
: M
cGra
w-H
ill.
1
4 P
erer
a,
M. e
t.a
l. (
20
05
). P
rev
ale
nce
of
Ne
ar-D
eath
Ex
per
ien
ces
in A
ust
rali
a.
Jou
rnal
of
Nea
r-D
eath
Stu
die
s,
24
, 10
9.
15 K
no
bla
uch
, H. e
t.a
l. (
20
01
). D
iffe
ren
t K
ind
s o
f N
ear-
Dea
th E
xp
erie
nce
: A
Rep
ort
on
a S
urv
ey
of
Ne
ar-D
eat
h E
xp
erie
nce
s in
Ger
ma
ny
. Jo
urn
al o
f N
ear-
Dea
th
Stu
die
s, 2
0, 1
5-2
9.
16 h
ttp
://w
ww
.nd
erf.
org
/nu
mb
er_
nd
e_u
sa.h
tm.
17 M
igli
ore
. V
. (2
00
7).
1
8 v
an L
om
me
l, P
, et.
al.
(2
00
1).
Ne
ar-d
eath
Ex
per
ien
ce i
n S
urv
ivo
rs o
f C
ard
iac
Arr
est:
A P
rosp
ect
ive
Stu
dy
in
th
e N
eth
erla
nd
s. L
ance
t 2
00
1; 3
58
: 20
39-4
5.
19 K
elle
he
ar,
A. (
20
06
). N
DE
s th
rou
gh
out
His
tory
an
d a
cros
s C
ult
ure
s IA
ND
S
Co
nfe
ren
ce P
rese
nta
tio
n: D
VD
. w
ww
. ia
nd
s.o
rg
20 S
ab
om
, M
. B
. (1
99
8).
Lig
ht
and
Dea
th: O
ne
Doc
tor’
s F
asci
nat
ing
Acc
oun
t of
Nea
r-
Dea
th E
xp
erie
nce
s. G
ran
d R
ap
ids,
MI.
Zo
nd
erv
an.
2
1 v
an L
om
me
l, P
im. (
20
01
).
22 S
har
p,
K.C
. (1
99
5).
Aft
er t
he
Lig
ht:
Wh
at I
Dis
cov
ered
on
th
e O
ther
Sid
e of
Lif
e T
hat
Can
Ch
ang
e Y
our
Wor
ld.
Mo
rro
w,
NY
.
23 R
ing
, K.
(19
99
). M
ind
sig
ht:
Nea
r-D
eath
an
d O
ut-
of-B
ody
Ex
per
ien
ces
in t
he
Bli
nd
.
Wil
liam
Ja
me
s C
ente
r fo
r C
on
scio
usn
ess
Stu
die
s.
24 R
ing
, K.
(19
84
). H
ead
ing
tow
ard
Om
ega:
In
Sea
rch
of
the
Mea
nin
g o
f th
e N
ear-
Dea
th
Ex
per
ien
ce.
Wil
lia
m M
orr
ow
Bo
ok
s.
25 R
ing
, K.
(19
80
).
3
E
ver
y d
ay i
n t
he
U.S
., 77
4 N
DE
s o
ccu
r, a
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
Nea
r-D
eath
Exp
erie
nce
Res
earc
h F
ou
nd
atio
n (
ND
ER
F).
16
O
f m
ore
th
an 8
00 n
ear-
dea
th e
xper
ien
cers
(N
DE
rs)
rep
ort
ing
to
IA
ND
S, 2
5% b
elie
ved
th
ey w
ere
clin
ical
ly
dea
d a
t th
e ti
me
of
thei
r N
DE
.17
A
lar
ge
stu
dy
co
nd
uct
ed i
n t
he
Net
her
lan
ds
sho
wed
th
at
18%
of
peo
ple
wh
o s
uff
ered
a c
ard
iac
arre
st a
nd
wer
e
clin
ical
ly d
ead
had
lat
er r
epo
rted
an
ND
E. 1
8
Cro
ss-C
ult
ura
l C
om
pa
riso
ns
No
n-W
este
rn n
ear-
dea
th r
esea
rch
has
bee
n c
on
du
cted
in
Ch
ina,
Ind
ia, T
hai
lan
d, T
ibet
, an
d i
n s
ever
al n
ativ
e cu
ltu
res
in A
ust
rali
a,
Ch
ile,
Gu
am, t
he
con
tin
enta
l U
.S.,
New
Zea
lan
d,
and
Haw
aii.
Sim
ilar
itie
s to
Wes
tern
ND
Es
are
the
bel
ief
that
th
is i
s th
e
afte
rlif
e, a
pro
fou
nd
sen
se o
f p
eace
, bei
ng
in
an
oth
erw
orl
dly
real
m, m
eeti
ng
dec
ease
d r
elat
ives
, mee
tin
g s
pir
itu
al o
r re
lig
iou
s
fig
ure
s (u
sual
ly i
n k
eep
ing
wit
h o
ne’
s cu
ltu
ral b
ack
gro
un
d)
and
to a
les
ser
exte
nt
exp
erie
nci
ng
so
me
typ
e o
f li
fe r
evie
w.
Th
e
tun
nel
sen
sati
on
was
rar
ely
rep
ort
ed i
n n
on
-Wes
tern
cu
ltu
res.
19
Ve
rid
ica
l N
ea
r-D
ea
th E
xpe
rien
ces.
Ver
idic
al n
ear-
dea
th e
xper
ien
ces
are
ND
Es
in w
hic
h p
eop
le
rep
ort
edly
ou
t-o
f-b
od
y h
ave
ob
serv
ed e
ven
ts o
r g
ath
ered
info
rmat
ion
th
at w
as v
erif
ied
by
oth
ers
up
on
th
e ex
per
ien
cer’
s
retu
rn t
o a
co
nsc
iou
s st
ate.
Th
ese
are
a fe
w f
amo
us
case
s o
f
anec
do
tal
ver
idic
al e
vid
ence
:
T
he
Cas
e o
f P
am R
eyn
old
s:
In o
rder
to
rem
ove
a li
fe t
hrea
ten
ing
aneu
rysm
dee
p in
her
bra
in,
Pam
Rey
nol
ds u
nde
rwen
t a
rare
su
rgic
al p
roce
dure
cal
led
“Ope
rati
on
Sta
nds
till
” in
whi
ch t
he b
lood
is
drai
ned
fro
m t
he b
ody
like
oil
fro
m a
car,
sto
ppin
g al
l br
ain
, hea
rt a
nd
orga
n a
ctiv
ity.
The
bod
y te
mpe
ratu
re
is l
ower
ed t
o 60
deg
rees
. W
hile
fu
lly
anes
thet
ized
, w
ith
sou
nd-
emit
tin
g
earp
lugs
, Pam
’s o
rdea
l be
gan
. Dr.
Spe
tzle
r, t
he s
urg
eon
, was
saw
ing
into
her
sku
ll w
hen
Pam
su
dden
ly h
eard
the
saw
an
d be
gan
to
obse
rve
the
surg
ical
pro
cedu
re f
rom
a v
anta
ge p
oin
t ov
er h
is s
hou
lder
. S
he a
lso
4
hear
d w
hat
the
nu
rses
sai
d to
the
doc
tors
. Upo
n r
etu
rnin
g to
con
scio
usn
ess,
she
was
abl
e to
acc
ura
tely
des
crib
e th
e u
niq
ue
surg
ical
inst
rum
ent
use
d an
d re
port
th
e st
atem
ents
mad
e by
the
nu
rses
.20
A
Rep
ort
fro
m a
Du
tch
Nu
rse:
“Du
rin
g n
ight
shi
ft a
n a
mbu
lan
ce b
rin
gs i
n a
44
-yea
r ol
d cy
anot
ic,
com
atos
e m
an i
nto
the
cor
onar
y ca
re u
nit
… W
hen
we
go t
o in
tuba
te
the
pati
ent,
he
turn
s ou
t to
hav
e de
ntu
res
in h
is m
outh
. I r
emov
e th
ese
upp
er d
entu
res
and
put
them
on
to t
he ‘
cras
h ca
rt.’
[..]
On
ly a
fter
mor
e
than
a w
eek
do I
mee
t ag
ain
wit
h th
e pa
tien
t, w
ho i
s by
now
bac
k on
the
card
iac
war
d. T
he m
omen
t he
see
s m
e he
say
s: ‘
O,
that
nu
rse
know
s
whe
re m
y de
ntu
res
are.
’ I
am v
ery
surp
rise
d. T
hen
he
elu
cida
tes:
‘Y
ou
wer
e th
ere
whe
n I
was
bro
ugh
t in
to h
ospi
tal
and
you
too
k m
y de
ntu
res
out
of m
y m
outh
an
d pu
t th
em o
nto
tha
t ca
rt, i
t ha
d al
l th
ese
bott
les
on
it a
nd
ther
e w
as t
his
slid
ing
draw
er u
nde
rnea
th, a
nd
ther
e yo
u p
ut
my
teet
h.’.
” 2
1
M
aria
’s S
ho
e
Kim
berl
y C
lark
Sha
rp (
1995
) w
as a
soc
ial
wor
ker
in H
arbo
rvie
w
Hos
pita
l in
Sea
ttle
whe
n M
aria
was
bro
ugh
t in
un
con
scio
us
from
card
iac
arre
st.
Sha
rp v
isit
ed h
er t
he f
ollo
win
g da
y in
a h
ospi
tal
room
, at
whi
ch p
oin
t M
aria
des
crib
ed l
eavi
ng
her
body
an
d fl
oati
ng
abov
e th
e
hosp
ital
. Des
pera
te t
o pr
ove
that
she
had
in
fac
t le
ft h
er b
ody
and
was
not
cra
zy,
she
desc
ribe
d se
ein
g a
wor
n d
ark
blu
e te
nn
is s
hoe
on t
he
ledg
e ou
tsid
e a
win
dow
on
the
far
sid
e of
the
hos
pita
l. N
ot b
elie
vin
g he
r
but
wan
tin
g to
hel
p, S
harp
che
cked
the
led
ge b
y pr
essi
ng
her
face
agai
nst
the
sea
led
win
dow
s an
d fo
un
d a
shoe
tha
t pe
rfec
tly
mat
ched
the
deta
ils
Mar
ia h
ad r
elat
ed. 2
2
V
isu
al P
erce
pti
on
in
th
e B
lin
d
Dr.
Ken
net
h R
ing
desc
ribe
s 21
cas
es o
f vi
sual
per
cept
ion
in
the
bli
nd
duri
ng
thei
r n
ear-
deat
h ex
peri
ence
s in
his
boo
k M
ind
sig
ht:
Nea
r-
Dea
th a
nd
Ou
t-o
f-B
od
y E
xper
ien
ces
in t
he
Bli
nd
. 23
9
alie
nat
ion
an
d d
epre
ssio
n. T
hey
oft
en a
vo
id d
iscl
osi
ng
thei
r ex
per
ien
ce, n
ot
wan
tin
g t
o r
isk
rid
icu
le, j
ud
gm
ent
and
lac
k o
f u
nd
erst
and
ing
in
oth
ers.
66 E
vid
ence
sug
ges
ts t
hat
no
n-d
iscl
osu
re o
f si
gn
ific
ant
per
son
al
exp
erie
nce
s in
crea
ses
ph
ysi
cal
and
psy
cho
log
ical
str
ess.
Th
is s
tres
s ad
ds
to t
he
ph
ysi
cal
and
em
oti
on
al
chal
len
ges
cau
sed
by
ev
ents
th
at o
rig
inal
ly l
ed t
o t
he
nea
r-d
eath
exp
erie
nce
its
elf.
67
, 6
8 T
he
deg
ree
to w
hic
h
ND
Ers
su
ffer
fro
m d
epre
ssio
n o
r su
icid
al i
dea
tio
n l
ink
ed
to t
hei
r N
DE
s is
un
der
stu
dy
by
IA
ND
S.
IAN
DS
Ed
uca
tio
na
l V
enu
es:
IA
ND
S h
as n
ow
gro
wn
to
in
clu
de
ov
er 5
0 lo
cal
gro
up
s
thro
ug
ho
ut
the
wo
rld
. IA
ND
S h
ost
s in
tern
atio
nal
con
fere
nce
s, c
on
du
cts
wo
rksh
op
s an
d r
etre
ats,
an
d
pro
du
ces
edu
cati
on
al m
ater
ials
an
d a
qu
arte
rly
pee
r-
rev
iew
ed jo
urn
al a
nd
new
slet
ter
on
th
e to
pic
of
nea
r-
dea
th e
xper
ien
ces.
Wo
rksh
op
s h
ave
bee
n d
evel
op
ed f
or
hea
lth
care
pro
vid
ers,
fo
r n
ear-
dea
th e
xper
ien
cers
an
d
for
the
gen
eral
pu
bli
c.
Fu
ture
Re
sea
rch
:
IA
ND
S h
as i
den
tifi
ed s
ever
al p
rio
riti
es f
or
futu
re
rese
arch
. T
ho
se i
ncl
ud
e la
rger
stu
die
s o
f N
DE
s in
no
n-
Wes
tern
cu
ltu
res
and
fo
rmal
nee
ds
asse
ssm
ents
of
ND
Ers
, esp
ecia
lly
am
on
g c
om
bat
ND
Ers
, ch
ild
ren
an
d
adu
lts
wh
o h
ave
exp
erie
nce
d h
arro
win
g N
DE
s. I
AN
DS
is a
lso
in
ves
tig
atin
g s
uit
able
ap
pli
cati
on
of
ND
Es
for
suic
ide
pre
ven
tio
n, a
s w
ell
as f
or
red
uct
ion
of
gri
ef a
nd
fear
of
dea
th,
wh
ile
con
tin
uin
g i
ts q
ues
t to
un
der
stan
d
the
cau
ses,
nat
ure
an
d i
mp
lica
tio
n o
f th
e n
ear-
dea
th
exp
erie
nce
.
8
Att
itu
din
al
Ch
ang
es
and
Aft
ere
ffe
cts:
“The
re i
s on
e co
mm
on e
lem
ent
in a
ll n
ear-
deat
h ex
peri
ence
s: t
hey
tran
sfor
m t
he p
eopl
e w
ho h
ave
them
. In
my
twen
ty y
ears
of
inte
nse
expo
sure
to
ND
Ers
, I
have
yet
to
fin
d on
e w
ho h
asn
’t h
ad a
ver
y de
ep
and
posi
tive
tra
nsf
orm
atio
n a
s a
resu
lt o
f hi
s ex
peri
ence
.” R
aym
on
d.
A. M
oo
dy
, M.D
. 40
In
sev
eral
stu
die
s, n
earl
y a
ll n
ear-
dea
th e
xper
ien
cers
rep
ort
a s
tro
ng
dec
reas
e o
r co
mp
lete
lo
ss o
f th
e fe
ar o
f
dea
th a
s th
e re
sult
of
thei
r N
DE
s . 4
1, 4
2,
43
, 44
,4
5, 4
6
A
t le
ast
98%
of
surv
eyed
ND
Ers
no
w b
elie
ve
that
th
ere
is l
ife
afte
r d
eath
. 4
7, 4
8,
49
N
DE
rs, i
ncl
ud
ing
su
icid
e at
tem
pte
rs d
o n
ot
gen
eral
ly
atte
mp
t to
tak
e th
eir
liv
es a
gai
n. 5
0
S
pir
itu
al g
row
th, a
lo
vin
g a
ttit
ud
e, k
no
win
g a
Hig
her
Po
wer
/Go
d, i
nn
er p
eace
an
d a
sen
se o
f p
urp
ose
in
lif
e
char
acte
rize
th
e ch
ang
es m
ost
mea
nin
gfu
l to
ND
Ers
. 51
O
ver
80%
of
surv
eyed
ND
Ers
exp
ress
ed a
str
on
g
incr
ease
in
th
eir
con
cern
fo
r o
ther
s 5
2 a
nd
th
at l
ife
has
mea
nin
g o
r p
urp
ose
. 53
, 5
4, 5
5
A
mo
ng
su
rvey
ed N
DE
rs,
55 -
89%
of
rep
ort
an
in
crea
se
in p
sych
ic p
hen
om
ena
or
hea
lin
g a
bil
itie
s fo
llo
win
g
thei
r N
DE
s. 5
6, 5
7,
58
, 59
Ch
all
en
ges
:
“If
men
def
ine
situ
atio
ns
as r
eal,
they
are
rea
l in
the
ir c
onse
quen
ces.
“
Th
om
as, W
.I a
nd
Th
om
as,
D.S
. 60
ND
Ers
fac
e si
gn
ific
ant
chal
len
ges
fo
llo
win
g a
n N
DE
.
In
on
e st
ud
y,
65 %
of
ND
Ers
’ m
arri
ages
res
ult
in
div
orc
e
as o
pp
ose
d t
o 4
0 to
50%
in
th
e g
ener
al p
op
ula
tio
n.
61
Maj
or
chan
ges
in
val
ues
62, c
aree
rs (
75%
) 6
3 a
nd
rel
igio
us
vie
ws
64 c
on
trib
ute
to
str
ess
in a
n N
DE
r’s
rela
tio
nsh
ips.
65
N
DE
rs, e
spec
iall
y t
ho
se w
ho
hav
e su
ffer
ed a
dis
tres
sin
g
or
frig
hte
nin
g e
xper
ien
ce, c
an s
uff
er f
rom
fee
lin
gs
of
5
Co
rre
lati
on
s
N
o s
ign
ific
ant
corr
elat
ion
has
bee
n f
ou
nd
bet
wee
n
reli
gio
us
bel
iefs
an
d t
he
lik
elih
oo
d o
r d
epth
of
the
nea
r-
dea
th e
xper
ien
ce.2
4
N
o s
ign
ific
ant
corr
elat
ion
has
bee
n f
ou
nd
bet
wee
n a
ge,
race
, sex
ual
ori
enta
tio
n,
eco
no
mic
sta
tus
and
th
e
lik
elih
oo
d, c
on
ten
t o
r d
epth
of
the
nea
r-d
eath
exp
erie
nce
. 2
5
N
o c
orr
elat
ion
bet
wee
n t
he
life
his
tory
, bel
iefs
, beh
avio
r
or
atti
tud
es o
f a
per
son
an
d t
he
lik
elih
oo
d o
f h
avin
g a
rad
ian
t o
r h
arro
win
g N
DE
has
bee
n e
stab
lish
ed. 2
6
T
her
e is
no
ev
iden
ce o
f a
corr
elat
ion
bet
wee
n t
he
mea
ns
of
com
ing
clo
se t
o d
eath
, i
ncl
ud
ing
su
icid
e, a
nd
th
e
lik
elih
oo
d o
f h
avin
g a
har
row
ing
ND
E.
27
, 28
, 2
9
Ex
pla
nat
ion
s fo
r N
DE
S
“N
o on
e ph
ysio
logi
cal
or p
sych
olog
ical
mod
el b
y it
self
exp
lain
s al
l th
e
com
mon
fea
ture
s of
ND
E. T
he p
arad
oxic
al o
ccu
rren
ce o
f he
ight
ened
,
luci
d aw
aren
ess
and
logi
cal
thou
ght
proc
esse
s du
rin
g a
peri
od o
f
impa
ired
cer
ebra
l pe
rfu
sion
rai
ses
part
icu
lar
perp
lexi
ng
ques
tion
s fo
r
our
curr
ent
un
ders
tan
din
g of
con
scio
usn
ess
and
its
rela
tion
to
brai
n
fun
ctio
n.
A c
lear
sen
sori
um
an
d co
mpl
ex p
erce
ptu
al p
roce
sses
du
rin
g a
peri
od o
f ap
pare
nt
clin
ical
dea
th c
hall
enge
the
con
cept
tha
t
con
scio
usn
ess
is l
ocal
ized
exc
lusi
vely
in
the
bra
in."
30
Are
n’t
ND
Es
ha
llu
cin
ati
on
s?
No
. Hal
luci
nat
ion
s ar
e u
sual
ly i
llo
gic
al, f
leet
ing
, biz
arre
, an
d/o
r
dis
tort
ed,
wh
erea
s th
e v
ast
maj
ori
ty o
f N
DE
s ar
e lo
gic
al,
ord
erly
,
clea
r, a
nd
co
mp
reh
ensi
ble
. Peo
ple
ten
d t
o f
org
et t
hei
r
hal
luci
nat
ion
s, w
her
eas
mo
st N
DE
s re
mai
n v
ivid
fo
r d
ecad
es.
Fu
rth
erm
ore
, ND
Es
oft
en l
ead
to
pro
fou
nd
an
d p
erm
anen
t
tran
sfo
rmat
ion
s in
per
son
alit
y,
atti
tud
es, b
elie
fs a
nd
val
ues
,
som
eth
ing
th
at i
s n
ever
see
n f
oll
ow
ing
hal
luci
nat
ion
s. P
eop
le
6
loo
kin
g b
ack
on
hal
luci
nat
ion
s ty
pic
ally
rec
og
niz
e th
em a
s
un
real
, as
fan
tasi
es, w
her
eas,
peo
ple
oft
en d
escr
ibe
thei
r N
DE
s
as “
mo
re r
eal
than
rea
l.”
Fu
rth
er, p
eop
le w
ho
hav
e ex
per
ien
ced
bo
th h
allu
cin
atio
ns
and
an
ND
E d
escr
ibe
them
as
bei
ng
qu
ite
dif
fere
nt.
31
, 3
2
Are
n’t
ND
Es
the
resu
lt o
f a
no
xia
(la
ck o
f o
xyge
n)
in a
dy
ing
bra
in?
No
. Ph
ysi
cian
s h
ave
com
par
ed o
xy
gen
lev
els
of
card
iac
arre
st
surv
ivo
rs w
ho
did
an
d d
id n
ot
hav
e N
DE
s an
d t
hei
r fi
nd
ing
s
dis
cred
it t
he
ano
xia
hy
po
thes
is.
In f
act,
in
on
e st
ud
y,
the
ND
Ers
had
hig
her
ox
yg
en l
evel
s th
an n
on
-ND
Ers
.33 P
eop
le r
epo
rt n
ear-
dea
th e
xper
ien
ces
fro
m m
any
sit
uat
ion
s w
hen
th
eir
bra
ins
are
hea
lth
y—
du
rin
g c
hil
db
irth
, in
acc
iden
ts, i
n f
alls
. Peo
ple
als
o
rep
ort
cla
ssic
al n
ear-
dea
th-l
ike
exp
erie
nce
s th
at h
ave
occ
urr
ed
du
rin
g c
on
ver
sati
on
s o
r w
hil
e h
old
ing
a d
yin
g l
ov
ed o
ne.
In
tho
se c
ases
wh
ere
ano
xia
is
inv
olv
ed a
nd
mo
nit
ore
d, s
uch
as
in
card
iac
arre
st, t
he
effe
cts
are
dis
ori
enta
tio
n a
nd
po
or
mem
ory
.
Th
e o
pp
osi
te i
s tr
ue
for
tho
se p
atie
nts
wh
o r
epo
rt n
ear-
dea
th
exp
erie
nce
s fo
llo
win
g t
hei
r ca
rdia
c ar
rest
. 3
4,3
5
Ha
ven
’t l
oca
tio
ns
in t
he
bra
in b
een
fo
un
d t
o p
rod
uce
ND
Es?
Th
e ri
gh
t te
mp
ora
l lo
be,
th
e le
ft t
emp
ora
l lo
be,
th
e fr
on
tal
lob
e
atte
nti
on
are
a, t
he
thal
amu
s, t
he
hy
po
thal
amu
s, t
he
amy
gd
ala
and
th
e h
ipp
oca
mp
us
each
hav
e b
een
su
gg
este
d b
y d
iffe
ren
t
neu
rosc
ien
tist
s as
lin
ked
to
th
e n
ear-
dea
th e
xper
ien
ce.
Alt
ho
ug
h
dif
fere
nt
par
ts o
f th
e b
rain
may
be
invo
lved
at
som
e p
oin
t b
efo
re,
du
rin
g, o
r fo
llo
win
g s
om
e N
DE
s, t
her
e is
no
em
pir
ical
ev
iden
ce
that
an
y o
ne
of
thes
e, o
r a
com
bin
atio
n o
f th
em,
man
ufa
ctu
re t
he
ND
E.
Ev
ery
per
cep
tio
n w
e h
ave
wil
l b
e as
soci
ated
wit
h a
ctiv
ity
in a
sp
ecif
ic p
art
of
the
bra
in, b
ut
that
do
esn
’t m
ean
th
e ac
tiv
ity
cau
sed
th
e ex
per
ien
ce.
Fo
r ex
amp
le, a
s y
ou
rea
d t
hes
e w
ord
s,
ther
e is
in
crea
sed
ele
ctri
cal
acti
vit
y i
n y
ou
r o
ccip
ital
lo
be,
bu
t w
e
do
n’t
co
ncl
ud
e th
at t
hes
e w
ord
s ar
e a
hal
luci
nat
ion
cau
sed
by
that
bra
in a
ctiv
ity
. A
Sw
iss
neu
rosc
ien
tist
, Ola
f B
lan
ke,
cla
imed
that
sti
mu
lati
on
of
the
rig
ht
ang
ula
r g
yru
s ca
n t
rig
ger
ou
t-o
f-
bo
dy
exp
erie
nce
s (O
BE
s). 3
6
Ho
wev
er, t
he
stim
ula
ted
exp
erie
nce
7
inv
olv
ed o
nly
on
e p
atie
nt.
Th
at p
atie
nt’
s ex
per
ien
ce w
as
frag
men
tary
, d
isto
rted
an
d i
llu
sory
, su
bst
anti
ally
dif
fere
nt
fro
m
OB
Es
occ
urr
ing
du
rin
g N
DE
s. 3
7
Ha
ven
’t c
erta
in d
rugs
bee
n s
ho
wn
to
pro
du
ce N
DE
s?
Ket
amin
e an
d p
silo
cyb
in a
re t
wo
dru
gs
that
hav
e re
po
rted
ly
trig
ger
ed m
yst
ical
exp
erie
nce
s th
at a
pp
ear
to b
e d
iffe
ren
t th
an
hal
luci
nat
ion
s an
d h
ave
sim
ilar
ele
men
ts t
o N
DE
s. K
arl
Jan
sen
,
wh
o h
as w
ritt
en m
ore
th
an a
ny
on
e el
se o
n N
DE
-lik
e k
etam
ine
exp
erie
nce
s, s
ays
the
foll
ow
ing
.
“Aft
er 1
2 ye
ars
of s
tudy
ing
keta
min
e, I
now
bel
ieve
tha
t th
ere
mos
t
defi
nit
ely
is a
sou
l th
at i
s in
dep
ende
nt
of e
xper
ien
ce.
It e
xist
s w
hen
we
begi
n, a
nd
may
per
sist
whe
n w
e en
d. K
etam
ine
is a
doo
r to
a p
lace
we
can
not
nor
mal
ly g
et t
o; i
t is
def
init
ely
not
evi
den
ce t
hat
such
a p
lace
does
not
exi
st.”
38
ND
Es
are
qu
anti
fied
by
usi
ng
Gre
yso
n's
ND
E S
cale
an
d R
ing
’s
Wei
gh
ted
Co
re E
xper
ien
ce I
nd
ex.
No
su
ch N
DE
mea
sure
s ar
e
kn
ow
n t
o h
ave
bee
n t
aken
by
th
e su
bje
cts
inv
olv
ed i
n d
rug
-
rela
ted
exp
erim
ents
in
ord
er t
o m
ake
a v
alid
co
mp
aris
on
.
Scie
nti
sts
in t
he
new
fie
ld o
f n
euro
theo
log
y a
re r
esea
rch
ing
psi
locy
bin
an
d i
ts m
yst
ic s
tate
-in
du
cin
g c
apab
ilit
ies
for
its
po
ssib
le t
her
apeu
tic
effe
ctiv
enes
s. 3
9
Ca
n N
DE
s b
e in
du
ced
thro
ugh
med
ita
tio
n, s
ha
ma
nic
dru
mm
ing,
yo
ga o
r o
ther
sp
irit
ua
l p
ract
ices
?
Nea
r-d
eath
exp
erie
nce
s o
ccu
r b
y d
efin
itio
n “
nea
r-d
eath
,”
alth
ou
gh
as
men
tio
ned
ear
lier
, N
DE
s b
elo
ng
to
a l
arg
er f
amil
y o
f
my
stic
al o
r tr
ansp
erso
nal
ex
per
ien
ces
that
tra
nsc
end
th
e u
sual
lim
its
of
spac
e an
d/o
r ti
me
and
hav
e th
e p
ote
nti
al t
o b
e
spir
itu
ally
tra
nsf
orm
ativ
e. P
ract
ices
su
ch a
s m
edit
atio
n,
sham
anic
dru
mm
ing
an
d y
og
a ca
n t
rig
ger
a v
arie
ty o
f m
yst
ical
exp
erie
nce
s th
at a
pp
ear
iden
tica
l to
ND
Es
even
th
ou
gh
th
e
exp
erie
nce
r is
no
t p
hy
sica
lly
clo
se t
o d
eath
.
