KECUK SUHARIYANTO, M. SAIRI, AND WYNANDIN IMAWAN

Towards SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting in Indonesia:

BPS-Statistics Indonesia

44th Session of the United Nations Statistical CommissionFebruary 25th 2013

Current Works, Main Challenges, and National Plans

1. INTRODUCTION

The Indonesian government has been implementing sustainable development principles of the green economy stated as Pro-Growth, Pro-Job, Pro-Poor, and Pro-Environment.

Pro-Environment: Indonesia has been part of REDD (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation).

REDD is a scheme which allows developed countries to give compensation for forest sequestration of the developing countries.

Indonesia has a commitment to reduce carbon dioxide emission, which cause climate changes, to 26 % in 2020, and 41 percent with international assistance.

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2. CURRENT WORKS

A.Environment Statistics

B. Integrated System of Environment and Economic Account

C. Case Study: Environmental Degradation from CO2

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A. Environment Statistics

PUBLICATION CONTENTS

1. Environment Statistics of Indonesia

(Annual, since 1982)

Natural environment: situation of forest, fish resources, water resources, biodiversities, mineral resources, natural disasters, solid waste, etc

Social environment: related to many dimensions of social issues including social prosperity problems and social resilient

2. Statistics on Marine and Coastal Resources

(Annual, since 2004)

Availability of mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass, fishery related issues, sea water quality, and the situation of socio-economic infrastructure among coastal villages

3. Indicator of Indonesia Sustainable Development

Combination of several data related to sustainable development. Indicators used in line with recommendation from Commission on Sustainable Development within the Framework of Driving Force-State-Response (DSR). Data including: poverty, governance, health related issues, education, demography, atmosphere, land used, freshwater, biodiversity, global economic partnership, consumption pattern, etc.

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PUBLICATION CONTENTS

4. Indicators resulted from Survey on the Behavior toward Caring on Environment (2012)

Identify the knowledge and behavior of household members toward daily caring on environment.

5. Environment statistics compiled from village-based data collection

Data collection related to several dimensions of development, including data on environment (every 3 years)

Data on environment disaster for example: In 2011 of all 78,609 villages:

7,521 villages experienced land slide, 14,732 villages experienced flood; 1,609 village with tide; 554 villages experienced forest-fire; 2,105 villages with dryness.

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B. Integrated System Of Environment and Economic Account (SEEA Indonesia)

Source of Data Data Type Limitation

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

• Mineral resource• Mineral production

Coverage is limited to 9 significant natural resources in Indonesia: crude oil, natural gas, coal, bauxite, tin, gold, silver, nickel ore, and timber wood

Ministry of Forestry

• Forest area• Timber production

Statistics Indonesia

• National account aggregates

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

GDPEDPGreen GDP

Million R

upia

h

Annual since 1997

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C. Case Study: Environmental Degradation from CO2

1 .CO2 and CH4 EMISSION VOLUME ( TON )

No. ProductType of

emission 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1 LULUCF CO2

188,507,476

145,311,3

64

85,119,74

4

127,752,8

91

326,846,7

84

99,452,58

2

2 Energy CO2

126,967,776

132,669,0

55

150,857,4

44

173,781,4

69

195,501,1

94

226,463,8

73

3 Agriculture CO2

798,538

792,482

849,882

890,344

972,887

953,581

CH4129,341,6

28

127,267,3

30

125,226,2

99

123,218,0

01

127,120,2

66

131,146,1

15

  TOTAL CO2

316,273,793

278,772,9

05

236,827,0

73

302,424,7

07

523,320,8

69

326,870,0

41 2 .DEGRADATION FROM CO2 + CH4 EMISSION ( Trillion Rp. )

No. Product 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1 LULUCF

47,530

34,530

20,282

33,794

95,354

24,818

2 Energy

22,579

22,267

24,943

30,108

36,113

36,249

3 Agriculture 6,111

5,668

5,565

5,835

6,506

5,808

  TOTAL

76,231

62,476

50,800

69,747 137,985

66,884

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Summary of Findings Government must be aware about the increase of forest

conversion and depletion, and also the decrease of additional growth of forest outside of Java.

Over exploitation of timber wood especially outside of Java is reflected in the decrease of end of year inventory of timber wood.

Rate of depletion for some of mineral resources is exceeding the rate of deposit discovery, so the end of year deposit resources is significantly diminished (such as crude oil, natural gas, gold, and nickel ore).

Warning about over exploitation of crude oil, bauxite and tin because the ratio of end of year deposit resource to production is pretty low.

Net Domestic Product and net accumulated capital become different from the conventional National Account aggregates due to the decrease of produced assets and also the decrease of non-produced (environmental) assets.25 FEB 2013 8

Data availabilityUnstandarized of measurement and conceptData scatters in various institutions Coordination needs to be enhanced

Insufficient knowledgeKnowledge gap among staffNeed technical assistance in improving existing environmental account & toward the development of ecosystem account

Institutional ChallengesNeed to strengthen capability of statistical institutionNeed to create more awareness among stakeholders on the important of facts-based decision making pertaining to environment related issues and its impactsNeed statistical advocacy to recognize the importance of doing data analysis and researches on ecosystem accounting

3. MAIN CHALLENGES

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Key indicators

Indicators

Accounts (SEEA)

Basic/environment statistics

We are here

• Resource use & environmental efficiency (water & energy productivity, waste &

emission intensity)• Production, employment & expenditure

relating to environmental activities• Environmental taxes, subsidies & similar

transfers• Environmental assets & their role in the

economy

LOW CARBON AND LESS HARZARDOUS WASTE

SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

MAINTAIN NATURAL CARRYING CAPACITY

4. PLANS FOR MOVING FORWARD

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Toward implementation of SEEA Ecosystem Account

Join steering committee• Statistics Indonesia

(as coordinator)• National

Development Planning Board

• Ministry of Environment

Launch ecosystem indicators

partnership

Initiate research to develop ecosystem indicators

Commitment among

stakeholders to develop

ecosystem data sharing/warehousi

ng

Ensure data availability and quality• Include more

ecosystem query in subject matter area data compilations

• Improving data gathering and reporting

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THANK YOU –TERIMA KASIH

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Summary of findings

Summary Indicators 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

2,774,281 3,339,217 3,950,893 4,948,688 5,603,871 6,422,918

             Net Domestic Product (NDP)

2,635,567 3,172,256 3,753,349 4,701,254 5,323,678 6,101,772

             NDP 1 (Adjusted Depletion)

2,463,798 3,001,153 3,563,258 4,445,758 5,096,554 5,853,609

             NDP 2 (Adjusted Degradation)

2,387,568 2,938,677 3,512,459 4,376,011 4,958,569 5,786,724

             

NDP 1 x 100 88.81 89.88 90.19 89.84 90.95 91.14

GDP            

NDP 2 x 100 86.06 88.00 88.90 88.43 88.48 90.09

GDP            

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