Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION ON DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION S.PRATAP KUMAR DIRECTOR TRANSMISSION, KPTCL, BANGALORE

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited

WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION ON

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION

S.PRATAP KUMAR

DIRECTOR TRANSMISSION,

KPTCL, BANGALORE


What is Distribution Automation


Function of Distribution Automation System

Remotely monitors the distribution system, facilitates supervisory control of devices and provides decision support tools to improve the system performance

• SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)

• Application Functions


What is Distribution Automation ?• “A set of technologies that enable an electric utility to remotely monitor, coordinate and

operate distribution components in a real-time mode from remote locations” - (IEEE definition)

• DA is an umbrella concept that embraces all the other real-time and operational functions for the distribution network

Distribution Management (DMS)

Meter Reading(AMR)

Substation Automation (SA)

Feeder Automation (FA)


Need for Automation and Current trends


With... …you receive ..which results to

What you get out of Automation

Remote Control Fast outage / fault management

Shorter outage times

Measurements More information from network

Accurate network analysis

Fault indication Faster fault management

Shorter outage times

Protection Actual current seen by relay

PM analysis

Quality monitoring Information on problem areas

Improved quality of power

Condition monitoring

Service information of switches

Reduced maintenance intervals


Automation Systems and Functionality


Automation Systems – Distribution Utilities

• SCADA

• Distribution Management System (DMS)

• Geographical Information System (GIS)

• Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR)

• Outage Management System (OMS)

• Communication Systems

• Billing and Business Process Automation

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems


• Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA)– Develop and integrate Real-time SCADA systems

• Distribution Management Systems (DMS)– Solutions for DMS systems for distribution utilities for faster

Fault Location, Isolation and Supply Restoration (FLISR) and reduction in downtime

• Geographical Information Systems (GIS)– GIS systems for asset management

Automation Systems – Description


• Automatic Meter Reading System

– Solutions for AMR systems for energy auditing– High end consumer load profile monitoring– Integrated with billing and other processes to reduce

cycle time

• Communication System

– Fibre Optic (SCADA on Fibre; Pilot for DMS completed)– Mobile – CDMA / GSM / GPRS – VSAT / Low Power Radio– Wimax (Pilot under progress)

Automation Systems – Description


SCADA/DMS Functionalities

• Monitoring and Control of EHV and HV network

• Distribution Network Power Flow– To execute real-time power flow studies for optimal

switching

• Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)– To determine the location of feeder faults– Recommend actions to isolate the faulty sections & restore

supply to the healthy sections of feeders

• Switching Procedure Management– To execute switching orders and inverted switching orders

• Voltage and VAR Control – For optimal switching of Capacitor banks and OLTC control


SCADA/DMS Functionalities

• Outage Management System (OMS)– Keep records of forced and planned outages

• Load shedding and restoration

• Short Term Load Forecasting and Calculation of Quality Service Indices

• Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration (OFR) – Judicious network switching to reduce losses and voltage

problems

• Energy Balance - Gives insight into the energy flow and losses in the network


Typical Integrated Solution – Distribution Utility

SCADA/DMS

CIS(Customer

Information System) GIS

AMR(Automatic Meter Reading System)

ERP system (SAP R/3)

OutageData

Trouble tickets

Maps, Equipment Data

Load Profiles

Customer Data

System & Equipment faults, Switching counts

Equipment Data

Billing & Settlement

Status data


Key Design Parameters – SCADA/DMS system

• User Interface Response Time

• Communication Media

• Type, Frequency and Quantity of Data Flow

• Data flows between different elements of the SCADA / DMS network

• RTU – SCADA / DMS communication

• High load and Burst load scenarios

• Hardware sizing (SCADA / DMS servers, RTU)

• Scalability for future expansion

• Data flows between SCADA / DMS and other IT systems


Levels of Automation

Substation Level Automation

Feeder Level Automation

Customer Level Automation


Operational problems and Potential Applications of DAS

• Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration• Maintaining good voltage profile• Load Balancing• Load Control• Metering• Maintaining Maps• Fuse-off call operations• Energy accounting

Recent Buzz words !! Outage Management Customer Information Management


SubstationAutomationFunctions

Feeder AutomationFunctions

Customer InterfaceAutomationFunctions

Data Acquisition From:- Circuit Breakers- Load Tap Changers- Capacitor Banks- Transformers

Supervisory Control of:- Circuit Breakers- Load Tap Changers- Capacitor banks

Fault Location Fault Isolation Service Restoration Substation Reactive

Power Control

Data Acquisition From:- Line Reclosers- Voltage Regulators- Capacitor Banks- Sectionalizers- Line Switches- Fault Indicators

Supervisory Control of:- Line Reclosers- Voltage Regulators- Capacitor Banks- Sectionalizers- Line Switches

Fault Location Fault Isolation Service Restoration Feeder Reconfiguration Feeder Reactive Power

Control

Automatic Meter Reading Remote Reprogramming

of Time-of-Use (TOU)Meters

Remote ServiceConnect/Disconnect

Automated CustomerClaims Analysis

Candidate Distribution Automation Functions


Application Functions

• Network Reconfiguration

a) Fault localizationb) Service Restorationc) Load Balancing

• Integrated Volt-Var Control• Remote Metering• Automatic Load Shedding• Load Management• Automated Mapping and Facilities Management (AM/FM)• Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)• Load Survey and Energy Accounting


Network Reconfiguration - Service Restoration

• Restores service to non-faulty feeder sections by reconfiguration

• Considerations

* Presence of alternate paths* Operation of LB switches* Need to have remotely controllable switches* Restoration based on - satisfaction of current and voltage constraints - minimum switches - minimum losses


Network Reconfiguration - Load Balancing

• Composition and hence consumption patterns of loads on different feeders are different

• To distribute loads among transformers/feeders

• Remote control of switches for reconfiguration


Integrated Volt-Var Control

• Applied on feeders with capacitors and voltage regulators

• Control of capacitor banks and voltage regulators

• Schedule for switching and tap control

• To meet reactive power requirements and reduce losses


Automatic Load Shedding

• Under Frequency based load shedding

• Sensing Frequency through transducers

• Load shedding based on the frequency drop, current loading conditions and priority of the load

• Closed loop function at RTU level


Load Management - Emergency based load shedding

• Gap between power generation and load demand due to sudden contingencies

• To shed the loads based on the relief required

• Identification of loads to be shed based on - current load magnitudes - priority of the load - time when last shed

• Shed the load based on the above factors


Trouble Call Management System (TCMS)

• Responds to customer complaints

• Acceptance of interruption/restoration data from the operator

• Distribution Transformer trip/close info from SCADA

• Determination of source of interruption

• Improvement of response time to customer complaints


Load Survey and Energy Accounting

• Availability of continuous data on loads etc.,

• Determination of Load Patterns

• Data for planning

• Detection of abnormal energy consumption pattern

• Identification of high loss areas


Tangible Benefits

SubstationAutomation

FeederAutomation

Customer interface Automation

Reduction in O&M Costs of LTCOperation for:• Routine LTC Operations • Non-Routine Operations

Reduction in Capital Expendituredue to:• Deferment of additional feeders• Effective utilization of existing feeders

Reduction in O&M Costs of:• Regular Meter Reading• Reprogramming of Meters• Service Connect/Disconnect• Processing of Customer Claims

Reduction in O&M Costs for:• Routine Relay Testing • Relay Setting

Reduction in O&M Costs of:• Routine Data Collection • Non-Routine Data Collection• Data Analysis• Testing of Data Logging Devices• Repair of Data Logging Devices

Increased Revenue Due to:• Loss Reduction due to Feeder Reconfiguration• Loss Reduction due to Capacitor Banks Automation• Faster Service Restoration

Reduction in Capital Expendituredue to:• Deferment of additional substation facilities• Effective utilization of substation facilities

Reduction in O&M Costs of Breakerswitching for:• Routine Operations • Non-Routine Operations

Increased Revenue Due to:• Reduction of System Peak Load• Tamper Detection to Reduce Electricity Theft• Reduced Payments for Customer Claims

Reduction in O&M Costs of:• Fault Location and Isolation• Service Restoration• Routine Switching Operations• Recloser Setting• Recloser Testing• Data Collection• Data Analysis• Feeder Reconfiguration• Capacitor Banks Inspection


Bangalore Distribution Automation System

•


Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore CityNeed of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City

Load Profile of Bangalore Metropolitan Area

• Existing Demand of Bangalore

• Metropolitan Area is 1437 MWS

• Bangalore is the fastest Growing city

in the country

• Studies conducted to forecast future

Load Requirement

• Load of Bangalore will be doubled by

2011-12

• Projected Demand of Bangalore by

2011-12 is 2428 MWS

Power Supply Reliability

The present Reliability Index in Bangalore City

is 99%.

Annual Average consumer hours lost due to

11kV feeder interruption - 64.57 Hours

66kV feeder / sub-station – 20.22 Hours

DTC / LT interruptions – 1.43 Hours.

• Total 86.2 Hrs/Year/Consumer


Bangalore is the most potential location for software business, IT Enabled Services & Biotech owing to its inherent strength.

Majority of IT activity not only in the State but also in the country is concentrated in Bangalore.

Bangalore has been at the forefront of industrial growth in India with enterprising citizens – ideal choice for investment infrastructure.

Bangalore refer to as the Silicon Valley of India accounts for highest software exports in the Country.

Bangalore City Contributes more than 70% of BESCOM total revenue.

Support from State Government for foreign Investment.

Electronic equipment manufacturing as well as Garment industries are developing in Bangalore City.

In rush for investment from foreign investors.

Increased Demand from Residential Layouts

Demand due to establishing new International Airport

Need of Distribution Automation in Bangalore CityNeed of Distribution Automation in Bangalore City


Scope of the Works in Bangalore DAS

• Drawing 11kV new lines with Coyote ACSR conductor to suit the overhead system for Drawing 11kV new lines with Coyote ACSR conductor to suit the overhead system for

distribution automation.distribution automation.

• Providing 11kV, 400 Sq mm UG/AB cable to suit the overhead system for distribution Providing 11kV, 400 Sq mm UG/AB cable to suit the overhead system for distribution

automation.automation.

• Retrofitting of existing RMU Operating Devices (OD) with VCB’s and providing motorized Retrofitting of existing RMU Operating Devices (OD) with VCB’s and providing motorized

mechanism.mechanism.

• Providing motorized mechanism for Vertical Lines (VL) and OD’s of new and old RMU’s.Providing motorized mechanism for Vertical Lines (VL) and OD’s of new and old RMU’s.

• Providing compact RMU’s for spur points of overhead lines.Providing compact RMU’s for spur points of overhead lines.

• Providing sectionalizers with communication facility between two VL’s.Providing sectionalizers with communication facility between two VL’s.

• Providing Remote Terminal Units (RTU) with communication facility at all RMU locations.Providing Remote Terminal Units (RTU) with communication facility at all RMU locations.

• Providing SCADA system at each of the sub-station with necessary hardware and software.Providing SCADA system at each of the sub-station with necessary hardware and software.

• Establishing Master Control Center at Corporate level with necessary communication, hardware Establishing Master Control Center at Corporate level with necessary communication, hardware

and software.and software.


The Bangalore Distribution Automation System aims at achieving The Bangalore Distribution Automation System aims at achieving

Control of 11 KV feeders

Operation of line sectionalisers, motorised isolators, auto

reclosures

Data acquisition from load end CTs and PTs

Operation of CBs for switched capacitor banks

Use of customized EMS Software packages with real time data

collected through RTUs

Issue, control and receiving back of line clears, introduce interlock

and safety algorithm, password protected operating environment

Real time logging of data / archived records of hours of

service,Equipment data base

Integration with Geographical Information System (GIS) Software

packages


System Configuration of DASSystem Configuration of DAS

　　　　　

FCBSubstationEquipment

Communication LineFeeder Equipment

Computer System

M-RTU

FEP

DAS Computer

Communication System

LBS

RTU

LBS

RTU

Distribution Feeder

Stage-1 DAS

Stage-2 DASDistrict Office

Substation Field


Integrated Distribution Automation system

•Real time control over the costly

energy sold.

• Improved efficiency results in lower

costs,

•Better reliability in power supply,

planned control actions,

•Optimum power factor, reduction in

losses.

•Improved efficiency also results in

reduction of the Green House gases and

consequent improvement in the

environment.

•Enables online energy audit (AMR

Systems) which is now receiving the

focused attention of all utilities


• The project will be implemented in Phases.

• Under Phase I, as a pilot project Peenya Industrial Area, EPIP area and

Electronic city area are identified. Completion period 6 months.

• In the second Phase BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution

Automation of the entire existing RMUs (Cable network) along with the

improvements required for overhead distribution to suit the overhead system

for Automation. Completion period 9 months.

• Under Phase III, BESCOM is planning to take up the Distribution Automation of

the entire over head network. Completion period 9 months.

• Total Cost of the Project is about 563 Crores.

• The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) is extending financial

assistance for this project

Project Implementation

Documents

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited WELCOME TO A PRESENTATION ON DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION S.PRATAP KUMAR DIRECTOR TRANSMISSION, KPTCL, BANGALORE