K2- Histologi- Sistem Kardiovaskular

7/21/2019 K2- Histologi- Sistem Kardiovaskular

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LokDonLub



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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

Consist of 2 systems : 1,2

Cardiovascular system 2 way transport

Lymphoid vascular system

Heart : pump

Arteries: take blood from heart to organ

Capillaries: for metabolic echange

!eins: take blood back to heart

Collect ecess etracellular tissue fluid "lymph#

$ne way transport from tissue to cardiovascular system





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• 4 Valves : – Mitral valve

– Tricuspid valve

– Artic valve – !ulmnar" semilunar valve



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• Heart %all : 1, 2

– $ndcardium

– M"cardium

– $picardium



%

I. Endocardium• &nner layer of atriums ' ventricles2

• Homologous with tunica intima of

blood vessels

• Consist of : 1, 2

1()ndothelium :

• *imple s+uamous epithelium

• unctions : – -ight.occluding /unctions

– 0ap /unctions

2( *ubendocardial layer :

•Loose connective tissue

• Contain veins, nerves,

urkin/e cells "branches of

impulse conducting system of

heart

• Connected to myocardium



&

II. Myocardium - hi c k e s t o n v e nt r i c l e s 2

-hickest tunics

cardiac muscle cells

-hinnest

*maller cardiac

muscle cells

*peciallied muscle cells in atrium

produce atriopeptin, A34"Atrial 3atriuretic

4actor#, cardiodilatin, cardionatrinhelp in maintain fluid ' electrolyte balance5



'

Type Of CardiacMusce !iber

1( Conducting &mpluse4iber

2( Contractile

4iber





1

• urkin/e fibers : 2, 5

– ranches * AV undle

– Lcated at subendcardial

– 6istinctive appearance withordinary cardiac muscle :

• Larer 5 cntain mrec"tplasm

• Less m"*ibril

• Rich in mitchndria 5

l"cen• 1 r 2 central nuclei



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. on rac eFiber

• $lnated+ c"lindrical 5 branchin*iber

• $ach *iber cntains nl" 1 r 2 nuclei+centrall" placed

• )rss striatins similar t s0eletalmuscle 6A/7/8 band 5 M/9 line

• arcplasm cntain numerus lare

mitchndria



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• pecial unctins at the end* t. cardiac *iber

• 3 unctins :

1-;ascia adherens

2-Macula adherens6desmsme

3-,ap unctins



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&ntercalated 6isc with light microscope

dark lines crossed the cardiac fiber



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III. Epicardium• 8mlue t tunica

adventitia in bld vessels3

• <utermst la"er * heart .all3

• )nsist * : 1+ 2

1- !ericardium viceral mesthelium 6simple

s=uamus epithelium2- ubepicardial la"er

lse cnnective tissue.ith crnar" vessels+nerves 5 anlia

3- !ericardium parietal:mesthelium 5 cnn-tissue

• pace bet.een pericardiumcntain serus li=uid *r

lubricatin



1#

BLOO !E""EL" BLOO !E""EL"





1&

2- Tunica Media:

– $=uivalent t m"cardium

– Mst variable la"er in si?e 5

structure – )ntain variable amunt *

smth muscle 5 elastic

tissue depend n bld

vessel *unctin3- Tunica Adventitia:

– )rrespnd t epicardium

lac0 mesthelial cells

– Varies in thic0nes

– Mstl" cmpsed *

*ibrblast+ t"pe 7 cllaen

*iber 5 elastic *iber



1'

"ood #esse $a Composi%ion

LA70) A7-)7&)*

*8ALL A7-)7&)*

A7-)7&$L)*

CA&LLA7&)*

!)39L)* '!)&3*

8 ) A 3 1 7 ) * * 9

7 )

&3*&6) 6&A8)-)7

*8ALL LA70)LA70)

ELASTIC TISSUE

MUSCLE



1(

• Membrana Elastica :

Interna :

– eparatin T- 7ntima5 T- Media

– )mpsed *

per*rated elastin

tissue – ;unctin: permits

di**usin *

substances

Eksterna : – eparatin T- Media

5 T- Adventitia

– Mre delicate than

interna



2

• !asa !asorum :

– ;und in lare vessels

– mall arteries branchin t

serve nutritin t cells in t-media 5 t- adventitia

– Mre prevalent in veins thanarteries c? venus bldcntain less B"en 5 nutients

than arterial bld



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&er'e Suppy Of "ood #esse (

• A net.r0 * vasmtr nerve * s"mpatheticcmpnent * autnmic nervus s"stem

supplies smth muscle cells * vessels

release nrepinephrine di**use t smth

muscle cells nearb" impulses prpaated t

entire smth muscle via ap unctin

• Arteries suppl" the s0eletal muscle als receive

paras"mpathetic nerves vasdilatatin

CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS



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CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS

ARTERIES

VEIN

CAPILLARIES

Elastic arteries / conductin arteries

Mediu! "!uscular# arteries / distri$utin arteries% s!all arteries

Arteriole

Lare &ein

Mediu! % s!all &eins

Venule

Continuous ca'illaries

Fenestrated ca'illaries

Sinusoidal ca'illaries



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ARTERIE ARTERIE

A ELASTIC ARTERIE

S C



2#

A( ELASTIC ARTERIE

A( ELASTIC ARTERIE

• Arta+ 7liaca )mmunis+

!ulmnaris+ rachicephalic+

ubclavia+ )artid )mm- 2

• Cell. .all c? abundance *

elastin in T- media

• Tunica Intima : 61+ 2:

– Thic0 thic0er than T-

intima A- Muscularis

– $ndthelial cells

@eibelD!alade bdies

vn @illebrand *actr

6stred nl" in arteries

– Membran elastica interna

incmplete

Tuni)a Inti!a



2%

•T*ic)est la+er ,ro! - ot*er tunica •.01 la+er o, elastic !e!$ran•

S!oot* !uscle "2#



2&

– T. Adventitia :

•T*in la+er o, ,i$roelastic connecti&e tissue• Vasa Vasoru! "2# reac* into T( Media•L+!'*atic &essel % ner&e ,i$ers

&n elastic arteries, the tunica adventitia consists mostly

of connective tissue ' the vasa vasorum

B MEDIUM % SMALL ARTERIE



2'

B( MEDIUM % SMALL ARTERIE• Endot*elial cells 3ei$el0Palade $odies

&on 3ille$rand ,actor• Me!$ran elastica interna"2#



2(



3

S!oot* !uscle la+er4• Muscular A( 4 t*ic) u' to . la+ers• S!all A( t*in



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• Muscular A( as t*ic) as T( !ediaconsist o, colaen % elastin ,i$er• Me!$rana elastica e)sterna"2#



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T*in T( Ad&entitia

C ARTERIOLE



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• ,enerall" diameter E +# mm 5 narr. lumen

• -( &ntima : – ub endthelial la"er ver" thin

– M- $lastica 7nterna 6D

• -( 8edia : mth Muscle 1D2 la"er

• -( Adventitia : – Ver" thin

– M- elastica e0sterna 6D

C( ARTERIOLE



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• Metaarteriole 4

– ranchin * arterile int capillaries 2

– )nstrictin help in reulate bld *l. in

capillaries 1+ 2

– >iscntinue smth muscle 1

– mth muscle as pre capillar" sphincter

cntrl bld *l. int capillar" bed 3

S i i d S S% % i



3#

Speciai)ed Sensory S%ruc%ure inAr%eries

• 3 t"pes: cartid sinus+ cartid bd"+ artic bd" mnitr bld pressure 5 bldcmpsitin essentialinput t brain *r cntrllinheart beat+ respiratin 5 !

• )artid sinus : – arreceptr .all *

cartid internal A-

– T- adventitia thinner 5heavil" end.ed .ith sensr"nerve *rm cranial nerve 7F

– T- Media relativel" thinner permit t be distended



3%

• )artid bd":

– )hemreceptr in bi*urcatin * cmmn A-

– )mpsed * small pale stainin cells in cnn-Tissue 2 t"pe : lmus 6t"pe 7 cells 5 sheath

6t"pe 77 cells

– ,lmus cells : lare nucleus+ dense cred vesicles+

cell prcess cntact .ith ther lmus cell 5

capillar" endthelial cell

– heath cells : mre ln 5 cmpleB prcess+

irreular nuclei

• Artic bd": structure similar t cartid bd"



3&



3'

! E I # ! E I #

!EI#

!EI#



3(

)lassi*icatin: 1+ 2

A- Lare Vein

- Medium 5 small veins

)- Venule

!EI# !EI#

•Vein .all thinner than arterie c?

muscular la"er 5 elastin la"er nt

as .ell develp as arteries

Vein )laps .ith irreular lumen2+3 • ame 3 la"er as arteries

A LAR5E VEINS



4

A( LAR5E VEINS

• Vena )ava+ Renalis+ !rta+

plennic etc 2

• Si!ilar to !ediu! &ein• Endoteliu!•

Su$endotel la+er t*in

• T * i n ! o s t l a r e & e i n 6 i t * o u t

t ( ! e d i a • S ! o o t * !

u s c l e % c o n n ( t i s s u e



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• T*ic)est and 6ell de&elo'

• S!oot* !uscle % conn( Tissue 6it*colaen % elastin ,i$er

8ih p.er vie. sh.s the vasa vasrum+

.hich suppl" bld *r the .all * this lare

vein

B MEDIUM % SMALL VEIN



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B( MEDIUM % SMALL VEIN

• >iameter : 1 D ( mm 1

• Gsuall" have valve 2

• -( &ntima: endthel

cntinue 1+ 2

• -( 8edia : mth muscle+claen 5 elastin *iber

• -( adventitia : 61+ 2:

– Thic0est than t- media

– mth muscle+ elastin 5

claen *iber



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•- se !i l una r , o l d o , T ( i nt i !a ' r o 7 e c t t o l u!e n

•C o ! ' o se d o , c o nn( t i ssue % l i ne d $ + e nd o t *e l i u!

•N u!e r o us i n l i !$

C VENULE



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C( VENULE• -( &ntima : 1, 2

– -hin ' continue endothelium

– -hin basal lamina with

pericytes• -( 8edia : 5

– *parse conn( -issue ' fewsmooth muscle cell

• -( adventitia :"1, 2#

– -hin

– Colagen ' fibroblast

CA$ILLARIE"

CA$ILLARIE"



4#

• mallest bld vessel 1+ 3

•,eneral structure :

2+ 3

– T- 7ntima sinle la"er* endthelium

– !eric"tes lcated alnutside cntractile

*unctin• Classification:1, 2 A- )ntinue/smatic

capillaries

- ;enestrated/per*rate

d capillaries)- inusid

• l. bld *l. 6+3mm/deti0+ arta H 32mm/deti0

CA$ILLARIE" CA$ILLARIE"

A CONTINUE CAPILLAR8



4%

A( CONTINUE CAPILLAR8

• ;und in )nn- Tissue+ muscle+

)I1+

2

• $ndthelium cntinue *asciaeccludentes 3 prevent passaeman" mlecules

• ;rm ld rain arrier

permeable nl" t certainsubstances

B FENESTRATED CAPILLAR8



4&

• imilar t cntinue but have

pres1+ 3

• ;und in : 0idne"+ intestine+

endcrine land

• ;enestrae :

– )vered .ith a pre diaphram1

– !re diaphram nt *und in

lmerulus1

B( FENESTRATED CAPILLAR8

C SINUSOID



4'

C( SINUSOID

Structure : 1+ 2+ 3

– Trtus path+ reatl" enlared diameter sl.s the circulatin * bld

– $ndthelium cells *rm discntinue la"er

– >iscntinue basal lamina

– Man" *enestrae lac0 .ith diaphram

• ;und in heart 5 hematpetic

rans1+ 2

ARTERIOLE !E#&LE ' CA$ILLARIE

ARTERIOLE !E#&LE ' CA$ILLARIE



4(

ARTERIOLE% !E#&LE ' CA$ILLARIEARTERIOLE% !E#&LE ' CA$ILLARIE

L()$H !A"C&LAR "("TE)

L()$H !A"C&LAR "("TE)



#

• Return eBtracellular li=uid

t bldstream1+ 2

<nedirectin

• !resent in thruhut bd"eBcept )I 5 ther *e.area

• lind end l"mphaticcapillariesl"mphaticvessel l"mphatic ducts 1+

2+ 3

A( Lymphatic capillaries :sinle la"er * attenuatedendthelial cells .ithincmplete basal lamina

blind end

L()$H !A"C&LAR "("TE) L()$H !A"C&LAR "("TE)

L h ti l



#1

( Lymphatic vessel : – )lsel" spaced valves1

– Lare l"mphatic vessel

resemble small veins1

– Lumina larer+ .alls thinner

– $ndthelium 6J

– mth muscle 6J+ cllaen5 elastic *iber6J



#2

C( 2 Lymphatic ducts :

– )nsist * : 1+ 2

>uctus Thracicus>uctus Limphaticus >eBter

– imilar t lare veins 1+ 2

– Vasa vasrum 5 rich in vascular net.r0 1

– @alls : 2

• T- 7ntima : $ndthel 5 subendthel 6J+ Lamina elastica

7nterna 6J

• T- Media : smth muscle K vein

• T- Adventitia : undevelp



#3



#4

R$;$R$I)$ :

1- 8istli >asar+ $disi 1+ L- )arls un=uira M>+ se

)arneir M>+ Rbert <- elle" !h>+ $,)+ 1((#- pp 21#D

231

2- $ssentials <* 8uman 8istl"+ ecnd $ditin+ @illiam -

rause !h>+ Little r.n 5 )mpan" 67nc+ 1((%- pp- 1(&D

22'

3- )lr TeBtb0 * 8istli+ 2nd editin+ ,artner L!+ 8iatt

L+ @ aunders )mpan"+ !hiladelphia+ !enns"lvania+21- !p 2#1D2&1

*UI+

*UI+



##

*UI+*UI+

*truktur yg ditun/uk panah

Adalah;(

1( *mall Arteri;(



#%

2( Large Arteri;(

5( 8uscular Arteri;(



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K2- Histologi- Sistem Kardiovaskular