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Three major forms of Juvenile Macular Degeneration
Best’s Disease Juvenile Retinoschisis Stargardt Disease
All are rare and cause central vision loss
Stargardt Disease First report in 1901 German Ophthalmologist Karl Stargardt 1997 genetic component discovered
Recessive gene Both parents must have
Stargardt GeneStargardt No protein produced Without protein no energy No energy photoreceptor
cells in retina degenerates
Normal Gene produces
protein Protein produces
energy Energy sent to the
photoreceptor cells
Effects of gene defect
Fatty yellow pigment (Lipofusion) Build up under cells in macula Rods and Cones are affected Atrophy in the macula Loss of central vision Blindness
Symptoms Visual Acuity
20/40 20/200 Central Vision Loss Vision Acuity Blurry Vision Distorted Vision
Symptoms Dark Areas Color Perceptions Central Scotoma
(Blind Spot in Central Vision)
Night Blindness Photophobia
(Abnormal tolerance for light)
Treatments No Cure Current research:
UV Protective glasses may slow the progression Limit intake of vitamin A Stem cells in adult body fat
References
Stargardt Disease. (n.d.). American Macular Degeneration Foundation |. Retrieved July 11, 2014, from https://www.macular.org/stargardt-disease
Stargardt macular degeneration. (2014, July 7). Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved July 11, 2014, from http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/stargardt-macular-degeneration
Kinkade, D. R. (2012, November 6). Low Vision Eyeglasses LowVisionEyeglasses.com: Guide to Macular Degeneration: Short Answers to Complex Questions. Low Vision Eyeglasses LowVisionEyeglasses.com: Guide to Macular Degeneration: Short Answers to Complex Questions. Retrieved July 11, 2014, from http://lowvisioneyeglasses.blogspot.com/2012/11/guide-to-macular-degeneration-short.html
Stargardt Disease. (2014, November 7). . Retrieved July 11, 2014, from http://www.retina-international.org/eye-conditions/retinal-degenerative-conditions/stargardt
Grossman, M. (2013, August 28). Stem Cells Discovered in Fat May Treat Macular Disgeneration, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Stargardt's. Eye conditions, eye care & diseases, treatment solutions. Retrieved July 11, 2014, from http://www.naturaleyecare.com/blog/stem-cells-fat/
Grossman, M. (n.d.). Stargardt's Disease. Eye Care. Retrieved July 11, 2014, from http://www.naturaleyecare.com/eye-conditions/stargardts/
What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?
AMD is a condition that causes central vision loss
AMD is the leading
cause of vision loss for
people over the age of 60
Two Forms of AMD Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration
More common Develops slowly
Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration More severe Develops quickly
Causes of AMD?
Causes are unknown but possible risk factors include:
• Smoking• Obesity• Poor Diet• Exposure to UV
light
• High Cholesterol• Hypertension• Hereditary• Race• Gender
Symptoms of AMD
Blurriness Wavy Lines Blind Spot
http://www.preservision.com/en/what-is-amd/visionsimulator/
Dry AMD Usually affects both eyes Light Sensitive cells in the macula begin to
breakdown and die Presents of Drusen
yellow spots under the retina
Photograph of a healthy eye
Photograph of an eye with dry AMD
Wet AMD Abnormal blood vessel growth Blood and fluid leak under the macula Leads to scarring
Photograph of a healthy eye
Photograph of an eye with wet AMD
TreatmentsDry AMD No cure or treatments Vitamins
Some studies show specific combinations of vitamins can slow the progression and impact
Wet AMD
No cure Treatments
Injections into the eye
Photodynamic Therapy
Laser Therapy
Tools to Detect Progression of AMD The Amsler Grid is a simple test to detect
early signs of AMD Demonstration of Reduced Visual Acuity
http://www.lucentis.com/get-support
Case Study: Ernest Smith Age-Related Macular Degeneration Advanced Wet AMD in OS Caused by oxidative stress Used optical coherence tomography test Treatment available: Thermal Laser Therapy Daily monitor: Amsler Grid Had to have treatment again
ReferencesAbout wet AMD. (n.d.). What is Wet AMD. Retrieved July 15, 2014, from
http://www.lucentis.com/information/wet-age-related-macular-degeneration
Boyd, K. (2013, September 1). What Is Age-Related Macular Degeneration?. - Eye M.D.-approved information from EyeSmart. Retrieved July 15, 2014, from http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/age-related-macular-degeneration/index.cfm
Wet macular degeneration. (n.d.). Definition. Retrieved July 15, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wet-macular-degeneration/basics/definition/con-20043518
What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?. (n.d.). Bausch + Lomb. Retrieved July 15, 2014,
from http://www.preservision.com/en/what-is-amd/what-is-amd/
WHAT IS AMD?. (n.d.). What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration?. Retrieved July 15, 2014, from http://www.amdawareness.org/asrs/what-is-amd