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JUNE 2010 PAPER 1 - HIGHER TIER

Question Response MarkSub-Mark

Total

1. (a) (i) Correct plotting (2) and line (1) allow one incorrectplot; two or three incorrect deduct mark.

3

(ii) Likely answer:

Fast cooling at the edge (1)Slow cooling in the centre (1)Use of terms faster or slower implies a difference (2)Insulation (1)

2

(iii) Pluton/batholith 1 6(b) (i) Crystalline (1) Non-foliated (1)

Originally limestone (1) (Extra mark for origin oflimestone)Heat/high temperature/baking (1)From the pluton (1)Metamorphism (1)Contact (metamorphism) (1)

Metamorphic aureole (1)Lack of pressure (1)

2

4 6 12

2. (a) (i) Permian (1) 1(ii) Tropical/desert / equatorial / 0-30 degrees (1) 1

(iii) Evaporation (1) of sea water (1) hot/arid/warm (1)shallow (sea) (1)

2 4

(b) (i) 8 cm (1) 1

(ii) Poorly sorted (1) angular (1) fragmentary (1) 3

(iii) 2 (1) 1

(iv) Grain shape angular - little attrition so corners notsmoothed off

(2) erosion (1)orPoorly sorted - little time for finer grains to beremoved-dumpedall at once / more sorted the further the transport (2)

2

(v) Box next to 'Breccia' (1) 1 8 12

3. (a) (i) Fissure (1) 1(ii) Dams (1) concrete blocks (1) explosives to divert

lava (1)3

(iii) 1000m/50hrs (1) = 20 m per hour (1) 2

(b) Increasing seismic activity (2)Change in composition/increase in gases (2)

Change in slope/shape of volcano (2) history ofvolcano (2)Increasing frequency of small eruptions (2) Any 2 4 10

(c) (i) 1, 2 and 4 3

(ii) Subduction (1)Partial melting (1)Of oceanic crust (1)And overlying Mantle(1) Any 3 3 6 16

4. (a) (i) 30-34 s (1) 1(ii) F (1) 1 2

(b) (i) Increase in velocity (1)

S waves stop (1) P waves decrease in velocity (1)P waves increase in velocity or constant (1) 4

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(ii) Mantle (1) Outer Core (1)Solid (1) Liquid (1)Basaltic (1) Iron Rich (1) 6 10 12

5. (a) (i) G (1) J (1) G (1) J (1) H (1) 5(ii) Extraction - spillage/danger to wildlife / explosion (2)

Use - carbon dioxide/global warming (2)2 7

(b) (i) 2000m (1) 1

(ii) Salt dome (1) 1

(iii) Correct labels (2) 2 4

(c) Correct label (1)Anticline / unconformity structure (1) / has seal ofimpermeablerock clays (1) / has reservoir rock (sands) (1) Any 2 3 3 14

6. (a) Ammonites (1) Brachiopods (1) Trilobites (1) 3 3(b) Widespread (1)

Rapid evolution/short time range (1)Easily identified (1)Well preserved (1) Any 3 3 3

(c) N 4 stipes P 2 stipes (2)N stipes point up P stipes point down (2)Q thecae on both sides of stipe R thecae on oneside of stipe(2)R different shape of thecae (2) 4 4 10

7. (a) (i) Correct labels (4) 4(ii) Dolerite dyke (1) 1

(iii) Younger than Carboniferous or Silurian (1)Older than Jurassic (1)Cuts Carboniferous or Silurian (1)Stops at base of Jurassic (1) 4 9

(b) (i) Ammonites (1) 1

(ii) Carboniferous - river/delta orJurassic shallowmarine (1)Carboniferous plants (land) coal (swamp) bivalves(nonmarine)shale (flood plain) (3)Jurassic brachiopods/corals/ammonites (marine)Brachiopods/corals shallowCorals reefLimestone shallow marine (3) 4 5 14

8. (a) (i) Sandstone (1) 1

(ii) Aquifer (1) 1(iii) Shading (1)

Water table higher (1)Spring base of sandstone or at fault (1)

111

(iv) Flooding (1) 1 6

(b) Advantage impermeable (1) No leaking of leachate(1)Disadvantage near town (1) Danger of poisoning (1)or Near water extraction (1) Danger of poisoning (1) 4 4 10