United Nations Development United Nations Development ProgrammeProgrammeBratislava Regional Centre – Europe & Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS CIS

The UNDP The UNDP Water Governance Water Governance

StrategyStrategyA follow-up to the HA follow-up to the Human Development uman Development

Report 2006 Report 2006 ““Beyond Scarcity: Beyond Scarcity:

Power, poverty and the global water crisisPower, poverty and the global water crisis””

Juerg Staudenmann Juerg Staudenmann Water Governance Advisor Water Governance Advisor

Water-CoP Meeting (Almaty – 25-26 October 2007)Water-CoP Meeting (Almaty – 25-26 October 2007)

HDR 2006 HDR 2006 Key Observations Key Observations

The “Global Water Crisis” means The “Global Water Crisis” means deprivation deprivation in access to water: in access to water: Water for life and for livelihoodsWater for life and for livelihoods: : – poverty, weak legal rightspoverty, weak legal rights and and public public

policies policies limit access to the infrastructure that limit access to the infrastructure that provide it provide it

Even lower political commitment to Even lower political commitment to sanitation and hygienesanitation and hygiene: : – 2.6 billion people without access2.6 billion people without access– 1.8 million child deaths/year 1.8 million child deaths/year Large disparities: WSS deficitsLarge disparities: WSS deficits– much larger in much larger in rural areas rural areas compared to urban, compared to urban, – affect poor far worse than rich peopleaffect poor far worse than rich people

Link WSS – Human DevelopmentLink WSS – Human Development Successfully tackling the WSS crises Successfully tackling the WSS crises

could trigger next leap forward in could trigger next leap forward in human developmenthuman development

Y X

R-squar

ed

HDI % access water (2004) 0.631406

HDI % access sanitation (2004) 0.73256

HDI % GDP Health (2003) 0.352122

HDI % GDP Education (2003) 0.07682

HDIElectricity use per capita

(2003) 0.401594

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Human Development Index

% a

ccess t

o s

an

itati

on

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Human Development Index

% w

ith

access t

o w

ate

r

The Global Water Crisis The Global Water Crisis The The neglect is ethically indefensibleneglect is ethically indefensible and and economically short-sightedeconomically short-sighted: : – water investments have benefit/cost ratio water investments have benefit/cost ratio

averaging 8:1averaging 8:1Added dimension: Added dimension: climate changeclimate change – could widely undo development gains - could widely undo development gains -

intensified water insecurity and vulnerability of intensified water insecurity and vulnerability of poor countries and people to climate variability poor countries and people to climate variability and extremesand extremes

No sector has suffered a No sector has suffered a lack of global lack of global leadershipleadership more than water and more than water and sanitation – sanitation – – need concerted global action to scale up access need concerted global action to scale up access

to sanitation & water for life and livelihoodsto sanitation & water for life and livelihoods

Water for Water for Sustainable Human DevelopmentSustainable Human DevelopmentWater & sanitation access Water & sanitation access linked to the other linked to the other MDGsMDGs; many ; many cannotcannot be achieved if water fails be achieved if water failsWater – poverty nexusWater – poverty nexus::– Enhanced livelihood securityEnhanced livelihood security– Reduced health risksReduced health risks– Reduced vulnerabilityReduced vulnerability– Pro-poor economic growthPro-poor economic growth

Ultimate Ultimate shared resourceshared resource – who gets it and how – who gets it and how it is used is a it is used is a matter of water governancematter of water governanceInterdependence also transboundary – 90% of Interdependence also transboundary – 90% of world population in countries with shared river world population in countries with shared river basinsbasinsCompeting demands for water means the poor Competing demands for water means the poor will lose out on all fronts unless we change and will lose out on all fronts unless we change and improve water governanceimprove water governance

Key HDR 2006 Key HDR 2006 recommendations: recommendations:

Water for Water for LifeLifeMake water a human right – Make water a human right – legislativelylegislatively

National strategies for water and National strategies for water and sanitationsanitation

Increase international aid Increase international aid (+ USD 3-4 billion/year = ODA x2) (+ USD 3-4 billion/year = ODA x2)

Global Action Plan Global Action Plan

HDR 2006 serves to re-focus international HDR 2006 serves to re-focus international attention and catalyze concerted actionattention and catalyze concerted action

Key HDR 2006 Key HDR 2006 recommendations: recommendations: Water for Water for LivelihoodsLivelihoods

Develop IWRM strategiesDevelop IWRM strategies (integrated (integrated into NDS & PRSPs)into NDS & PRSPs)Put Put gender rights gender rights to water at center of to water at center of developmentdevelopmentStrengthen water and land rights - Strengthen water and land rights - Legal Legal empowerment empowerment of the poor of the poor Integrate Integrate climate change adaptation climate change adaptation into into NDS & PRSPsNDS & PRSPsStrengthen institutional capacity & Strengthen institutional capacity & financing financing at all levels – local, national, at all levels – local, national, transboundarytransboundary

HDR serves to re-focus international HDR serves to re-focus international attention and catalyze concerted actionattention and catalyze concerted action

UNDP’s Mission, Roles, and UNDP’s Mission, Roles, and ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

Sustainable Human Development and MDG Sustainable Human Development and MDG agenda agenda Strengthen UN system-wide coordination and Strengthen UN system-wide coordination and promote UN system-wide partnership strategies promote UN system-wide partnership strategies Advocacy and advice, and concrete development Advocacy and advice, and concrete development services at national level services at national level Four development focus areas:Four development focus areas:– Poverty reduction and the MDGsPoverty reduction and the MDGs– Democratic GovernanceDemocratic Governance– Crisis Prevention and RecoveryCrisis Prevention and Recovery– Environment and sustainable development Environment and sustainable development

Water is cross-cutting with links to all ! Water is cross-cutting with links to all !

Dev. Dev. Focus Focus AreaArea

Key Result Areas: Linkages to WaterKey Result Areas: Linkages to Water

Poverty Poverty ReductioReduction & n & MDGsMDGs

• Promoting inclusive growthPromoting inclusive growth• Supporting MDG-based national Supporting MDG-based national

development strategies development strategies

Access to WSS and water resources Access to WSS and water resources assets as assets as main drivers main drivers of poverty of poverty reductionreduction and prerequisite to and prerequisite to achieving almost all MDGsachieving almost all MDGs

Mainstreaming of WSS & IWRM into Mainstreaming of WSS & IWRM into MDG-based national development MDG-based national development strategies strategies

Address rural/urban, rich/poor Address rural/urban, rich/poor inequalities inequalities in access to water in access to water servicesservices

Water Governance Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development

Focus AreasFocus Areas

Dev. Focus Dev. Focus AreaArea

Key Result Areas: Linkages to WaterKey Result Areas: Linkages to Water

DemocratDemocratic ic GovernanGovernancece

• Fostering inclusive participationFostering inclusive participation• Strengthen responsive institutionsStrengthen responsive institutions

Water crisis is principally one of Water crisis is principally one of governance, not of scarcity governance, not of scarcity

Inclusive participation Inclusive participation in water in water resources management resources management

Strengthening water governance Strengthening water governance institutions and mechanismsinstitutions and mechanisms

Integrating Integrating human rights & gender human rights & gender equality equality in water governancein water governance

Water Governance Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development

Focus AreasFocus Areas

Dev. Dev. Focus Focus AreaArea

Key Result Areas: Linkages to WaterKey Result Areas: Linkages to Water

Crisis Crisis PreventioPrevention & n & RecoveryRecovery

• Reducing the risk of crisis and Reducing the risk of crisis and systematic prevention of disastersystematic prevention of disaster

• Restoring the foundation for Restoring the foundation for development after crisisdevelopment after crisis

Reducing Reducing water-related risks and water-related risks and crisescrises (drought, floods, landslides, etc.) (drought, floods, landslides, etc.) through integrated water resources through integrated water resources management and CC adaptation management and CC adaptation

Water governance & management as Water governance & management as entry point for conflict prevention entry point for conflict prevention ((at local and transboundary levels) at local and transboundary levels)

Water Governance Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development

Focus AreasFocus Areas

Dev. Focus Dev. Focus AreaArea

Key Result Areas: Linkages to WaterKey Result Areas: Linkages to Water

EnvironmenEnvironment & t & Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmenDevelopmentt

• Mainstreaming environment: policy, Mainstreaming environment: policy, institutional, fiscal measuresinstitutional, fiscal measures

Integrating IWRM into Integrating IWRM into NDS / PRS(P)s NDS / PRS(P)s

Environmental FinanceEnvironmental Finance: Market-based & : Market-based & other other financial mechanisms financial mechanisms for WSS, for WSS, sustainable management sustainable management of water of water resources and aquatic ecosystems (cost resources and aquatic ecosystems (cost recovery, public-private partnerships, incl. recovery, public-private partnerships, incl. water quality aspects)water quality aspects)

Adapting to Adapting to climate change climate change (to (to reduce/minimize water stress and scarcity of reduce/minimize water stress and scarcity of clean water resulting from climate change) clean water resulting from climate change)

Expanding Expanding access to environment and access to environment and energy services energy services (WSS – capacity for (WSS – capacity for service delivery, community-government service delivery, community-government partnershipspartnerships

Water Governance Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development

Focus AreasFocus Areas

1.1. Assist in developing Assist in developing national strategiesnational strategies for for equitable management and governance of waterequitable management and governance of water

– Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) – Access to water supply and sanitation (WSS) Access to water supply and sanitation (WSS)

2.2. Local action on water and sanitationLocal action on water and sanitation3.3. Cooperation on Transboundary WatersCooperation on Transboundary Waters4.4. Adaptation to climate changeAdaptation to climate change5.5. Global and regional advocacy & collaboration on Global and regional advocacy & collaboration on

water governancewater governance

Cross cuttingCross cutting::Capacity developmentCapacity developmentGender equalityGender equalityHuman rights based approach Human rights based approach

UNDP’s Strategic Priorities UNDP’s Strategic Priorities for Water (globally)for Water (globally)

Overarching Approaches Overarching Approaches for Coordination and Programme Supportfor Coordination and Programme Support

CoordinationCoordination: : ““One UN” coordinated approach (Pilot One UN” coordinated approach (Pilot countries, roll-out) countries, roll-out) Mainstreaming IWRM & WSS in UNDAF* Mainstreaming IWRM & WSS in UNDAF* process process Regional UN Coordinators to raise profile of Regional UN Coordinators to raise profile of the water crisis with governments the water crisis with governments Spain MDG Achievement fund support Spain MDG Achievement fund support UN Water – normative & coordination supportUN Water – normative & coordination supportSet agenda with key agencies, IFIs, donor Set agenda with key agencies, IFIs, donor partners partners Facilitate Global Action Plan Facilitate Global Action Plan Global & regional advocacy on water Global & regional advocacy on water governance (UNDP as lead UN agency)governance (UNDP as lead UN agency)

* UNDAF = national UN Development Assistant Framework * UNDAF = national UN Development Assistant Framework

Overarching Approaches Overarching Approaches for Coordination and Programme Support for Coordination and Programme Support

(cont.)(cont.)Programme SupportProgramme Support::

Support to Support to mainstreaming IWRM, WSSmainstreaming IWRM, WSS in in PRS(P)s, national dev. plans (e.g. UNDP CPs, PRS(P)s, national dev. plans (e.g. UNDP CPs, PEI, PEF, MDG Support Services)PEI, PEF, MDG Support Services)Water governance reform & IWRM Water governance reform & IWRM strategiesstrategies – local, nat’l, transboundary (incl. – local, nat’l, transboundary (incl. GEF IW, LD, Water Governance Facility)GEF IW, LD, Water Governance Facility)Community-based actionCommunity-based action to scale up WSS, to scale up WSS, local WRM (incl. Small Grants Programme) local WRM (incl. Small Grants Programme) AdaptationAdaptation (GEF, other sources?) (GEF, other sources?) Capacity buildingCapacity building (CapNet and others) (CapNet and others) Mainstreaming Mainstreaming human rights and genderhuman rights and genderConflict preventionConflict preventionSpain MDG fund (UNCT projects) Spain MDG fund (UNCT projects)

The Way ForwardThe Way Forward

Refine UNDP regional strategies and programmes to strengthen water interventions in support of MDG targetsFocus support on countries with largest water-MDG needsScale up implementation through existing partnerships and programmes, such as – Global Water Partnership, – CapNet, – Water Governance Facility, – SGP/Community Water Initiative/Shared

Waters Partnership– UNDP-Coke Partnership “Every Drop

Matters”

The Way Forward (cont.) The Way Forward (cont.)

Deepen UN agency and “allies” partnerships for collaborative, complementary action and division of labor, e.g.– UNECE: advise and support for implementation of

regional conventions (Water Coinvention, Protocol on Water & Health)

– UNEP: ecosystem sustainability, IWRM, poverty-environment links

– UNICEF: water supply, sanitation, and hygiene campaign; policy, decentralization, service delivery links v

– OECD: Economic & WSS Financing Feasibility Studies

– Banks: infrastructure development – policy environment for access by the poor, national development strategy, PRS(P)s links

The Way Forward (cont.) The Way Forward (cont.)

Parthership & Ressource Mobilization: UNDP is presently under-resourced for

effective implementation of Water Governance Strategy and HDR follow-up

UN(DP)-internal advocacy & measures: – Enhance Global Water Governance

Programme – Strengthen regional expertise,

coordination and leadership capacity – Support, advise and coordinate ‘One-UN’

country level approaches – Secure dedicated long-term

commitment

Situation in RBEC? Situation in RBEC? Countries PROJECTED in business-as-usual scenario NOT to Countries PROJECTED in business-as-usual scenario NOT to

achieve the water supply or sanitation MDGs achieve the water supply or sanitation MDGs ((work in progresswork in progress): ):

Projected % Projected % achieve. achieve. Water / Water / Sanitation MDG Sanitation MDG

WSS Plan / ..in WSS Plan / ..in PRSP / ..in PRSP / ..in UNDAF UNDAF

UNICEF / UNICEF / UNEP / MDG-S UNEP / MDG-S country / country / Span MDG-F Span MDG-F

Status of Status of IWRM IWRM Planning / Planning / planned UNDP planned UNDP support support

Armenia Armenia OK / n.d. OK / n.d. Y / YN / NN Y / YN / NN Y / .. / N / N Y / .. / N / N 1 / GEF-IWRM 1 / GEF-IWRM

AzerbaijanAzerbaijan 78.3 / n.d. 78.3 / n.d. Y / ?? / na Y / ?? / na Y / .. / N / N Y / .. / N / N 3 / GEF-IWRM 3 / GEF-IWRM

KazakhstanKazakhstan OK / 83.1 OK / 83.1 Y / YY / YY Y / YY / YY N / N / .. / N / N .. / N / N 1 / exist. proj1 / exist. proj

KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan 76.9 / 64.1 76.9 / 64.1 Y / YY / na Y / YY / na N / N / .. / N / N .. / N / N 2 / new reg 2 / new reg projproj

TajikistanTajikistan OK / n.d. OK / n.d. Y / YY / na Y / YY / na Y / Y / .. / Y / N .. / Y / N 2 / new reg 2 / new reg projproj

TurkeyTurkey 83.5 / 85.483.5 / 85.4 Y / YY / na Y / YY / na N / N / .. / N / Y.. / N / Y na (?) / N na (?) / N

TurkmenistaTurkmenistann

OK / n.d. OK / n.d. Y / NN / YN Y / NN / YN N / N / .. / N / N .. / N / N 2 / EUWI? 2 / EUWI?

UzbekistanUzbekistan 79.3 / 89.979.3 / 89.9 Y / YY / na Y / YY / na N / N / .. / N / N .. / N / N 2 / new nat 2 / new nat projproj

UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead taking the lead

““RegionalizationRegionalization” of Global WatGov Strategy ” of Global WatGov Strategy – Continue Transboundary Waters portfolio Continue Transboundary Waters portfolio – Take on board “Adaptation to climate change” Take on board “Adaptation to climate change” – Promoting and supporting Promoting and supporting development of national development of national

strategiesstrategies on Water Supply & Sanitation on Water Supply & Sanitation Mainstreamed into National IWRM Planning Mainstreamed into National IWRM Planning UN regional and UNCT-coordination approach UN regional and UNCT-coordination approach HRBA and “action focus on local level” HRBA and “action focus on local level”

New regional New regional Programme on HRBA & Water Programme on HRBA & Water Governance Governance – Based on Based on Protocol on Water & HealthProtocol on Water & Health, needs , needs

assessment (priority countries) and other regional assessment (priority countries) and other regional frameworks and foundations frameworks and foundations

– Aim at government support for Aim at government support for national WSS national WSS strategies strategies

– Regional framework & national “model approach” Regional framework & national “model approach” for concrete projects at national an local level for concrete projects at national an local level

UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead taking the lead (cont.) (cont.)

Knowledge Management:Knowledge Management: WaterWiki WaterWiki ((http://WaterWiki.undp.skhttp://WaterWiki.undp.sk) ) – Maintain Maintain knowledge map and on-line knowledge map and on-line

collaboration tool collaboration tool as tool for the regional as tool for the regional CoP CoP

– Amend & integrate Amend & integrate new features new features (rating & (rating & vetting, who-is-who, better navigation, “my vetting, who-is-who, better navigation, “my Wiki”, and much more…) Wiki”, and much more…)

– Test linkage with new (“web 2.0”) Test linkage with new (“web 2.0”) technologies: SKYPE, Facebook, blogs, ... technologies: SKYPE, Facebook, blogs, ...

– Strategic Partnerships and dynamic Strategic Partnerships and dynamic web-linkingweb-linking: UNECE River Basin : UNECE River Basin Assessment 2, EC Guideline on Water, etc. Assessment 2, EC Guideline on Water, etc.

StrategicStrategic partnerships & resource mobilizationpartnerships & resource mobilization– UNECE: Protocol on Water & Health (HRBA & UNECE: Protocol on Water & Health (HRBA &

WatGov) WatGov) – EU Water Initiative (IWRM & WSS) EU Water Initiative (IWRM & WSS) – OECD: WSS infrastructure feasibility study OECD: WSS infrastructure feasibility study – Cap-Net / GWP (capacity building, networking, Cap-Net / GWP (capacity building, networking,

stakeholder platforms) stakeholder platforms) – UNDP’s Stockholm Water Governance Facility / UNDP’s Stockholm Water Governance Facility /

SIWI (expertise & support) SIWI (expertise & support) – (Potential) bilateral partners (Norway, Finland, (Potential) bilateral partners (Norway, Finland,

Switzerland, ..) Switzerland, ..) – OSCE/UNEP/REC/UNECE (ENVSEC) OSCE/UNEP/REC/UNECE (ENVSEC) – UNESCO/UNICEF/…? UNESCO/UNICEF/…? – Local partnersLocal partners

UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead taking the lead (cont.)(cont.)

United Nations Development United Nations Development ProgrammeProgrammeBratislava Regional Centre – Europe & Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS CIS

Thank you!Thank you!

http://europeandcis.undp.org/envirohttp://europeandcis.undp.org/environmentnment

http://WaterWiki.undp.skhttp://WaterWiki.undp.sk