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JRA5: Smart Focal Planes

Colin CunninghamUK Astronomy Technology Centre,

Royal Observatory Edinburgh

Callum Norrie, Suzie Ramsay Howat, Peter Hastings, Eli Atad: UK ATC, Juergen Schmoll: Durham, Eric Prieto, Frederic Zamkotsian: LAM, Roger Haynes, Jeremy Bailey: AAO, Lorenzo Zago: CSEM, Paco Garzon: IAC, Ian Parry: Cambridge, Fabio Bortoletto: PaduaAnd many others at Astron, CRAL,TNO-TPD, Reflex, LFM

JRA5 Smart Focal Planes, Sept 05 2

What do we mean by Smart Focal Planes?

‘Smart Focal Planes are devices that enable the efficient sampling of a telescope focal plane to feed spectroscopic and imaging instruments’

But note that we do not include smart focal plane detectors in this programme


ParticipantsThe Smart Focal Planes Team

Laboratoire d’Astrophysique Marseille France Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon France Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias Spain UK Astronomy Technology Centre UK Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, University of Durham UK Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge UK Anglo Australian Observatory UK/Australia ASTRON Netherlands TNO-TPD Netherlands CSEM SA Switzerland Observatories of Padua & Milan Italy Reflex SRO Czech Republic LFM, University of Bremen Germany


Motivation

Put Europe in a leading position for developing instruments for the next generation of giant telescopes by developing technology to enable Smart Focal Planes


Programme Structure



Setting Technology working specifications

Use ELT MOS instrument concepts from FP6 design study as challenging pointers for technology development

Multi Object Multi Spectrometer and Imager (MOMSI) to 100m OWL interfaceWFSPEC – seeing limited/Ground Layer AO wide field spectrometer


MOMSI science Exploitation of the Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics corrected field of view

How can this be achieved by a practical instrument?Sampling the 2 arcmin field at the diffraction limit for imaging alone requires thousands of detectors.


MOMSI pick-off field


General principles

Pick-offmirror

Déformable steeringmirror

DeformableMirror

Intégral fieldunit andspectrometer

Pick-off mirror placed by robot

Spherical pick-off mirror

Toroidal steering mirror

Displacement of the steering mirror:

Tip- tiltAberration compensationOptical path difference compensation

From Eric Prieto, LAM


Technology Developments


StarbugsDeveloped by the Anglo Australian Observatory


Pick-Off Mirrors & PositionerStarbugs may have development problems, and without wireless power and control have trailing harnessSimple ‘Dumb Pick-Off Mirrors’ and a pick-and-place mechanism are seen as an alternative with longer heritage from fibre positioners


Planetary Positioner for Dumb POMS


Planetary Positioner for Dumb POMS

UK Patent applied for, number 0513339.2


Gripper

precision gripper with z-axis motionand through axis optical hole for mirror placing


Beam Steering Deformable Mirrors


‘WFSPEC’ Slit-based MOS Spectrometer

Spec4’ FOV, GLAO or seeing-limited0.6 > 2.5 um

Very hard to do for F/6 OWLWe decided to base the slit MOS spec closer to 8-10m MOS instrument such as EMIR for GTC, with a 1’ FOVThis is still difficult – needs a very fast camera


SMART-MOSScience link from ELT Science Study to SMART-MOS completeInstrument Requirements Document Complete with OWL ICDZemax optical designs show feasible configurations for:

a) transmissive reconfigurable slits with a field flattenerb) Reflective MOEMs slits and a 2 m curved focal plane

Limitation on FOV in NIR to ~1arcmin comes from present size limitation of IR optics to around 300 mm.Specifications derived for reconfigurable slits and MOEMs.MOEMs focal plane to consist of sixteen 45*45mm arrays butted with mirrors tilting at 20°.


Slit mechanisms

Developed for JWST NIRSPECTwo alternatives:

Sliding bars – originally proposed by David Crampton at HIA Victoria, Canada, developed by CSEMMOEMS shutters developed by Harvey Moseley at NASA Goddard

We are developing MOEMS mirror arrays


Macro mechanismLorenzo Zago, CSEM


Prototype for JWST


Development work in OpticonCost reductions

Slit barsExtruded not groundMachined rather than EDM

Novel actuator drives for 200 actuators for 50 slit mask


MOEMS reconfigurable slitsFrederic Zamkotsian, LAM


MOEMS Shutters for JWST

LAM Characterization bench

Outputpupil

CCD camera(Contrast measurement)

White light

CCD camera(pupil imagery)

Micro-Mirror Array

L1 L3

L4

L2

L5

Inputpupil

Filters

Sources definition and location


Contrast of the MMA (DMD1)

4400 1 MMA

4 MMA

Contrast for 0°/10° configuration

F/34 F/34 +50%

F/34 +100%

Effective contrast = 400

Resolved contrast in +/-10° configuration0 600

0

Effective contrast

> 3000

OFFON

+/- 10°

OFF

ON

0° / 10°


MOEMS Mirror array specProgrammable slit mask = micro-mirror arrayOne micro-mirror ON / astronomical elementDeflection angle: 20° (ON position) Mirror surface flat Gaps between mirrors have to be minimizedMicro-element size: 100 µm x 200 µm Driving voltage: < 100 V Array size: according to the field of view and the plate scale Contrast ratio target: 3000Fill factor: > 90% Reliability, cryoactuation,


MOEMS Mirror elements Prototype element made at Institute of Microtechnology at University of Neuchatel, SwitzerlandFollowing survey of ‘low cost’ MOEMS capabilities in Europe

200 microns


Image Slicers – Durham ++Image slicers used to split up field to generate 3D data cubeReplication seen as attractive for 100+ slicersTest Pieces to determine design constraints & surface finish obtainableIndustry has expertise from X-ray Mirrors

Reflex (Czech Republic) & Media Lario (Italy)Make replicated Image Slicer to GNIRS design


Aim: replicate GNIRS slicer



The “replication challenger” parts


Replicated components


Surface profile


Fibres -Ian Parry, IoA Cambridge

Fibre IFUs can be quite large for ELTs – 25mm diam.Idea: fix IFU to glass plate using gas pressure –47Kg forceWill work at -60C


Enabling Technologies & Support

CryomechanismsReviewLinear SlidesFriction study

MetrologySystems EngineeringTechnology Roadmapping


Linear Actuators - ASTRONComprehensive overview done on currently available Linear Actuators that can operate at cryogenic temperatures

Comprehensive study of suitable materials, surface treatments, coating and design for linear sliders

Currently testing actuators and bearings towards production of cryogenic linear positioning prototype suitable for example for use in pick-off arms


Review of cryogenic actuators and position sensors – UK ATC

Review of 75 ground-based instruments from 1982 to date:

•MOTORS •ROTARY MOTION•ANGULAR MOTION•LINEAR MOTION

•ENCODING •BEARINGS•BACKLASH CONTROL

•Conclusions made on best practice and areas where development is needed


Friction study - IACStudy of dynamic resistance of materials for braking of GRISM wheels in cryogenic environment

Nituff/Nituff and Stainless Steel/Bronze showed good results


Achievements SummaryDeveloped Instrument concepts to set working specifications for Technology DevelopmentReviewed enabling cryo-mechanical technologies Working Starbug prototypesNovel Pick and Place mechanism concept > prototypeStarted development of beam-steering deformable mirrorsDeveloped replication techniques for image slicersIdentified source for cryo MOEMS mirrors for MOS and made single element


Milestone chart

)

2418Prototypes of key beam steering elements made (rescheduled because of adoption of active mirrors)

1818six monthly progress reports

1817Report on fibre materials and fibre IFUs for multi-object applications

1617Transmissive devices test pieces made

1717Smooth image slicer optics test pieces made

1817Report on image slicer technology and manufacturing

1515Development plan for Cryogenic MOEMS test facility

1215Report on slit configuration technologies and manufacturing

1415Report on concepts, technology and materials for Cryo mechanisms for actuators and linear slides

1315Pre-Prototype pick-off mechanism made

1015Smart Focal Planes instrument concepts & requirements document

1814Report on new ways to manufacture fibre-based IFUs for the wavelength range 0.35 - 2.5 microns

Project Month Achieved

Project Month Due

Description


Financial Summary

12835301201518Total

257239210028Indirect

1979137396Subcontract

7086161929Travel

119780133495Equipment

815959758670 Manpower

ActualPlannedAfter 18 months


Links to other FP6 programmes

Key Technologies NetworkELT Instruments Roadmapping at GrenobleOptics for ELT Instruments workshop coming up in Rome

ELT Design StudyColin Cunningham the leading instrument studies, following on from the studies in SFP and the OWL instrument studies


Next stepsDecide on priorities for next phase of developmentDevelop working prototypes

StarbugsPlanetary PositionerBeam Steering deformable mirrorsReplicated Image SlicerMOEMS mirror elements

Propose prototype instrument based on these technologiesBuild a MOMSI/MOMFIS !


ProposalDevelopment of a single unit low cost integrated IFU / SpectrometerMore instruments are considering the use of multiple spectrometers – a concept which is only feasible if costs for these are reduce and their volume minimised.Exciting concepts for such a device have emerged from LAM and the UKATC within the SFP programme, and this will be extended with the inclusion of an industrial contractor (TBD).Total Eligible Cost €171k


ProposalDevelopment of a micron-accuracy wide-field pick-off metrology systemFor both star-bugs and a planetary positioner system an optical metrology system will be required to know precisely the position and orientation of many tens of pick-off mirrors simultaneously. This will take advantage of AAOs heavily sub-pixel positioning software expertise. Total Eligible Cost €229k


ProposalDevelopment of a Smart MOS demonstratorThe objective of this work will be to take advantage of the promising work on MOEMs where critical functions are being experimentally validated to the next technology readiness level –full MOEMs slit subsystem validation in a laboratory environment.This work will continue the collaboration of LAM, IAC and UKATC.Total Eligible Cost €186k


Summary

Very successful!New Technologies developedOn track for spend – but next phase will be a challengeNew teams and partnerships working wellExciting future concepts for ELT instrumentsPlans for further development – now need to look for funding sources

Documents

JRA5: Smart Focal Planes - astro-opticon.org · JRA5: Smart Focal Planes ... zToroidal steering mirror zDisplacement of the steering mirror: ... zThe objective of this work will be