Opticon JRA5: Smart Focal Planes

Colin CunninghamUK ATC, Edinburgh

11th November 2008

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OPTICON Smart Focal Planes Consortium

• Partners:– UK ATC, Univs Durham & Cambridge (UK)– LAM, CRAL (France)– IAC (Spain)– TNO/TPD, ASTRON (Netherlands), – CSEM (Switzerland)– INAF-Padova (Italy)– Univ Bremen (Germany)– Reflex s r o (Czech Republic)

– Anglo Australian Observatory (UK/Australia)

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Objectives

• Evaluate, develop and prototype of technologies for Smart Focal Planes

• Build up and strengthen a network of expertise in Europe, and encourage mobility between partners

• Engage European Industry in the development of technologies which can be batch produced to enable future complex instruments to be built economically

• Enable these technologies to be developed to the stage where they can be considered for the next generation of telescopes

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Survey of Smart Focal Plane technologies

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Science Motivation: Multi IFU Spectroscopy

Prominent Science Cases1. First light – the highest-redshift galaxies2. Physics of high-redshift galaxies

Secondary Science Cases1. Resolved Stellar populations2. Initial Mass Function in stellar clusters

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Multi-Slit Spectroscopy

•Multi-slit spectroscopy in the NIR provides an alternative, which may be better fitted to some science cases

•MOSFIRE on Keck > TMT instrument

Image courtesy Ian McLean (UCLA)

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Methodology

• Start with Instrument concepts to define technology requirements – SmartMOS & SmartMOMSI

• Develop and prototype technology• Feed lessons back into iterations of

instrument concepts• Feed this into ELT instrument Design

Studies and Phase A studies– Very successful > EAGLE, SMOS, OPTIMOS

consortia

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Phase B

• WP6: Prototype Technologies: Design: Build and test prototype devices and subsystems. Complete

• WP7: Verify Technology: Design, build, and test laboratory test equipment, and evaluate the new technology prototype devices in test equipment. Demonstrate manufacturability of chosen technology. Complete

• WP8: Feasibility studies: Continue studies of feasibility of technologies with medium to long-term availability and potential high performance Yes – MOEMS devices & Micro robots

Technology Highlights since Corfu Meeting

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TipTilt Focus cryogenic unit

• NOVA-ASTRON: Johan Pragt & Lars Venema

• Aimed at focal plane alignment at temp. down to 70K

• Based on Industrial (low-cost) piezo motor

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Piezo characterisation at low temperature

• Several motors tested• Piezo material characterised till 77K

(dielectric strenght, voltage - expansion)• Piezoleg of piezomotor tested till 100K

– Modified electronics– Motor speed and force at low temperatures equals room

temperature

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Design of prototype

• Mechanical design

• Mechanical calculations

• Specifications based on Xshooter nIR detector • Moving mass 1 kg

• Speed: 0.5 mm/sec• Focus (along z axis) total stroke: ± 0.6 mm,

res.:2.5 µm• Tip/Tilt stroke: ± 1.2 mrad , resolution: 0.1 mrad • Self braking system• Earth quake resistant to 4 g without damage• First natural frequency > 60 Hz• All gravity directions• Environment: 293 K, 105 K vacuum, 77 K vacuum

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Working prototype

• Low-cost Industrial piezo motor, modified and tested for cryogenic use

• Design of a small TipTiltFocus unit for Hawaii 2RG detector, suitable as building block for optical components

• Build of a full working unit

• Publication and demonstrated working unit at SPIE Marseille 2008

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Micromirror Array: Frederic Zamkotsian, LAM

with IMT & Université de Neuchatel

• Array micromirrors

• Freely configurable

• Millisecond response time

• Fully functional at 100K

• Flatness < 50nm PTV

• micromirror array

• 5x5 mirrors

• Size: 100x200 µm

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Double-Stopping Operation Concept

stopper stopper

electrodes spacer

flexure

mirror frame

Wilfried Noell, IMT

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actuation V > 85V

Double-Stopping Operation Concept

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1st point of contact new pivot point

actuation V > 85V

Double-Stopping Operation Concept

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2nd point of contact

1st point of contact new pivot point

Double-Stopping Operation Concept

actuation V > 85V

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2nd point of contact

1st point of contact new pivot point

holding V < 80V

Mirror is fixed in placewithin 1 arcmin

Double-Stopping Operation Concept

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Tilt accuracy

< 1 arcmin

Long slit mode

Multi-Object Spectroscopy: bench demonstration Large field

illumination(2 rows ON, the others OFF)

Two objects in the FOV

Right object selected

Left object selected

Object selection

F. Zamkotsian, LAM

Programmable slits in Europe (2/3)

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Specific cryo test chamber developed, compatible with the interferometric bench

Vacuum 10-6 mbar, Temperature, below 100K

92K - 0V

92K - 90V 300 K: 35 nm

PtV92 K: 50 nm

PtV

Programmable slits in Europe (3/3)

F. Zamkotsian, LAMGold coated micro-mirrors

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Programmable Mirror Arrays: future

• Application in E-ELT OPTIMOS & ESA EUCLID dark energy mission– If TRL can be enhanced

• Developments under way:– Feasibility of large arrays: 20,000 mirrors;

early 2009– Demonstration of addressing all mirrors in

large arrays: early 2009– Operation of these arrays: late 2009

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Beam positioning for Multi IFU Spectroscopy: EAGLE

VLT ELT

KMOS EAGLE

Arms ??

2442 channels each with a deformable mirror &6 plane mirrors

output to 3D spectrometer

EAGLE Target Acquisition System

field imageat IFU slicer

cold stop atpupil image

re-imagingoptics

deformablemirror

beam-steeringmirror (BSM)

pick-offmirror (POM)

pupil image at

fromtelescope

schematic of optics for alignment

pupil-imagingmirror (PIM)

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Solutions Pick-and-place or wireless robotOptions Robotic arm, Mitsubishi RH-12SH535, or

- Custom designed robotic arm - Custom Star picker- Snake arm, OC Robotics- Wireless robots, UKATC in-house project

Problems for EAGLE Not enough space due to back-focal distance issue

Mitsubishi RH-12SH535.Gripper reach - 278 to 850mmRepeatability - +/-25 m

Star pickerGripper reach - 450ØmmRepeatability - +/-2m

Placement of POMs and Intermediate Field Mirrors (IFMs)

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Wireless robotsRange – TBCAccuracy – 3 to 10m expected

Conclusions – More investigation to find ‘of the shelf’ robot to include consultation with manufacturers for specific gripper design requirements- But space restrictions for EAGLE may restrict use of commercial robots Further investigation into wireless solution as the technology develops – PhD project started

Snake Arm RoboticsGripper reach – design dependantRepeatability - 5m difficult but consultation required

Placement of POMs and IFMs

Micro Autonomous Positioning System (MAPS)

Hermine Schnetler (UK ATC) & William Taylor (Univ Edinburgh PhD

student)

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Tank POM Models

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Starbugs

Work well!• All orientations• Cryogenic• Non-planar ‘focal

plane’But EAGLE does not

have these requirements, as SmartMOMSI for OWL did!

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Why develop MAPS?

Is there another way?• Yes - a pick and place module

– (STARPICKER)

But… MAPS would give us: • Lower configuration times.• Potentially very small POM-footprint. • Associated sub systems would require less space.

At the moment the technical readiness of the whole system is

low but the readiness of the component systems is higher

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Requirements:• x-y drive• Accuracy: ±10 μm• Speed: 10mms-1

• Ability to rotate about z axis

Possible drive mechanism:• Micro brushless d.c. motors.

High speeds, but high power? • Piezoelectric actuators used to form inch worm.

High precision and low power, but low speed?

We have completed a Master’s project thesis from Heriot Watt Robotics department, analysing drive options & friction/torque trade-offs

May need to separate the problem: use x-y drive and then a piezoelectric rotator stage for angular alignment.

Driving Mechanism

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Telemetry and control

• Are the robots and their mirrors where we want them to be?– Focal plane will be imaged.

• Form a closed-loop positioning system.

– Use LEDs to identify position and distinguish robots.– Tests have shown satisfactory precision can easily be achieved.

• Interface with the robot via a Zigbee wireless link.– Only send commands to robots.

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Build a proof of concept prototype utilisingexisting technologies.

Building a simple chassis to hold motors circuitry and a simple battery.

PIC microcontroller with pre-programmed patterns.

Set up telemetry system using LEDs and camera as before.

Show how accurate can the x-y drive be with standard dc motors

Aim to complete this year with rapid prototyping & subcontract electronics

Phase 1 in OPTICON

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PIC Controller & motors

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Active Beam Steering Mirror:Astigmatism compensation

F. Madec, E. Hugot, E. Prieto, M. Ferrari, P. Vola, J.-L. Gimenez, J.-G. Cuby, LAM

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Active BSM - ConceptSpecific profiles

Central fixed clamp

Four active points

Diameter 200mm

Curvature radii 1800 ± 50mm

Surface quality /4 RMS

Surface quality on 10mm zone

/10 RMS

Material Stainless steel

Astigmatism compensation

Focus compensation

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Active BSM

Demonstration at SPIE 2008 - Marseille

© CNRS Photothèque / PERRIN Emmanuel

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Active BSM – WF analysis

• Astigmatism 200µm PTV• Focus 5µm PTV• Residual aberrations due

to the partial polishing– Spherical aberration– Astigmatism

• Final polishing in progress

Astigmatism variation from 200µm PTV in one direction to 200µm PTV in the other direction

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OPTICON SFP achievements

• 2 ELT Instruments in E-ELT Phase A studies based on our Smart Focal Plane Technologies

• MOSFIRE instrument for Keck using European Slit mechanism from CSEM

• Potential application for MOEMS mirrors in ESA Euclid Dark Energy Mission

• Working prototypes:– Starpicker– Starbugs– Phase 1 MAPS Robot soon!– Deformable Beam Steering Mirrors– MOEMS mirrors– Replicated image slicers

• Reports on enabling technologies: actuators, positions sensing, slit mechanisms, internal metrology

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Last Board Meeting: Planned work to completion

WP 3.2 Cryomechanisms –Tip-Tilt Focal Plane ASTRON

WP 5.0 Management and Systems Engineering – UK ATC / IAC

WP 6.2 Pick-off Prototype – Gripper Cold Tests – CSEM/UK ATC

WP 6.2 Pick-off Prototype – Star-Picker Cold Tests –UK ATC

WP 6.3 Beam manipulator prototype - active optics – LAM

WP 6.4 MOEMS mirror array prototype – LAM/CSEM

WP6.5 Integration of Star-Picker and Cryo-Mirrors in Smart Focal Plane Demonstrator

New: WP6.6 Evaluation of cooled and cryogenic mirrors for SFP based NIR & MIR instruments with AO built-in - Coordinated by TNO-TPD, Delft, Partners: Astron, Leiden, UK ATC (& Paisley Univ)

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Achievements & changes in last year

• WP 3.2 Cryomechanisms –Tip-Tilt Focal Plane ASTRON - Complete

• WP 5.0 Management and Systems Engineering – UK ATC / IAC - Ongoing

• WP 6.2 Pick-off Prototype – Gripper Cold Tests – CSEM/UK ATC – Gripper broken during tests: not worth repair due to EAGLE requirements changing

• WP 6.2 Pick-off Prototype – Star-Picker Cold Tests –UK ATC – not worth proceeding due to EAGLE requirements changing

• WP 6.3 Beam manipulator prototype - active optics – LAM - Complete

• WP 6.4 MOEMS mirror array prototype – LAM/CSEM - Complete

• WP6.5 Integration of Star-Picker and Cryo-Mirrors in Smart Focal Plane Demonstrator -not worth proceeding due to EAGLE requirements changing

• New WP: Evaluation of cooled and cryogenic mirrors for SFP based NIR & MIR instruments with AO built-in – TNO + others – delayed, but report expected by end of 2008

• New WP: Micro robotic pick-off mirrors: UK ATC – Good progress

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Overall Objectives Met?

• Evaluate, develop and prototype of technologies for Smart Focal Planes - YES

• Build up and strengthen a network of expertise in Europe, and encourage mobility between partners – YES

• Engage European Industry in the development of technologies which can be batch produced to enable future complex instruments to be built economically – Partial – image slicers

• Enable these technologies to be developed to the stage where they can be considered for the next generation of telescopes - YES

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Cost Summary

• Spend to end 2008 (EU only)– Budget: €1,968,000– Total Spend: €1,867,137– Very little left for final year: €100,863

• Budget for 2009– UK ATC Micro robots and Commercial Robots study

• €70k

– ASTRON Piezo Focal Plane Mechanism Completion • €30k

• We expect to spend these amounts

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Smart Instrument Technologies Proposal for FP7:

Summary

• Smart Focal Plane Technology developments are now being carried forward into ELT instrument Phase A programme for EAGLE and possibly OPTIMOS

• Proposal for FP7 addresses 2 further questions:– How to build lower mass, active instruments to meet

flexure requirements of wide-field or high resolution cryogenic instruments?

• Note that mass/volume constraints for EAGLE & HARMONI result in density <20% of water, compared with > 30% for current instruments

– Are there science and operational gains from expanding the Smart Focal Plane concept into a Smart Instrument Suite where several different instruments a fed from a wide field pick off system, and if so what technologies need development?

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Objectives in FP7

• Provide instrument builders with a suite of building blocks that will enable a paradigm shift in the way the ground-based astronomical community builds optical and infrared instruments.

• Smart technologies and devices will be developed so that European astronomical instrument builders can meet the demands made by the science community for– wider fields-of-view, – higher spectral and spatial resolutions, – wider bandwidths and – simultaneous spectroscopy of multiple objects

• while fitting within demanding size-footprints, mass budgets and engineering tolerances.

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E-ELT Instrument Platform

• 9 focal stations– 2 gravity

invariant– 1 Coudé

• How will we deal with the other 6?

• And outside Europe: all the GMT focal stations?

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Example of closed loop compensation: X-shooter for

VLT

• Requirements:– Stability of 0.08

asec (goal 0.04)

• Challenge– 3 arm UVB/Vis/NIR

(300-2400 nm) spectrograph at Cass

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Solution: Active Flexure Compensation

• 2 tip-tilt piezo mirrors align 3 slits using pinhole illuminators

• Correct after slew or every hour

Rasmussen et al, SPIE 2008

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Reducing size and mass will help reduce flexure

• How?– Lightweight and stiff

structural materials– Ultra lightweight metal

optics• ASTRON example

– Integrated Optics devices• Astrophotonics

– More compact optical designs

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Reduce flexure with more compact instruments

New instrument optics?• Flexure• Extreme aspheres can

produce more compact instruments

• Less flexure as linear dimensions are less - goes as L2

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Smart Technologies Toolkit

• Active Focal Planes – motor or piezo drives

• Active Structures• Active mirrors• Built-in metrology• Highly Aspheric Mirrors• New materials and

corresponding characterisation data

• Integrated Modelling Tools• Micro spectrometers – see

Jeremy Allington-Smith Astrophotonics

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Plan

• Develop a novel instrument architecture– drive the requirements of these Smart Instrument building

blocks and then use this to model operational and observing efficiency in the context of a practical instrument

• Develop Smart Instrument Technologies – active mirrors, – micro-actuation – metrology devices.

• In addition, the drive for wider fields-of-view pushes us towards large and heavy instruments, exacerbating the flexure problems, so we will develop – smart structures and – highly aspheric mirrors to enable more compact and lighter

instruments.

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Work package 5.1: Technical Management and System

Analysis

• A Smart Instrument architecture concept will be developed based on an existing telescope such as the VLT instrument suite– Concept drawn up through a joint team workshop,

then developed by the lead team at the UK ATC• The instrument concept will be evaluated

against existing instruments to assess the improvements in terms of performance, mass, volume and cost

• This concept will then be used to determine the requirements for the technology to be developed

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Work package 5.2: Optical Components with Extreme Aspheric

Surfaces

• LAM will develop the concept of a highly compact optical design that makes use of extreme aspheric surface optical components– Develop a plug-in design tool that can be used in conjunction

with existing optical analysis software such as Zemax to design, optimise and analyse the performance of extreme aspheric surface optical components.

– Develop and evaluate the manufacturing processes (including stress polishing) required to manufacture these extreme aspheric optical surfaces

– Design and manufacture an optical component demonstrator with extreme aspheric surfaces (in the context of an astronomical instrument for wide field spectroscopy)

– Devise methods to differentiate between low and mid/high order deformations, e.g. combining passive low/mid order deformations and high order active deformations

– Laboratory characterisation of the extreme surface optical component.

– Define the optical requirements of the demonstrator’s extreme surface optical components

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Work package 5.3: Smart Micro Actuation Devices and Cryogenic

Structures

• Investigate the combination of piezo actuators, miniature motors and miniature optical devices to produce a number of SIT building blocks that can be used in, for example: a moderate speed, low density wavefront compensator to correct for instrument deformation, and thus actively control the stiffness of a structure over a large dynamic range.

• These devices can also be used to position optical components accurately to replace heavy and large structures with dynamic equivalents.

• Evaluation and test of actuation, encoding, measurement and control devices at cryogenic temperatures, down to 20K

• Evaluate optical and dimensional metrology systems used in the growing application of Smart Structures in the aerospace, defence and civil engineering industries– optical sensors (including CCD/CMOS cameras and interferometers)– strain gauges (including fibre devices)– inclinometers.

• Investigate the application of cryogenically cooled extension sensing actuators to maintain open loop nanometre position accuracy for instrumentation applications

• Investigation of bonding of piezo-devices to Zerodur and silicon carbide using silicate bonding.

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Cost

UK ATC LAM NOVA CSEM

12.0 18.0 12.0 5.5

Total Effort Cost 128.5 128.4 97.6 90.8Equipment Cost 60.0 30.0 60.0 30.0Travel Cost 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0Total € 198.48 € 168.39 € 167.59 € 130.84

Total € 665.30TOTAL EU € 500.00

SUMMARY

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Key Outcomes

Smart Instrument Architecture (T0+6)

Smart Technology Device Specifications (T0+12)

Zemax plug-in software module for extreme aspheric surfaces

(T0+12)

Extreme aspheric mirror demonstrator analysis and design report, including a description of the manufacturing processes

(T0+24)

Prototype active focal plane system building block

(T0+24)

Extreme aspheric mirror prototype demonstrator

(T0+36)

Piezo array bonded to optical structures (T0+36)

Cryogenic smart structures design and manufacturing report

(T0+40)

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How Smart Instrument Technologies will make an

impact

• Will provide engineering solutions to the problems of mass, size and stability to which Jeremy Allington-Smith alluded by:– New design tools for compact aspherics– New devices for active control of surfaces

and optical components within instruments– Providing medium-term solutions to these

problems, which may ultimately be solved by photonic instruments

Additional Slides

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Dissemination of results: publications

Proc. SPIE 5382 (2004)

Smart focal plane technologies for ELT instruments Colin R. Cunningham, Suzanne K. Ramsay-Howat, Francisco Garzon, Ian R. Parry, Eric Prieto, David J. Robertson, and

Frederic Zamkotsian Proc. SPIE 5904 (2005)

Progress on smart focal plane technologies for extremely large telescopes Colin Cunningham, Eli Atad, Jeremy Bailey, Fabio Bortoletto, Francisco Garzon, Peter Hastings, Roger Haynes, Callum

Norrie, Ian Parry, Eric Prieto, Suzanne R.Howat, Juergen Schmoll, Lorenzo Zago, and Frederic ZamkotsianProc. SPIE 6273 (2006)

A scalable pick-off technology for multi-object instrumentsPeter Hastings; Suzanne Ramsay Howat; Peter Spanoudakis; Raymond van den Brink; Callum Norrie; David Clarke;

K. Laidlaw; S. McLay; Johan Pragt; Hermine Schnetler; L. ZagoSMART-MOS: a NIR imager-MOS for the ELT Francisco Garzón; Eli Atad-Ettedgui; Peter Hammersley; David Henry; Callum Norrie; Pablo Redondo; Frederic

ZamkotsianNew beam steering mirror concept and metrology system for multi-IFU Fabrice Madec; Eric Prieto; Pierre-Eric Blanc; Emmanuel Hugot; Sébastien Vivès; Marc Ferrari; Jean-Gabriel CubyDeployable payloads with Starbug Andrew McGrath; Roger HaynesIt's alive! Performance and control of prototype Starbug actuators Roger Haynes; Andrew McGrath; Jurek Brzeski; David Correll; Gabriella Frost; Peter Gillingham; Stan Miziarski; Rolf

Muller; Scott SmedleyMicro-mirror array for multi-object spectroscopyFrederic Zamkotsian; Severin Waldis; Wilfried Noell; Kacem ElHadi; Patrick Lanzoni; Nico de Rooij

Proc. SPIE 6466 (2007)Uniform tilt-angle micromirror array for multi-object spectroscopy Severin Waldis; Pierre-Andre Clerc; Frederic Zamkotsian; Michael Zickar; Wilfried Noell; Nico de Rooij

Proc SPIE 2008

EAGLE: an MOAO fed multi-IFU in the NIR on the E-ELTJean-Gabriel Cuby, Simon Morris et al

CIMTECH 2008

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• Configurable slit-mask unit of the multi-object spectrometer for infra-red exploration for the Keck telescope: integration and testsPeter Spanoudakis, Laurent Giriens, Simon Henein, Leszek Lisowski, Aidan O'Hare, Emmanuel Onillon, Philippe Schwab, and Patrick Theurillat

• Smart instrument technologies to meet extreme instrument stability requirementsColin Cunningham, Peter Hastings, Florian Kerber, David Montgomery, Lars Venema, and Pascal Vola

• Micromirror array for multiobject spectroscopy in ground-based and space telescopesSeverin Waldis, Frederic Zamkotsian, Patrick Lanzoni, Wilfried Noell, and Nico de Rooij

• Piezo-driven adjustment of a cryogenic detector Johan H. Pragt, Raymond van den Brink, Gabby Kroes, Niels Tromp, and Jean-Baptiste Ochs

• CIMTEC 2008 (invited)

• Paper 7018-94, F. Madec & al, SPIE 2008

• Paper 7018-173 Hugot & al, SPIE2008

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Light & stiff Structural Materials

• Optical bench or box and reflective optics can be made from one material

– Aluminium– SiC– CSiC– New alloys – aluminium/beryllium ?

• But they need low-thermal conductivity structural supports at cryogenic temperatures

– Composites• CFRP• G10 glass fibre

– Plastics• Vespel• Tensioned Kevlar

• Results in differential contraction issues

• Yesterday we saw an idea from Oliver Saw at JPL for a zero CTE truss using an actuator and range gating (sub nanometre) sensor combination

UK ATC: SCUBA-2

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Image Slicers

daughtermother

mandrel

• Invented by Ira Bowen in 1938, but only now coming into use as optical fabrication techniques make it possible

• Now possible to replicate using electroforming

• For visible light: Sub 10nm rms surfaces needed – still only possible with glass slicers

• Economic study shows cross-over at about 30 slicers

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WP5 1 2 3 4Smart Instrument

TechnologiesUKATC LAM NOVA CSEM

Work Package NumberWork Package TitleActivity TypeParticipate Number 1 2 3 4Person-months per participant 2 2 2 1

Total Effort Cost € 21.54 € 14.02 € 16.36 € 16.86Equipment Cost € 0.00 € 0.00 € 0.00 € 0.00Travel Cost € 5.00 € 5.00 € 5.00 € 5.00Total € 26.54 € 19.02 € 21.36 € 21.86GRAND Total € 88.78

Work Package NumberWork Package TitleActivity TypeParticipate Number 1 2 3 4Person-months per participant 0 14 0 0

Total Effort Cost € 0.00 € 99.98 € 0.00 € 0.00Equipment Cost € 0.00 € 30.00 € 0.00 € 0.00Travel Cost € 0.00 € 5.00 € 0.00 € 0.00Total € 0.00 € 134.98 € 0.00 € 0.00GRAND Total € 134.98

Work Package NumberWork Package TitleActivity TypeParticipate Number 1 2 3 4Person-months per participant 10 2 10 4.5

Total Effort Cost € 106.94 € 14.39 € 81.23 € 73.98Equipment Cost € 60.00 € 0.00 € 60.00 € 30.00Travel Cost € 5.00 € 0.00 € 5.00 € 5.00Total € 171.94 € 14.39 € 146.23 € 108.98GRAND Total € 441.54

UK ATC LAM NOVA CSEM

12.0 18.0 12.0 5.5

Total Effort Cost 128.5 128.4 97.6 90.8Equipment Cost 60.0 30.0 60.0 30.0Travel Cost 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0Total € 198.48 € 168.39 € 167.59 € 130.84

Total € 665.30TOTAL EU € 500.00

J oint Research Activity

WP 5.3Smart Micro-Actuation Devices and Cryogenic Structures

SUMMARY

WP 5.1Technical Management and System Analysis

J oint Research Activity

WP 5.2Extreme Aspheric Surfaces

J oint Research Activity (RTD)

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Detailed Project Plan (T0+2)

Smart Instrument Architecture (T0+6)

Smart Technology Device Specifications

(T0+12)

Zemax plug-in software module for extreme aspheric surfaces - analysis and design report

(T0+12)

Zemax plug-in software module for extreme aspheric surfaces

(T0+12)

Extreme aspheric mirror demonstrator analysis and design report, including a description of the manufacturing processes

(T0+24)

Extreme aspheric mirror prototype demonstrator

(T0+36)

Extreme aspheric mirror demonstrator Test Report

(T0+40)

Piezo and Metrology evaluation report

(T0+18)

Prototype active focal plane system building block

(T0+24)

Piezo array bonded to optical structures

(T0+36)

Rotation unit with extreme dynamic range

(T0+36)

Cryogenic smart structures design and manufacturing report

(T0+40)

MILESTONES