JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS

JOURNAL OFTHE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS

Hur and ReicksJ Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

Inyoung Hur, PhD: University of Minnesota

Marla Reicks, PhD, RD: University of Minnesota

Relationship between whole grain intake, chronic disease risk indicators, and weight status among adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

1999-2004

Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake

Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004

Overview

• Whole grain intake is associated with health benefits among adults, but limited studies have assessed these relationships among adolescents

• NHANES data were used in this study to examine relationships between whole grain intake and– Dietary intake– Weight status– Chronic disease risk indicators– Biochemical indices




0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Girls Boys

NoneLowHigh


Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004

Total grain intake (oz eq)

P <0.05, For girls only

p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences

Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)JOURNAL OFTHE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Girls Boys

NoneLowHigh



Total energy intake (g)

P <0.05, for boys and girlsp-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Girls Boys

NoneLowHigh



Dietary fiber intake (g)

P <0.05, for boys and girlsp-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Girls Boys

NoneLowHigh



Total folate intake (μg)

P <0.05, for girls and boysp-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Girls Boys

NoneLowHigh



Fasting insulin level (μU/mL)

P <0.05 for boys and girls, bars with different letters are significantly different

p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differencesWhole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)

y

z

yyy

z

Second Set of Models



0.58

0.6

0.62

0.64

0.66

0.68

0.7

0.72

0.74

Girls Boys

NoneLowHigh



C-peptide (nmol/L)

P <0.05, for boys and girls bars with different letters are significantly different


Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)

y y

y yz

z




5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

6

6.2

6.4

6.6

6.8

Girls Boys

NoneLowHigh



Ho

mo

cyst

ein

e (μ

mo

l/L)

P <0.05, for boys only, bars with different letters are significantly different



z

y ySecond Set of Models



11.5

12

12.5

13

13.5

14

14.5

Girls Boys

NoneLowHigh



Serum folate (ng/mL)

P <0.05 for boys and girls, bars with different letters are significantly different




y

yz

z

y y

z




CONCLUSION- Whole-grain intake among adolescents was well below recommendations, however consumption was favorably associated with intake of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and total folate.

- Results suggested that whole grain intake may also be favorably associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes and CVD, although results varied by sex.

- With higher whole-grain intake, fasting insulin levels were lower and serum and red blood cell folate levels were higher for boys and girls; however, C-peptide levels were lower for girls, and homocysteine concentrations were lower for boys.

-These findings provide support for current recommendationsto promote greater intake of whole grains among adolescents.



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JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS